Transmitting method, receiving method, transmitting apparatus, and receiving apparatus

ABSTRACT

A transmitting method includes: configuring a frame using a plurality of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, by allocating time resources and frequency resources to a plurality of transmission data; and transmitting the frame, wherein the frame includes a first period in which a preamble which includes information on a frame configuration of the frame is transmitted, and a second period in which the plurality of transmission data are transmitted by at least one of time division and frequency division, and among the plurality of OFDM symbols, OFDM symbols included in the second period include pilot symbols arranged along a time axis with a predetermined spacing therebetween, and a predetermined number of data symbols.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a transmitting method, a receivingmethod, a transmitting apparatus and a receiving apparatus.

BACKGROUND ART

The DVB-T2 standard is an example of a digital broadcasting standard inwhich orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is used (seeNon-Patent Literature (NPL) 5).

In digital broadcasting according to, for instance, the DVB-T2 standard,a frame in which a plurality of data streams are multiplexed by timedivision is configured, and data is transmitted on a frame-by-framebasis.

CITATION LIST Non-Patent Literature

-   NPL 1: R. G. Gallager, “Low-density parity-check codes,” IRE Trans.    Inform. Theory, IT-8, pp. 21-28, 1962.-   NPL 2: “Performance analysis and design optimization of LDPC-coded    MIMO OFDM systems” IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol. 52, no. 2,    pp. 348-361, February 2004.-   NPL 3: C. Douillard, and C. Berrou, “Turbo codes with rate −m/(m+1)    constituent convolutional codes,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 53, no.    10, pp. 1630-1638, October 2005.-   NPL 4: C. Berrou, “The ten-year-old turbo codes are entering into    service,” IEEE Communication Magazine, vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 110-116,    August 2003.-   NPL 5: DVB Document A122, Frame structure, channel coding and    modulation for a second generation digital terrestrial television    broadcasting system (DVB-T2), June 2008.-   NPL 6: D. J. C. Mackay, “Good error-correcting codes based on very    sparse matrices,” IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 45, no. 2, pp    399-431, March 1999.-   NPL 7: S. M. Alamouti, “A simple transmit diversity technique for    wireless communications,” IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 16,    no. 8, pp. 1451-1458, October 1998.-   NPL 8: V. Tarokh, H. Jafrkhani, and A. R. Calderbank, “Space-time    block coding for wireless communications: Performance results,”    IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 17, no. 3, no. 3, pp. 451-460,    March 1999.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Technical Problem

The non-limiting exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure providea transmitting method, a receiving method, a transmitting apparatus, anda receiving apparatus which allow communication using a flexible frameconfiguration.

Solutions to Problem

A transmitting method according to an aspect of the present disclosureis a transmitting method executed by a transmitting apparatus whichtransmits a plurality of transmission data using an orthogonalfrequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) method, and includes: configuringa frame by allocating time resources and frequency resources to theplurality of transmission data; and transmitting the frame. Whenconfiguring a frame, the frame is configured so as to include a firstperiod in which a preamble which includes information on a frameconfiguration of the frame is transmitted, a second period in which aplurality of transmission data are transmitted by time division, a thirdperiod in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted byfrequency division, and a fourth period in which a plurality oftransmission data are transmitted by time division and frequencydivision.

In the transmitting method, when configuring a frame, in the fourthperiod, the frame may be configured so as to include a time at whichfirst transmission data and second transmission data are transmitted byfrequency division, and a frequency at which the first transmission dataand third transmission data are transmitted by time division.

A receiving method according to an aspect of the present disclosure is areceiving method executed by a receiving apparatus which receives aplurality of transmission data transmitted using an orthogonalfrequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) method, and includes: receiving aframe in which time resources and frequency resources are allocated tothe plurality of transmission data such that the frame includes a firstperiod in which a preamble is transmitted, a second period in which aplurality of transmission data are transmitted by time division, a thirdperiod in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted byfrequency division, and a fourth period in which a plurality oftransmission data are transmitted by time division and frequencydivision; obtaining information on a frame configuration of the framefrom the preamble; and demodulating, based on the information on theframe configuration, at least one of the plurality of transmission datatransmitted in the second period, the plurality of transmission datatransmitted in the third period, and the plurality of transmission datatransmitted in the fourth period.

In the receiving method, when receiving a frame, in the fourth period, aframe may be received, the frame being configured to include a time atwhich first transmission data and second transmission data aretransmitted by frequency division, and a frequency at which the firsttransmission data and third transmission data are transmitted by timedivision.

A transmitting apparatus according to an aspect of the presentdisclosure is a transmitting apparatus which transmits a plurality oftransmission data using an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing(OFDM) method, and includes: a frame configuring unit configured toconfigure a frame by allocating time resources and frequency resourcesto the plurality of transmission data; and a transmitter which transmitsthe frame. The frame configuring unit is configured to configure a framesuch that the frame includes a first period in which a preamble whichincludes information on a frame configuration of the frame istransmitted, a second period in which a plurality of transmission dataare transmitted by time division, a third period in which a plurality oftransmission data are transmitted by frequency division, and a fourthperiod in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by timedivision and frequency division.

In the transmitting apparatus, in the fourth period, the frameconfiguring unit may be configured to configure a frame such that theframe includes a time at which first transmission data and secondtransmission data are transmitted by frequency division, and a frequencyat which the first transmission data and third transmission data aretransmitted by time division.

A receiving apparatus according to an aspect of the present disclosureis a receiving apparatus which receives a plurality of transmission datatransmitted using an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)method, and includes: a receiver which receives a frame in which timeresources and frequency resources are allocated to the plurality oftransmission data such that the frame includes a first period in which apreamble is transmitted, a second period in which a plurality oftransmission data are transmitted by time division, a third period inwhich a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by frequencydivision, and a fourth period in which a plurality of transmission dataare transmitted by time division and frequency division; a preambleprocessor which obtains information on a frame configuration of theframe from the preamble; and a demodulator which demodulates, based onthe information on the frame configuration, at least one of theplurality of transmission data transmitted in the second period, theplurality of transmission data transmitted in the third period, and theplurality of transmission data transmitted in the fourth period.

In the receiving apparatus, in the fourth period, the receiver mayreceive a frame configured so as to include a time at which firsttransmission data and second transmission data are transmitted byfrequency division, and a frequency at which the first transmission dataand third transmission data are transmitted by time division.

A transmitting method according to an aspect of the present disclosureis a transmitting method executed by a transmitting apparatus whichtransmits a plurality of transmission data using an orthogonalfrequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) method, and includes: configuringa frame by allocating time resources and frequency resources to theplurality of transmission data; and transmitting the frame. Whenconfiguring a frame, a frame is configured, the frame including a firstarea in which a preamble that includes information on a frameconfiguration of the frame is arranged, a second area in which aplurality of transmission data are arranged by time division, a thirdarea in which a plurality of transmission data are arranged by frequencydivision, and a fourth area in which a plurality of transmission dataare arranged by time division and frequency division.

A receiving method according to an aspect of the present disclosure is areceiving method executed by a receiving apparatus which receives aplurality of transmission data transmitted using an orthogonalfrequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) method, and includes: receiving aframe which includes a first area in which a preamble is arranged, asecond area in which a plurality of transmission data are arranged bytime division, a third area in which a plurality of transmission dataare arranged by frequency division, and a fourth area in which aplurality of transmission data are arranged by time division andfrequency division; obtaining information on a frame configuration ofthe frame from the preamble; and demodulating, based on the informationon the frame configuration, at least one of the plurality oftransmission data transmitted in the second area of the frame, theplurality of transmission data transmitted in the third area of theframe, and the plurality of transmission data transmitted in the fourtharea of the frame.

A transmitting apparatus according to an aspect of the presentdisclosure is a transmitting apparatus which transmits a plurality oftransmission data using an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing(OFDM) method, and includes: a frame configuring unit configured toconfigure a frame by allocating time resources and frequency resourcesto the plurality of transmission data; and a transmitter which transmitsthe frame. The frame configuring unit is configured to configure a framewhich includes a first area in which a preamble that includesinformation on a frame configuration of the frame is arranged, a secondarea in which a plurality of transmission data are arranged by timedivision, a third area in which a plurality of transmission data arearranged by frequency division, and a fourth area in which a pluralityof transmission data are arranged by time division and frequencydivision

A receiving apparatus according to an aspect of the present disclosureis a receiving apparatus which receives a plurality of transmission datatransmitted using an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)method, and includes: a receiver which receives a frame which includes afirst area in which a preamble is arranged, a second area in which aplurality of transmission data are arranged by time division, a thirdarea in which a plurality of transmission data are arranged by frequencydivision, and a fourth area in which a plurality of transmission dataare arranged by time division and frequency division; a preambleprocessor which obtains information on a frame configuration of theframe from the preamble; and a demodulator which demodulates, based onthe information on the frame configuration, at least one of theplurality of transmission data transmitted in the second area of theframe, the plurality of transmission data transmitted in the third areaof the frame, and the plurality of transmission data transmitted in thefourth area of the frame.

Such general and particular aspects may be achieved by arbitrarycombinations of systems, apparatuses, and methods.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

According to the transmitting apparatus, the receiving apparatus, thetransmitting method, and the receiving method according to the presentdisclosure, communication can be performed using a flexible frameconfiguration. This yields advantageous effects that high efficiency indata transmission can be achieved in a communications system andfurthermore the receiving apparatus can efficiently obtain data.

Further advantages and advantageous effects according to aspects of thepresent disclosure are clarified from the Specification and thedrawings. Such advantages and/or advantageous effects are achieved bysome exemplary embodiments and features described in the Specificationand illustrated in the drawings, yet not all the features arenecessarily provided in order to obtain one or more features equivalentto the features described and illustrated.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration of atransmitting apparatus.

FIG. 2 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 3 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 4 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 5 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 6 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 7 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration in a casewhere a transmitting method using space time block codes is performed.

FIG. 8 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration in a casewhere the transmitting method using space time block codes is performed.

FIG. 9 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration in a casewhere a transmitting method using an MIMO method is performed.

FIG. 10 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration in a casewhere the transmitting method using the MIMO method is performed.

FIG. 11 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration in a casewhere the transmitting method using the MIMO method is performed.

FIG. 12 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration in a casewhere the transmitting method using the MIMO method is performed.

FIG. 13 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration in a casewhere the transmitting method using the MIMO method is performed.

FIG. 14 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration in a casewhere the transmitting method using the MIMO method is performed.

FIG. 15 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration in a casewhere the transmitting method using the MIMO method is performed.

FIG. 16 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration in a casewhere the transmitting method using the MIMO method is performed.

FIG. 17 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration in a casewhere the transmitting method using the MIMO method is performed.

FIG. 18 is a view illustrating an example of a symbol arranging method.

FIG. 19 is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod.

FIG. 20 is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod.

FIG. 21 is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod.

FIG. 22 is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod.

FIG. 23 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration of areceiving apparatus.

FIG. 24 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 25 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 26 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 27 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 28 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 29 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 30 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 31 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 32 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 33 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 34 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 35 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 36 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 37 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 38 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 39 is a view illustrating an example of a symbol arranging method.

FIG. 40 is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod.

FIG. 41 is a view illustrating an insertion example of a pilot symbol tobe inserted to a data symbol group.

FIG. 42 is a view illustrating an insertion example of a pilot symbol tobe inserted to a data symbol group.

FIG. 43 is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod.

FIG. 44 is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod.

FIG. 45 is a view illustrating an example of area decomposition in afrequency direction and a time direction.

FIG. 46 is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod.

FIG. 47 is a view illustrating an example of area decomposition in thetime direction.

FIG. 48 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 49 is a view illustrating an example of a control symbol arrangingmethod.

FIG. 50 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 51 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 52 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 53 is a view illustrating an example of the control symbolarranging method.

FIG. 54 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 55 is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod.

FIG. 56 is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod.

FIG. 57 is a view illustrating an example of a relationship between atransmission station and a terminal.

FIG. 58 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration of atransmitting apparatus.

FIG. 59 is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod.

FIG. 60 is a view illustrating an example of the symbol arrangingmethod.

FIG. 61 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration of atransmitting apparatus.

FIG. 62 is a view illustrating an example of a schematic view of an MIMOsystem.

FIG. 63 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 64 is a view illustrating an example of inserted dummy symbols(dummy slots).

FIG. 65 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 66 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 67 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration.

FIG. 68 is a view illustrating an example of communication between abase station and a terminal.

FIG. 69 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration of a basestation.

FIG. 70 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration of aterminal.

FIG. 71 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration of atransmitting apparatus included in a base station.

FIG. 72 is a view illustrating examples of data symbol group generatorsincluded in a base station.

FIG. 73 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration of areceiving apparatus of a terminal.

FIG. 74 is a view illustrating an example of a frame configuration of amodulated signal.

FIG. 75 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration of timeboundaries or frequency boundaries between data symbol groups.

FIG. 76 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration of timeboundaries or frequency boundaries between data symbol groups.

FIG. 77 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration of a basestation.

FIG. 78 is a view illustrating another example of a configuration of abase station.

FIG. 79 is a view illustrating an example of operation of an interleaverfor data symbol group #N.

FIG. 80 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration of aninterleaver for data symbol group #N.

FIG. 81 is a view illustrating another example of a configuration of abase station.

FIG. 82 is a view illustrating another example of a configuration of abase station.

FIG. 83 is a view illustrating an example of operation of interleavingof carriers.

FIG. 84 is a view illustrating another example of a configuration of abase station.

FIG. 85 is a view illustrating another example of a configuration of abase station.

FIG. 86 is a view illustrating another example of a frame configurationof a modulated signal.

FIG. 87 is a view illustrating another example of a frame configurationof a modulated signal.

FIG. 88 is a view illustrating another example of a frame configurationof a modulated signal.

FIG. 89 is a view illustrating another example of a frame configurationof a modulated signal.

FIG. 90 is a view illustrating an example of communication between abase station and a plurality of terminals.

FIG. 91 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration of a datasymbol group.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

(Spatial Multiplexing MIMO Method)

Conventionally, as a communication method using a multi-antenna, forexample, there is a communication method which is referred to as MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output).

In multi-antenna communication which is typically MIMO, data receptionquality and/or a data communication rate (per unit time) can be enhancedby modulating transmission data of one or more sequences andsimultaneously transmitting the respective modulated signals fromdifferent antennas by using the same frequency (common frequency).

FIG. 62 is a view explaining an outline of a spatial multiplexing MIMOmethod. The MIMO method in FIG. 62 indicates an example ofconfigurations of a transmitting apparatus and a receiving apparatus ina case where a number of transmitting antennas is 2 (TX1 and TX2), anumber of receiving antennas (RX1 and RX2) is 2 and a number oftransmission modulated signals (transmission streams) is 2.

The transmitting apparatus has a signal generator and a wirelessprocessor. The signal generator performs communication channel coding ondata, performs MIMO precoding processing, and generates two transmissionsignals z1(t) and z2(t) which can be transmitted simultaneously by usingthe same frequency (common frequency). The wireless processormultiplexes individual transmission signals in a frequency direction asnecessary, that is, converts the transmission signals intomulti-carriers (for example, an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplexing) method), and also inserts a pilot signal for estimation bya receiving apparatus of a transmission channel distortion, a frequencyoffset, a phase distortion and the like. (However, the pilot signal mayestimate other distortions and the like, and the receiving apparatus mayalso use the pilot signal for signal detection. Note that a mode ofusing the pilot signal in the receiving apparatus is not limited to thismode.) The two transmitting antennas use the two transmitting antennas(TX1 and TX2) to transmit z1(t) and z2(t).

The receiving apparatus includes the receiving antennas (RX1 and RX2), awireless processor, a channel fluctuation estimator and a signalprocessor. The receiving antenna (RX1) receives signals transmitted fromthe two transmitting antennas (TX1 and TX2) of the transmittingapparatus. The channel fluctuation estimator estimates a channelfluctuation value by using a pilot signal, and supplies a channelfluctuation estimation value to the signal processor. The signalprocessor restores data contained in z1(t) and z2(t) based on channelvalues estimated as signals received at the two receiving antennas, andobtains the data as one piece of received data. However, the receiveddata may be a hard determination value of “0” or “1” or may be a softdetermination value such as log likelihood or a log likelihood ratio.

Moreover, various coding methods such as turbo codes (for example,Duo-Binary Turbo codes) and LDPC (Low-Density Parity-Check) codes areused as coding methods (NPLs 1 to 6 and the like).

First Exemplary Embodiment

FIG. 1 is an example of a configuration of a transmitting apparatus (of,for example, a broadcast station) in the present exemplary embodiment.

Data generator 102 receives an input of transmission data 10801, andcontrol signal 109. Data generator 102 performs error correction codingand mapping which is based on a modulating method, based on informationsuch as information of error correction coding contained in controlsignal 109 and information of the modulating method contained in controlsignal 109. Data generator 102 outputs data transmission (quadrature)baseband signal 103.

Second preamble generator 105 receives an input of second preambletransmission data 104, and control signal 109. Second preamble generator105 performs error correction coding and mapping which is based on amodulating method, based on information such as information of errorcorrection of a second preamble contained in control signal 109 andinformation of the modulating method contained in control signal 109.Second preamble generator 105 outputs second preamble (quadrature)baseband signal 106.

Control signal generator 108 receives an input of first preambletransmission data 107, and second preamble transmission data 104.Control signal generator 108 outputs as control signal 109 informationof a method for transmitting each symbol (a selected transmitting methodincluding an error correction code, a coding rate of the errorcorrection code, a modulating method, a block length, a frameconfiguration and a transmitting method for regularly switchingprecoding matrices, a method for inserting a pilot symbol, informationor the like of IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) (or inverse Fouriertransform)/FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) (or Fourier transform),information of a method for reduction a PAPR (Peak to Average PowerRatio) and information of a method for inserting a guard interval).

Frame configuring unit 110 receives an input of data transmission(quadrature) baseband signal 103, second preamble (quadrature) basebandsignal 106, and control signal 109. Frame configuring unit 110 performsrearrangement in a frequency axis and a time axis based on informationof a frame configuration contained in the control signal. Frameconfiguring unit 110 outputs (quadrature) baseband signal 111_1 ofstream 1 according to the frame configuration (a signal obtained aftermapping, that is, a baseband signal based on a modulating method to beused), and (quadrature) baseband signal 111_2 of stream 2 according tothe frame configuration (a signal obtained after mapping, that is, abaseband signal based on a modulating method to be used).

Signal processor 112 receives an input of baseband signal 111_1 ofstream 1, baseband signal 111_2 of stream 2, and control signal 109.Signal processor 112 outputs modulated signal 1 (113_1) obtained aftersignal processing based on a transmitting method contained in controlsignal 109 and modulated signal 2 (113_2) obtained after the signalprocessing based on a transmitting method contained in control signal109.

Note that in the signal processor, for example, an MIMO transmittingmethod using precoding and phase change (the MIMO transmitting methodmay also be an MIMO transmitting method which does not perform phasechange) (referred to as an MIMO method here), an MISO (Multiple-InputSingle-Output) transmitting method using space time block codes (spacefrequency block codes) (referred to as an MISO method here), and an SISO(Single-Input Single-Output) (or SIMO (Single-Input Multiple-Output))transmitting method for transmitting a modulated signal of one streamfrom one antenna (however, there is also a case where a modulated signalof one stream is transmitted from a plurality of antennas in the SISOmethod and the SIMO method). An operation of signal processor 112 willbe described in detail below.

Pilot insertion unit 114_1 receives an input of modulated signal 1(113_1) obtained after signal processing, and control signal 109. Pilotinsertion unit 114_1 inserts a pilot symbol to modulated signal 1(113_1) obtained after the signal processing, based on informationcontained in control signal 109 and related to a method for insertingthe pilot symbol. Pilot insertion unit 114_1 outputs modulated signal115_1 obtained after the pilot symbol insertion.

Pilot insertion unit 114_2 receives an input of modulated signal 2(113_2) obtained after signal processing, and control signal 109. Pilotinsertion unit 114_2 inserts a pilot symbol to modulated signal 2(113_2) obtained after the signal processing, based on informationcontained in control signal 109 and related to a method for insertingthe pilot symbol. Pilot insertion unit 114_2 outputs modulated signal115_2 obtained after the pilot symbol insertion.

IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) unit 116_1 receives an input ofmodulated signal 115_1 obtained after the pilot symbol insertion, andcontrol signal 109. IFFT unit 116_1 performs IFFT based on informationof an IFFT method contained in control signal 109. IFFT unit 116_1outputs signal 117_1 obtained after the IFFT.

IFFT unit 116_2 receives an input of modulated signal 115_2 obtainedafter the pilot symbol insertion, and control signal 109. IFFT unit116_2 performs IFFT based on information of the IFFT method contained incontrol signal 109. IFFT unit 116_2 outputs signal 117_2 obtained afterthe IFFT.

PAPR reduction unit 118_1 receives an input of signal 117_1 obtainedafter the IFFT, and control signal 109. PAPR reduction unit 118_1performs processing for PAPR reduction on signal 117_1 obtained afterthe IFFT based on information contained in control signal 109 andrelated to the PAPR reduction. PAPR reduction unit 118_1 outputs signal119_1 obtained after the PAPR reduction.

PAPR reduction unit 118_2 receives an input of signal 117_2 obtainedafter the IFFT, and control signal 109. PAPR reduction unit 118_2performs processing for PAPR reduction on signal 117_2 obtained afterthe IFFT based on information contained in control signal 109 andrelated to the PAPR reduction. PAPR reduction unit 118_2 outputs signal119_2 obtained after the PAPR reduction.

Guard interval insertion unit 120_1 receives an input of signal 119_1obtained after the PAPR reduction, and control signal 109. Guardinterval insertion unit 120_1 inserts a guard interval to signal 119_1obtained after the PAPR reduction, based on information contained incontrol signal 109 and related to a guard interval insertion method.Guard interval insertion unit 120_1 outputs signal 121_1 obtained afterthe guard interval insertion.

Guard interval insertion unit 120_2 receives an input of signal 119_2obtained after the PAPR reduction, and control signal 109. Guardinterval insertion unit 120_2 inserts a guard interval to signal 119_2obtained after the PAPR reduction, based on information contained incontrol signal 109 and related to a guard interval insertion method.Guard interval insertion unit 120_2 outputs signal 121_2 obtained afterthe guard interval insertion.

First preamble insertion unit 122 receives an input of signal 121_1obtained after the guard interval insertion, signal 121_2 obtained afterthe guard interval insertion, and first preamble transmission data 107.First preamble insertion unit 122 generates a first preamble signal fromfirst preamble transmission data 107. First preamble insertion unit 122adds the first preamble to signal 121_1 obtained after the guardinterval insertion. First preamble insertion unit 122 adds the firstpreamble to signal 123_1 obtained after the addition of the firstpreamble, and signal 121_2 obtained after the guard interval insertion.First preamble insertion unit 122 outputs signal 123_2 obtained afterthe addition of the first preamble. Note that the first preamble signalmay be added to both of signal 123_1 obtained after the addition of thefirst preamble and signal 123_2 obtained after addition of the firstpreamble, and also may be added to any one of signal 123_1 obtainedafter the addition of the first preamble and signal 123_2 obtained afteraddition of the first preamble. When the first preamble signal is addedto one of signal 123_1 and signal 123_2, the signal to which the firstpreamble is not added includes a zero signal as a baseband signal in asection in which the signal to which the first preamble is added isadded.

Wireless processor 124_1 receives an input of signal 123_1 obtainedafter the addition of the first preamble. Wireless processor 124_1performs processing such as frequency conversion and amplification onsignal 123_1. Wireless processor 124_1 outputs transmission signal125_1. Then, transmission signal 125_1 is output as a radio wave fromantenna 126_1.

Wireless processor 124_2 receives an input of signal 123_2 obtainedafter the addition of the first preamble. Wireless processor 124_2performs processing such as frequency conversion and amplification onsignal 123_2. Wireless processor 124_2 outputs transmission signal125_2. Then, transmission signal 125_2 is output as a radio wave fromantenna 126_2.

Note that in the present exemplary embodiment, the MIMO transmittingmethod using precoding and phase change, the MISO (Multiple-InputSingle-Output) transmitting method using space time block codes (orspace frequency block codes) and the SISO (Single-Input Single-Output)(or SIMO (Single-Input Single-Output)) transmitting method are used asdescribed above (details will be described below).

FIGS. 2 to 6 are examples of frame configurations of a modulated signalto be transmitted by the above-described transmitting apparatus.Characteristics of each frame configuration will be described below.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a first frame configuration. In FIG. 2,a vertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axis indicatestime. Then, since a transmitting method using a multi-carrier such as anOFDM method is used, there is a plurality of carriers on the verticalaxis frequency.

FIG. 2 illustrates first preamble 201, second preamble 202, data symbolgroup #1 203, data symbol group #2 204, and data symbol group #3 205.

First, the data symbol groups will be described.

A data symbol group may be allocated per video/audio stream. Forexample, symbols for transmitting a first video/audio stream are of datasymbol group #1 (203), symbols for transmitting a second video/audiostream are of data symbol group #2 (204), and symbols for transmitting athird video/audio stream are of data symbol group #3 (205). This pointis not limited to FIG. 2, and the same also applies to FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and6. This point is not limited to FIG. 2, and the same also applies toFIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 6.

Moreover, for example, PLP (Physical Layer Pipe) in a standard such asDVB-T2 (a second generation digital terrestrial television broadcastingsystem) may also be referred to as a data symbol group. That is, in FIG.2, data symbol group #1 (203) may be referred to as PLP #1, data symbolgroup #2 (204) may be referred to as PLP #2, and data symbol group #3(205) may be referred to as PLP #3. This point is not limited to FIG. 2,and the same also applies to FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 6.

First preamble 201 and second preamble 202 include, for example, asymbol for performing frequency synchronization and time synchronization(for example, a PSK (Phase Shift Keying) symbol having signal pointarrangement in an in-phase I-quadrature Q plane known in thetransmitting apparatus and the receiving apparatus), a pilot symbol forestimation by the receiving apparatus of a channel fluctuation (forexample, a PSK (Phase Shift Keying) symbol having signal pointarrangement in an in-phase I-quadrature Q plane known in thetransmitting apparatus and the receiving apparatus), a symbol fortransmitting method information of each data symbol group (informationfor identifying the SISO method, the MISO method and the MIMO method), asymbol for transmitting information related to an error correction codeof each data symbol group (for example, a code length and a codingrate), a symbol for transmitting information related to a method formodulating each data symbol (in a case of the MISO method or the MIMOmethod, since there is a plurality of streams, a plurality of modulatingmethods is specified), a symbol for transmitting method information ofthe first and second preambles, a symbol for transmitting informationrelated to an error correction code of the first and second preambles, asymbol for transmitting information related to a method for modulatingthe first and second preambles, a symbol for transmitting informationrelated to a method for inserting a pilot symbol, and a symbol fortransmitting information related to a method for suppressing a PAPR.This point is not limited to FIG. 2, and the same also applies to FIGS.3, 4, 5 and 6.

Characteristic points in FIG. 2 are such that a data symbol group issubjected to temporal division and is transmitted.

Note that in FIG. 2, a symbol for transmitting a pilot symbol or controlinformation may be inserted to a data symbol group. Moreover, a datasymbol group may also be a symbol group based on the MIMO (transmitting)method and the MISO (transmitting) method (as a matter of course, thedata symbol group may be a symbol group of the SISO (SIMO) method). Inthis case, at the same time and the same (common) frequency, a pluralityof streams (s1 and s2 described below) is transmitted. (In this case, atthe same time and the same (common) frequency, a plurality of modulatedsignals is transmitted from a plurality of (different) antennas.) Then,this point is not limited to FIG. 2, and the same also applies to FIGS.3, 4, 5 and 6.

Next, FIG. 3 will be described. FIG. 3 illustrates an example of asecond frame configuration. In FIG. 3, a vertical axis indicates afrequency, and a horizontal axis indicates time. Then, since atransmitting method using a multi-carrier such as an OFDM method isused, there is a plurality of carriers on the vertical axis frequency.Note that the same elements as the elements in FIG. 2 are assigned thesame reference numerals in FIG. 3, and operate in the same way as inFIG. 2.

Characteristic points in FIG. 3 are such that first preamble 301 andsecond preamble 302 are inserted (temporarily) between data symbol group#2 (204) and data symbol group #3 (205). That is, when a symbol groupformed with a “first preamble, a second preamble and a data symbolgroup” is referred to as a group, there are a first group (the firstpreamble, the second preamble, data symbol group #1 and data symbolgroup #2) and a second group (the first preamble, the second preambleand data symbol group #3), and configurations of the data symbol groupcontained in the first group and of the data symbol group contained inthe second group are different.

In such a case, for example, a video/audio to be transmitted with datasymbol group #1 and a video/audio to be transmitted with data symbolgroup #2 are different in coding compressibility of a video/audio, butmay be the same “video/audio.” In this way, there is an advantage thatthe receiving apparatus can obtain a desired “video/audio” with highquality by a method as simple as selecting “whether to demodulate datasymbol group #1 or demodulate data symbol group #2,” and that since apreamble can be made common in this case, control informationtransmission efficiency can be enhanced.

(However, contrarily, the video/audio to be transmitted with data symbolgroup #1 and the video/audio to be transmitted with data symbol #2 maybe different).

Moreover, it becomes easy to make the transmitting method fortransmitting data symbol group #1 the same as a transmitting method fortransmitting data symbol group #2, and to make a transmitting method fortransmitting data symbol group #3 different from the transmitting methodfor transmitting data symbol group #1 (the transmitting method fortransmitting data symbol group #2).

(Although described below, a pilot symbol is inserted to a data symbolgroup. In this case, a pilot symbol inserting method is different pertransmitting method (since a number of modulated signals to betransmitted may be different). Consequently, when a data symbol group isgathered per transmitting method, there is a possibility that a decreasein transmission efficiency owing to insertion of the pilot symbol can beprevented).

Next, FIG. 4 will be described. FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a thirdframe configuration. In FIG. 4, a vertical axis indicates a frequency,and a horizontal axis indicates time. Then, since a transmitting methodusing a multi-carrier such as an OFDM method is used, there is aplurality of carriers on the vertical axis frequency. Note that elementsoperating in the same way as in FIG. 2 are assigned the same referencenumerals in FIG. 4, and operate in the same way as in FIG. 2.

Characteristic points in FIG. 4 are such that data symbol group #1 anddata symbol group #2 are subjected to frequency division, and that inaddition, “data symbol group #1 (401_1) and data symbol group #2 (402)”and “data symbol group #3 (403)” are subjected to temporal division.That is, data symbol groups are transmitted by using frequency divisionand temporal division in combination.

Next, FIG. 5 will be described. FIG. 5 illustrates an example of afourth frame configuration. In FIG. 5, a vertical axis indicates afrequency, and a horizontal axis indicates time. Then, since atransmitting method using a multi-carrier such as an OFDM method isused, there is a plurality of carriers on the vertical axis frequency.Note that elements operating in the same way as in FIGS. 2 and 4 areassigned the same reference numerals in FIG. 5, and operate in the sameway as in FIGS. 2 and 4.

Characteristic points in FIG. 5 are such that, as with FIG. 4, datasymbol group #1 and data symbol group #2 are subjected to frequencydivision, and that in addition, “data symbol group #1 (401_1) and datasymbol group #2 (402)” and “data symbol group #3 (403)” are subjected totemporal division. That is, data symbol groups are transmitted by usingfrequency division and temporal division in combination.

In addition, characteristic points in FIG. 5 are such that firstpreamble 301 and second preamble 302 are inserted (temporarily) between“data symbol groups #1 (401_1 and 401_2) and data symbol #2 (402)” anddata symbol group #3 (403). That is, when a symbol group formed with a“first preamble, a second preamble and a data symbol group” is referredto as a group, there are a first group (the first preamble, the secondpreamble, data symbol group #1 and data symbol group #2) and a secondgroup (the first preamble, the second preamble and data symbol group#3), and configurations of the data symbol group contained in the firstgroup and of the data symbol group contained in the second group aredifferent.

In such a case, for example, a video/audio to be transmitted with datasymbol group #1 and a video/audio to be transmitted with data symbolgroup #2 are different in coding compressibility of a video/audio, butmay be the same “video/audio.” In this way, there is an advantage thatthe receiving apparatus can obtain a desired “video/audio” with highquality by a method as simple as selecting “whether to demodulate datasymbol group #1 or demodulate data symbol group #2,” and that since apreamble can be made common in this case, control informationtransmission efficiency can be enhanced.

(However, contrarily, the video/audio to be transmitted with data symbolgroup #1 and the video/audio to be transmitted with data symbol #2 maybe different).

Moreover, it becomes easy to make the transmitting method fortransmitting data symbol group #1 the same as a transmitting method fortransmitting data symbol group #2, and to make a transmitting method fortransmitting data symbol group #3 different from the transmitting methodfor transmitting data symbol group #1 (the transmitting method fortransmitting data symbol group #2).

(Although described below, a pilot symbol is inserted to a data symbolgroup. In this case, a pilot symbol inserting method is different pertransmitting method (since a number of modulated signals to betransmitted may be different). Consequently, when a data symbol group isgathered per transmitting method, there is a possibility that a decreasein transmission efficiency owing to insertion of the pilot symbol can beprevented).

Next, FIG. 6 will be described. FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a fifthframe configuration. In FIG. 6, a vertical axis indicates a frequency,and a horizontal axis indicates time. Then, since a transmitting methodusing a multi-carrier such as an OFDM method is used, there is aplurality of carriers on the vertical axis frequency. Note that elementsoperating in the same way as in FIGS. 2 and 4 are assigned the samereference numerals in FIG. 6, and operate in the same way as in FIGS. 2and 4.

Characteristic points in FIG. 6 are such that, as with FIGS. 4 and 5,data symbol group #1 and data symbol group #2 are subjected to frequencydivision, and that in addition, “data symbol group #1 (401_1) and datasymbol group #2 (402)” and “data symbol group #3 (403)” are subjected totemporal division. That is, data symbol groups are transmitted by usingfrequency division and temporal division in combination.

In addition, characteristic points in FIG. 6 are such that a pilotsymbol is inserted (temporarily) between “data symbol groups #1 (401_1and 401_2) and data symbol #2 (402)” and data symbol group #3 (403).

In such a case, for example, a video/audio to be transmitted with datasymbol group #1 and a video/audio to be transmitted with data symbolgroup #2 are different in coding compressibility of a video/audio, butmay be the same “video/audio.” In this way, there is an advantage thatthe receiving apparatus can obtain a desired “video/audio” with highquality by a method as simple as selecting “whether to demodulate datasymbol group #1 or demodulate data symbol group #2,” and that since apreamble can be made common in this case, control informationtransmission efficiency can be enhanced.

(However, contrarily, the video/audio to be transmitted with data symbolgroup #1 and the video/audio to be transmitted with data symbol #2 maybe different).

Moreover, it becomes easy to make the transmitting method fortransmitting data symbol group #1 the same as a transmitting method fortransmitting data symbol group #2, and to make a transmitting method fortransmitting data symbol group #3 different from the transmitting methodfor transmitting data symbol group #1 (the transmitting method fortransmitting data symbol group #2).

(Although described below, a pilot symbol is inserted to a data symbolgroup. In this case, a pilot symbol inserting method is different pertransmitting method. Consequently (since a number of modulated signalsto be transmitted may be different), when a data symbol group isgathered per transmitting method, there is a possibility that a decreasein transmission efficiency owing to insertion of the pilot symbol can beprevented).

Note that in the case of the MISO method or the MIMO method, a pilotsymbol is inserted to each modulated signal to be transmitted from eachtransmitting antenna.

Then, the insertion of pilot symbol 601 as illustrated in FIG. 6 makesit possible for the receiving apparatus to perform highly precisechannel estimation for wave detection and demodulation of each datasymbol group. Moreover, when methods for transmitting data symbols areswitched, the receiving apparatus needs to adjust a gain of a receivedsignal suitable for the transmitting apparatus. However, it is possibleto obtain an advantage that the gain can be adjusted easily by pilotsymbol 601.

Note that in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, for example, a video/audio to betransmitted with data symbol group #1 and a video/audio to betransmitted with data symbol group #2 are different in codingcompressibility of a video/audio, but may be the same “video/audio.” Inthis way, there is an advantage that the receiving apparatus can obtaina desired “video/audio” with high quality by a method as simple asselecting “whether to demodulate data symbol group #1 or demodulate datasymbol group #2,” and that since a preamble can be made common in thiscase, control information transmission efficiency can be enhanced(however, contrarily, the video/audio to be transmitted with data symbolgroup #1 and the video/audio to be transmitted with data symbol #2 maybe different).

FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 illustrate the examples where a data symbol groupsubjected to time division is arranged after a data symbol groupsubjected to frequency division. However, the arrangement is not limitedto this arrangement. The data symbol group subjected to frequencydivision may be arranged after the data symbol group subjected to timedivision. In this case, in the example in FIG. 5, the first preamble andthe second preamble are inserted between the data symbol group subjectedto time division and the data symbol group subjected to frequencydivision. (However, symbols other than the first preamble and the secondpreamble may be inserted.) Then, in the example in FIG. 6, the pilotsymbol is inserted between the data symbol group subjected to timedivision and the data symbol group subjected to frequency division(however, symbols other than the pilot symbol may be inserted).

Characteristic points of the present exemplary embodiment will bedescribed.

As described above, the frame configurations in FIGS. 2 to 6 haverespective advantages. Hence, the transmitting apparatus selects any ofthe frame configurations in FIGS. 2 to 6 according to compressibilityand a type of data (stream), a transmitting method combining method anda method of service to be provided to a terminal, and transmits symbolssuch as control information, pilot symbols and data symbols.

In order to realize the above, the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) mayincorporate “information related to a frame configuration” fortransmitting information related to a frame configuration to thereceiving apparatus (terminal) in the first preamble or the secondpreamble.

For example, in a case where the transmitting apparatus transmits amodulated signal with the frame configuration in FIG. 2 when three bitsof v0, v1 and v2 are allocated as the “information related to the frameconfiguration,” the transmitting apparatus sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 0,0) and transmits the “information related to the frame configuration.”

When the transmitting apparatus transmits a modulated signal with theframe configuration in FIG. 3, the transmitting apparatus sets (v0, v1,v2) to (0, 0, 1) and transmits the “information related to the frameconfiguration.”

When the transmitting apparatus transmits a modulated signal with theframe configuration in FIG. 4, the transmitting apparatus sets (v0, v1,v2) to (0, 1, 0) and transmits the “information related to the frameconfiguration.”

When the transmitting apparatus transmits a modulated signal with theframe configuration in FIG. 5, the transmitting apparatus sets (v0, v1,v2) to (0, 1, 1) and transmits the “information related to the frameconfiguration.”

When the transmitting apparatus transmits a modulated signal with theframe configuration in FIG. 5, the transmitting apparatus sets (v0, v1,v2) to (1, 0, 0) and transmits the “information related to the frameconfiguration.”

Then, the receiving apparatus can learn an outline of a frameconfiguration of a modulated signal transmitted by the transmittingapparatus, from the “information related to the frame configuration.”

As described above, the data symbol group is a symbol of any of the SISO(or SIMO) method, the MISO method and the MIMO method. The MISO methodand the MIMO method will be described in particular below.

The MISO (transmitting) method using space time block codes (spacefrequency block codes) will be described.

A configuration in a case where signal processor 112 in FIG. 1 performsa transmitting method using space time block codes will be describedwith reference to FIG. 7.

Mapper 702 receives an input of data signal (data obtained after errorcorrection coding) 701 and control signal 706. Mapper 702 performsmapping based on information contained in control signal 706 and relatedto a modulating method. Mapper 702 outputs signal 703 obtained after themapping. For example, signal 703 obtained after the mapping is arrangedin order of s0, s1, s2, s3, . . . , s(2i), s(2i+1), . . . (i is aninteger equal to or more than 0).

MISO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) processor 704 receives an input ofsignal 703 obtained after the mapping and control signal 706. MISOprocessor 704 outputs signals 705A and 705B obtained after MISOprocessing in a case where control signal 706 instructs transmission bythe MISO method. For example, signal 705A obtained after the MISOprocessing is of s0, s1, s2, s3, s(2i), s(2i+1), . . . , and signal 705Bobtained after the MISO processing is of −s1*, s0*, −s3*, s2* . . . ,−s(2i+1)*, s(2i)*, . . . . Note that “*” means a complex conjugate (forexample, s0* is a complex conjugate of s0).

In this case, signals 705A and 705B obtained after the MISO processingcorrespond to modulated signal 1 (113_1) obtained after signalprocessing in FIG. 1, and modulated signal 2 (113_2) obtained aftersignal processing, respectively. Note that a method of space time blockcodes is not limited to the above.

Then, modulated signal 1 (113_1) obtained after the signal processing issubjected to predetermined processing, and is transmitted as a radiowave from antenna 126_1. Moreover, modulated signal 1 (113_2) obtainedafter the signal processing is subjected to predetermined processing,and is transmitted as a radio wave from antenna 126_2.

FIG. 8 is a configuration in a case where a transmitting method usingspace time block codes different from the configuration in FIG. 7 isperformed.

Mapper 702 receives an input of data signal (data obtained after errorcorrection coding) 701 and control signal 706. Mapper 702 performsmapping based on information contained in control signal 706 and relatedto a modulating method. Mapper 702 outputs signal 703 obtained after themapping. For example, signal 703 obtained after the mapping is arrangedin order of s0, s1, s2, s3, . . . , s(2i), s(2i+1), (i is an integerequal to or more than 0).

MISO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) processor 704 receives an input ofsignal 703 obtained after the mapping and control signal 706. MISOprocessor 704 outputs signals 705A and 705B obtained after MISOprocessing in a case where control signal 706 instructs transmission bythe MISO method. For example, signal 705A obtained after the MISOprocessing is of s0, −s1*, s2, −s3*, s(2i), −s(2i+1)*, . . . , andsignal 705B obtained after the MISO processing is of s1, s0*, s3, s2* .. . , s(2i+1), s(2i)*, . . . . Note that “*” means a complex conjugate(for example, s0* is a complex conjugate of s0).

In this case, signals 705A and 705B obtained after the MISO processingcorrespond to modulated signal 1 (113_1) obtained after signalprocessing in FIG. 1, and modulated signal 2 (113_2) obtained aftersignal processing, respectively. Note that a method of space time blockcodes is not limited to the above.

Then, modulated signal 1 (113_1) obtained after the signal processing issubjected to predetermined processing, and is transmitted as a radiowave from antenna 126_1. Moreover, modulated signal 1 (113_2) obtainedafter the signal processing is subjected to predetermined processing,and is transmitted as a radio wave from antenna 126_2.

Next, an MIMO method to which precoding, phase change and power changeare applied will be described as an example of the MIMO method (however,the method for transmitting a plurality of streams from a plurality ofantennas is not limited to this method, and the present exemplaryembodiment can also be carried out by another method).

A configuration in a case where signal processor 112 in FIG. 1 performsa transmitting method using the MIMO method will be described withreference to FIGS. 9 to 17.

Encoder 1102 in FIG. 9 receives an input of information 1101, andcontrol signal 1112. Encoder 1102 performs encoding based on informationof a coding rate and a code length (block length) contained in controlsignal 1112. Encoder 1102 outputs encoded data 1103.

Mapper 1104 receives an input of encoded data 1103, and control signal1112. Then, it is assumed that control signal 1112 specifiestransmission of two streams as a transmitting method. In addition, it isassumed that control signal 1112 specifies modulating method α andmodulating method β as modulating methods of the two streams,respectively. Note that modulating method α is a modulating method formodulating x-bit data, and modulating method β is a modulating methodfor modulating y-bit data (for example, the modulating method is amodulating method for modulating 4-bit data in a case of 16QAM (16.Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), and a modulating method for modulating6-bit data in a case of 64QAM (64. Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)).

Then, mapper 1104 modulates the x-bit data of x+y-bit data by modulatingmethod α, generates and outputs baseband signal s₁(t) (1105A), and alsomodulates the remaining y-bit data by modulating method β, and outputsbaseband signal s₂(t) (1105B) (note that FIG. 9 illustrates one mapper,but as another configuration, there may separately be a mapper forgenerating s₁(t) and a mapper for generating s₂(t). In this case,encoded data 1103 is sorted to the mapper for generating s₁(t) and themapper for generating s₂(t)).

Note that s₁(t) and s₂(t) are expressed by complex numbers (however,s₁(t) and s₂(t) may be any of complex numbers and actual numbers), and trepresents time. Note that when a transmitting method usingmulti-carriers such as OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)is used, each of s₁ and s₂ can also be considered as a function offrequency f like s₁(f) and s₂(f) or as a function of time t andfrequency f like s₁(t, f) and s₂(t, f).

A baseband signal, a precoding matrix, phase change and the like will bedescribed below as a function of time t, but may be considered as afunction of frequency f and a function of time t and frequency f.

Hence, there is also a case where a baseband signal, a precoding matrix,phase change and the like are described as a function of symbol numberi. However, in this case, a baseband signal, a precoding matrix, phasechange and the like only need to be considered as a function of time t,a function of frequency f and a function of time t and frequency f. Thatis, a symbol and a baseband signal may be generated and arranged in atime axis direction, and may be generated and arranged in a frequencyaxis direction. Moreover, a symbol and a baseband signal may begenerated and arranged in the time axis direction and the frequency axisdirection.

Power changer 1106A (power adjuster 1106A) receives an input of basebandsignal s₁(t) (1105A), and control signal 1112. Power changer 1106A setsactual number P₁ based on control signal 1112. Power changer 1106Aoutputs P₁×s₁(t) as signal 1107A obtained after power change (note thatP₁ is assumed to be an actual number, but may be a complex number).

Similarly, power changer 1106B (power adjuster 1106B) receives an inputof baseband signal s₂(t) (1105B), and control signal 512. Power changer1106B sets actual number P₂. Power changer 11066 outputs P₂×s₂(t) assignal 11076 obtained after power change (note that P₂ is assumed to bean actual number, but may be a complex number).

Weighting synthesizer 1108 receives an input of signal 1107A obtainedafter the power change, signal 11076 obtained after the power change,and control signal 1112. Weighting synthesizer 1108 sets precodingmatrix F (or F(i)) based on control signal 1112. Weighting synthesizer1108 performs the following arithmetic operation, assuming that a slotnumber (symbol number) is i.

$\begin{matrix}\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 1} \right\rbrack & \; \\\begin{matrix}{\begin{pmatrix}{u_{1}(i)} \\{u_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {F\begin{pmatrix}{P_{1} \times {s_{1}(i)}} \\{P_{2} \times {s_{2}(i)}}\end{pmatrix}}} \\{= {\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{P_{1} \times {s_{1}(i)}} \\{P_{2} \times {s_{2}(i)}}\end{pmatrix}}} \\{= {\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}\end{matrix} & (1)\end{matrix}$

Here, a(i), b(i), c(i) and d(i) can be expressed by complex numbers (ormay be actual numbers), and three or more of a(i), b(i), c(i) and d(i)should not be 0 (zero). Note that a precoding matrix may be a functionof i or may not be the function of i. Then, when a precoding matrix isthe function of i, the precoding matrices are switched according to aslot number (symbol number).

Then, weighting synthesizer 1108 outputs u₁(i) in equation (1) as signal1109A obtained after weighting synthesis. Weighting synthesizer 1108outputs u₂(i) in equation (1) as signal 1109B obtained after theweighting synthesis.

Power changer 1110A receives an input of signal 1109A (u₁(i)) obtainedafter the weighting synthesis, and control signal 512. Power changer1110A sets actual number Q₁ based on control signal 1112. Power changer1110A outputs Q₁×u₁(t) as signal 1111A (z₁(i)) obtained after powerchange (note that Q₁ is assumed to be an actual number, but may be acomplex number).

Similarly, power changer 1110B receives an input of signal 1109B (u₂(i))obtained after the weighting synthesis, and control signal 1112. Powerchanger 1110B sets actual number Q₂ based on control signal 512. Powerchanger 1110B outputs Q₂×u₂(t) as signal 1111B (z₂(i)) obtained afterthe power change (note that Q₂ is assumed to be an actual number, butmay be a complex number).

Hence, the following equation holds.

$\begin{matrix}\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 2} \right\rbrack & \; \\\begin{matrix}{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}{P_{1} \times {s_{1}(i)}} \\{P_{2} \times {s_{2}(i)}}\end{pmatrix}}}} \\{= {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{P_{1} \times {s_{1}(i)}} \\{P_{2} \times {s_{2}(i)}}\end{pmatrix}}} \\{= {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}\end{matrix} & (2)\end{matrix}$

Next, a method for transmitting two streams different from thetransmitting method in FIG. 9 will be described with reference to FIG.10. Note that elements operating in the same way as in FIG. 9 areassigned the same reference numerals in FIG. 10.

Phase changer 1161 receives an input of signal 1109B obtained afterweighting synthesis of u₂(i) in equation (1), and control signal 1112.Phase changer 1161 changes a phase of signal 1109B obtained after theweighting synthesis of u₂(i) in equation (1) based on control signal1112. Hence, a signal obtained after the phase change of signal 1109Bobtained after the weighting synthesis of u₂(i) in equation (1) isexpressed by e^(jθ(i))×u₂(i). Phase changer 1161 outputs e^(jθ(i))×u₂(i)as signal 1162 obtained after the phase change (j is a unit of animaginary number). Note that a value of a phase to be changed is aportion characterized by being the function of i like θ(i).

Then, power changers 1110A and 11106 in FIG. 10 each perform powerchange of an input signal. Hence, output z₁(i) and output z₂(i) ofrespective power changers 1110A and 11106 in FIG. 10 are expressed bythe following equation.

$\begin{matrix}\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 3} \right\rbrack & \; \\\begin{matrix}{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}{P_{1} \times {s_{1}(i)}} \\{P_{2} \times {s_{2}(i)}}\end{pmatrix}}}} \\{= {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{P_{1} \times {s_{1}(i)}} \\{P_{2} \times {s_{2}(i)}}\end{pmatrix}}} \\{= {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}\end{matrix} & (3)\end{matrix}$

Note that as a method for realizing equation (3), there is FIG. 11 as aconfiguration different from the configuration in FIG. 10. A differencebetween FIGS. 10 and 11 is that the power changer and the phase changersare switched in order. (Functions themselves of changing power andchanging phases are not changed.) In this case, z₁(i) and z₂(i) areexpressed by the following equation.

$\begin{matrix}\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 4} \right\rbrack & \; \\\begin{matrix}{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}{P_{1} \times {s_{1}(i)}} \\{P_{2} \times {s_{2}(i)}}\end{pmatrix}}}} \\{= {\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{P_{1} \times {s_{1}(i)}} \\{P_{2} \times {s_{2}(i)}}\end{pmatrix}}} \\{= {\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}\end{matrix} & (4)\end{matrix}$

When value θ(i) of a phase to be changed in equation (3) and equation(4) is set such that, for example, θ(i+1)−θ(i) is a fixed value, thereceiving apparatus is highly likely to obtain good data receptionquality in radio wave propagation environment in which a direct wave isdominant. However, how to give value θ(i) of a phase to be changed isnot limited to this example.

The case where there are some of (or all of) the power changers isdescribed as an example with reference to FIGS. 9 to 11. However, therecan also be considered a case where some of the power changers do notexist.

For example, when there are neither power changer 1106A (power adjuster1106A) nor power changer 1106B (power adjuster 1106B) in FIG. 9, z₁(i)and z₂(i) are expressed as follows.

$\begin{matrix}\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 5} \right\rbrack & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} & (5)\end{matrix}$

Moreover, when there are neither power changer 1110A (power adjuster1110A) nor power changer 11106 (power adjuster 11106) in FIG. 9, z₁(i)and z₂(i) are expressed as follows.

$\begin{matrix}\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 6} \right\rbrack & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} & (6)\end{matrix}$

Moreover, when there are neither power changer 1106A (power adjuster1106A), nor power changer 1106B (power adjuster 1106B), nor powerchanger 1110A (power adjuster 1110A) nor power changer 1110B (poweradjuster 11108) in FIG. 9, z₁(i) and z₂(i) are expressed as follows.

$\begin{matrix}\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 7} \right\rbrack & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} & (7)\end{matrix}$

Moreover, when there are neither power changer 1106A (power adjuster1106A) nor power changer 1106B (power adjuster 1106B) in FIG. 10 or 11,z₁(i) and z₂(i) are expressed as follows.

$\begin{matrix}\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 8} \right\rbrack & \; \\\begin{matrix}{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} \\{= {\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}\end{matrix} & (8)\end{matrix}$

Moreover, when there are neither power changer 1110A (power adjuster1110A) nor power changer 1110E (power adjuster 11108) in FIG. 10 or 11,z₁(i) and z₂(i) are expressed as follows.

$\begin{matrix}\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 9} \right\rbrack & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} & (9)\end{matrix}$

Moreover, when there are neither power changer 1106A (power adjuster1106A), nor power changer 1106B (power adjuster 1106B), nor powerchanger 1110A (power adjuster 1110A) nor power changer 11106 (poweradjuster 11106) in FIG. 10 or 11, z₁(i) and z₂(i) are expressed asfollows.

$\begin{matrix}\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 10} \right\rbrack & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} & (10)\end{matrix}$

Next, a method for transmitting two streams different from thetransmitting methods in FIGS. 9 to 11 will be described with referenceto FIG. 12. Note that elements operating in the same way as in FIGS. 9to 11 are assigned the same reference numerals in FIG. 12, and will notbe described.

Characteristic points in FIG. 12 are such that phase changer 1151 isinserted.

Phase changer 1151 receives an input of baseband signal s₂(i) (1105B),and control signal 1112. Phase changer 1151 changes a phase of basebandsignal s₂(i) (1105B) based on control signal 1112. In this case, a phasechange value is e^(jλ(i)) (j is a unit of an imaginary number). Notethat a value of a phase to be changed is a portion characterized bybeing a function of i like λ(i).

Then, as considered in the same way as equation (1) to equation (10),z₁(i) and z₂(i) which are output signals in FIG. 12 are expressed by thefollowing equation.

    [Equation  11]                                           (11)$\begin{matrix}{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\lambda{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} \\{= {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\lambda{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}\end{matrix}$

Note that as a method for realizing equation (11), there is aconfiguration of switching power changer 1106B and phase changer 1151 inorder as a configuration different from the configuration in FIG. 12.(Functions themselves of changing power and changing phases are notchanged.) In this case, z₁(i) and z₂(i) are expressed by the followingequation.

    [Equation  12]                                           (12)$\begin{matrix}{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\lambda{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} \\{= {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\lambda{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}\end{matrix}$

As a matter of course, z₁(i) of equation (11) and z₁(i) of equation (12)are equal, and z₂(i) of equation (11) and z₂(i) of equation (12) areequal.

FIG. 13 is another configuration which can realize the same processingas the processing in FIG. 12. Note that elements operating in the sameway as in FIGS. 9 to 12 are assigned the same reference numerals in FIG.13, and will not be described. Then, a difference between FIGS. 12 and13 is that order in which power changer 11106 and phase changer 1161 areswitched in FIG. 12 is order in FIG. 13 (functions themselves ofchanging power and changing phases are not changed).

Then, as considered in the same way as equation (1) to equation (12),z₁(i) and z₂(i) which are output signals in FIG. 13 are expressed by thefollowing equation.

     [Equation  13]                                           (13)$\begin{matrix}{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\lambda{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} \\{= {\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\lambda{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}\end{matrix}$

Note that as a method for realizing equation (13), there is aconfiguration of switching power changer 1106B and phase changer 1151 inorder as a configuration different from the configuration in FIG. 13.(Functions themselves of changing power and changing phases are notchanged). In this case, z₁(i) and z₂(i) are expressed by the followingequation.

     [Equation  14]                                           (14)$\begin{matrix}{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\lambda{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} \\{= {\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\lambda{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}\end{matrix}$

As a matter of course, z₁(i) of equation (11), z₁(i) of equation (12),z₁(i) of equation (13) and z₁(i) of equation (14) are equal, and z₂(i)of equation (11), z₂(i) of equation (12), z₂(i) of equation (13) andz₂(i) of equation (14) are equal.

Next, a method for transmitting two streams different from thetransmitting methods in FIGS. 9 to 13 will be described with referenceto FIG. 14. Note that elements operating in the same way as in FIGS. 9to 13 are assigned the same reference numerals in FIG. 14, and will notbe described.

Characteristic points in FIG. 14 are such that phase changer 1181 andphase changer 1151 are inserted.

Phase changer 1151 receives an input of baseband signal s₂(i) (1105B),and control signal 1112. Phase changer 1151 changes a phase of basebandsignal s₂(i) (1105B) based on control signal 1112. In this case, a phasechange value is e^(jλ(i)) (j is a unit of an imaginary number). Notethat a value of a phase to be changed is a portion characterized bybeing a function of i like λ(i).

Moreover, phase changer 1181 receives an input of baseband signal s₁(i)(1105A), and control signal 1112. Phase changer 1181 changes a phase ofbaseband signal s₁(i) (1105A) based on control signal 1112. In thiscase, a phase change value is e^(jδ(i)) (j is a unit of an imaginarynumber). Note that a value of a phase to be changed is a portioncharacterized by being a function of i like δ(i).

Then, as considered in the same way as equation (1) to equation (14),z₁(i) and z₂(i) which are output signals in FIG. 14 are expressed by thefollowing equation.

     [Equation  15]                                           (15)$\begin{matrix}{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;{\delta{(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\lambda{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} \\{= {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;{\delta{(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\lambda{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}\end{matrix}$

Note that as a method for realizing equation (15), there is aconfiguration of switching power changer 1106B and phase changer 1151 inorder and of switching power changer 1106A and phase changer 1181 inorder as a configuration different from the configuration in FIG. 14.(Functions themselves of changing power and changing phases are notchanged). In this case, z₁(i) and z₂(i) are expressed by the followingequation.

     [Equation  16]                                           (16)$\begin{matrix}{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;{\delta{(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\lambda{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} \\{= {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;{\delta{(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\lambda{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}\end{matrix}$

As a matter of course, z₁(i) of equation (15) and z₁(i) of equation (16)are equal, and z₂(i) of equation (15) and z₂(i) of equation (16) areequal.

FIG. 15 is another configuration which can realize the same processingas the processing in FIG. 14. Note that elements operating in the sameway as in FIGS. 9 to 14 are assigned the same reference numerals in FIG.15, and will not be described. Then, a difference between FIGS. 14 and15 is that order in which power changer 11106 and phase changer 1161 areswitched in FIG. 14 is order in FIG. 15 (functions themselves ofchanging power and changing phases are not changed).

Then, as considered in the same way as equation (1) to equation (16),z₁(i) and z₂(i) which are output signals in FIG. 15 are expressed by thefollowing equation.

$\begin{matrix}{\mspace{79mu}\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 17} \right\rbrack} & \; \\\begin{matrix}{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;{\delta{(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\lambda{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} \\{= {\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;{\delta{(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\lambda{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}}} \\{\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}\end{matrix} & (17)\end{matrix}$

Note that as a method for realizing equation (17), there is aconfiguration of switching power changer 1106B and phase changer 1151 inorder and of switching power changer 1106A and phase changer 1181 inorder as a configuration different from the configuration in FIG. 15.(Functions themselves of changing power and changing phases are notchanged.) In this case, z₁(i) and z₂(i) are expressed by the followingequation.

$\begin{matrix}{\mspace{79mu}\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 18} \right\rbrack} & \; \\\begin{matrix}{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;{\delta{(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\lambda{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} \\{= {\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;{\delta{(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\lambda{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}}} \\{\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}\end{matrix} & (18)\end{matrix}$

As a matter of course, z₁(i) of equation (15), z₁(i) of equation (16),z₁(i) of equation (17) and z₁(i) of equation (18) are equal, and z₂(i)of equation (15), z₂(i) of equation (16), z₂(i) of equation (17) andz₂(i) of equation (18) are equal.

Next, a method for transmitting two streams different from thetransmitting methods in FIGS. 9 to 15 will be described with referenceto FIG. 16. Note that elements operating in the same way as in FIGS. 9to 15 are assigned the same reference numerals in FIG. 16, and will notbe described.

Characteristic points in FIG. 16 are such that phase changer 1181, phasechanger 1151, phase changer 1110A and phase changer 11106 are inserted.

Phase changer 1151 receives an input of baseband signal s₂(i) (1105B),and control signal 1112. Phase changer 1151 changes a phase of basebandsignal s₂(i) (1105B) based on control signal 1112. In this case, a phasechange value is e^(jλ(i)) (j is a unit of an imaginary number). Notethat a value of a phase to be changed is a portion characterized bybeing a function of i like λ(i).

Moreover, phase changer 1181 receives an input of baseband signal s₁(i)(1105A), and control signal 1112. Phase changer 1181 changes a phase ofbaseband signal s₁(i) (1105A) based on control signal 1112. In thiscase, a phase change value is e^(jδ(i)) (j is a unit of an imaginarynumber). Note that a value of a phase to be changed is a portioncharacterized by being a function of i like δ(i).

Phase changer 1161 performs phase change on an input signal. A phasechange value in this case is θ(i). Similarly, phase changer 1191performs phase change on an input signal. A phase change value in thiscase is ω(i).

Then, as considered in the same way as equation (1) to equation (18),z₁(i) and z₂(i) which are output signals in FIG. 16 are expressed by thefollowing equation.

$\begin{matrix}{\mspace{79mu}\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 19} \right\rbrack} & \; \\\begin{matrix}{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;{\omega{(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;{\delta{(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\lambda{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} \\{= {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;{\omega{(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}}} \\{\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;{\delta{(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\lambda{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}\end{matrix} & (19)\end{matrix}$

Note that as a method for realizing equation (19), there is aconfiguration of switching power changer 1106B and phase changer 1151 inorder and of switching power changer 1106A and phase changer 1181 inorder as a configuration different from the configuration in FIG. 16.(Functions themselves of changing power and changing phases are notchanged.) In this case, z₁(i) and z₂(i) are expressed by the followingequation.

$\begin{matrix}{\mspace{79mu}\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 20} \right\rbrack} & \; \\\begin{matrix}{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;{\omega{(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;{\delta{(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\lambda{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} \\{= {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;{\omega{(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;{\delta{(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\lambda{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}}} \\{\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}\end{matrix} & (20)\end{matrix}$

As a matter of course, z₁(i) of equation (19) and z₁(i) of equation (20)are equal, and z₂(i) of equation (19) and z₂(i) of equation (20) areequal.

FIG. 17 is another configuration which can realize the same processingas the processing in FIG. 16. Note that elements operating in the sameway as in FIGS. 9 to 16 are assigned the same reference numerals in FIG.17, and will not be described. Then, a difference between FIGS. 16 and17 is that order in which power changer 11106 and phase changer 1161 areswitched in FIG. 14 and order in which power changer 1110A and phasechanger 1191 are switched in FIG. 14 are order in FIG. 17 (functionsthemselves of changing power and changing phases are not changed).

Then, as considered in the same way as equation (1) to equation (20),z₁(i) and z₂(i) which are output signals in FIG. 17 are expressed by thefollowing equation.

$\begin{matrix}{\mspace{79mu}\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 21} \right\rbrack} & \; \\\begin{matrix}{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;{\omega{(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;{\delta{(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\lambda{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} \\{= {\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;{\omega{(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}}} \\{\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;{\delta{(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\lambda{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}\end{matrix} & (21)\end{matrix}$

Note that as a method for realizing equation (21), there is aconfiguration of switching power changer 1106B and phase changer 1151 inorder and of switching power changer 1106A and phase changer 1181 inorder as a configuration different from the configuration in FIG. 17.(Functions themselves of changing power and changing phases are notchanged.) In this case, z₁(i) and z₂(i) are expressed by the followingequation.

$\begin{matrix}{\mspace{79mu}\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 22} \right\rbrack} & \; \\\begin{matrix}{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;{\omega{(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;{\delta{(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\lambda{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} \\{= {\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;{\omega{(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{a(i)} & {b(i)} \\{c(i)} & {d(i)}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;{\delta{(i)}}} & 0 \\0 & e^{j\;{\lambda{(i)}}}\end{pmatrix}}} \\{\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}\end{matrix} & (22)\end{matrix}$

As a matter of course, z₁(i) of equation (19), z₁(i) of equation (20),z₁(i) of equation (21) and z₁(i) of equation (22) are equal, and z₂(i)of equation (19), z₂(i) of equation (20), z₂(i) of equation (21) andz₂(i) of equation (22) are equal.

Matrix F for weighting synthesis (precoding) is described above.However, each exemplary embodiment herein can also be carried out byusing precoding matrix F (or F(i)) described below.

$\begin{matrix}\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 23} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times e^{j\;\theta}} & {\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\;\theta}} \\{\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\;\theta}} & {\beta \times e^{j\;\pi}}\end{pmatrix}}{or}} & (23) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 24} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{F = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{\alpha^{2} + 1}}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;\theta} & {\alpha \times e^{j\;\theta}} \\{\alpha \times e^{j\;\theta}} & e^{j\;\pi}\end{pmatrix}}}{or}} & (24) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 25} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times e^{j\;\theta}} & {\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\;\pi}} \\{\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\;\theta}} & {\beta \times e^{j\;\theta}}\end{pmatrix}}{or}} & (25) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 26} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{F = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{\alpha^{2} + 1}}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;\theta} & {\alpha \times e^{j\;\pi}} \\{\alpha \times e^{j\;\theta}} & e^{j\;\theta}\end{pmatrix}}}{or}} & (26) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 27} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\;\theta}} & {\beta \times e^{j\;\pi}} \\{\beta \times e^{j\;\theta}} & {\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\;\theta}}\end{pmatrix}}{or}} & (27) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 28} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{F = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{\alpha^{2} + 1}}\begin{pmatrix}{\alpha \times e^{j\;\theta}} & e^{j\;\pi} \\e^{j\;\theta} & {\alpha \times e^{j\;\theta}}\end{pmatrix}}}{or}} & (28) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 29} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\;\theta}} & {\beta \times e^{j\;\theta}} \\{\beta \times e^{j\;\theta}} & {\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\;\pi}}\end{pmatrix}}{or}} & (29) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 30} \right\rbrack & \; \\{F = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{\alpha^{2} + 1}}\begin{pmatrix}{\alpha \times e^{j\;\theta}} & e^{j\;\theta} \\e^{j\;\theta} & {\alpha \times e^{j\;\pi}}\end{pmatrix}}} & (30)\end{matrix}$

Note that in equation (23), equation (24), equation (25), equation (26),equation (27), equation (28), equation (29), and equation (30), a may bean actual number or may be an imaginary number, and β may be an actualnumber or may be an imaginary number. However, α is not 0 (zero). Then,β is not 0 (zero), either.

Alternatively

$\begin{matrix}\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 31} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times \cos\;\theta} & {\beta \times \sin\;\theta} \\{\beta \times \sin\;\theta} & {{- \beta} \times \cos\;\theta}\end{pmatrix}}{or}} & (31) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 32} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\cos\;\theta} & {\sin\;\theta} \\{\sin\;\theta} & {{- \cos}\;\theta}\end{pmatrix}}{or}} & (32) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 33} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times \cos\;\theta} & {{- \beta} \times \sin\;\theta} \\{\beta \times \sin\;\theta} & {\beta \times \cos\;\theta}\end{pmatrix}}{or}} & (33) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 34} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\cos\;\theta} & {{- \sin}\;\theta} \\{\sin\;\theta} & {\cos\;\theta}\end{pmatrix}}{or}} & (34) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 35} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times \sin\;\theta} & {{- \beta} \times \cos\;\theta} \\{\beta \times \cos\;\theta} & {\beta \times \sin\;\theta}\end{pmatrix}}{or}} & (35) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 36} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\sin\;\theta} & {{- \cos}\;\theta} \\{\cos\;\theta} & {\sin\;\theta}\end{pmatrix}}{or}} & (36) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 37} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times \sin\;\theta} & {\beta \times \cos\;\theta} \\{\beta \times \cos\;\theta} & {{- \beta} \times \sin\;\theta}\end{pmatrix}}{or}} & (37) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 38} \right\rbrack & \; \\{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\sin\;\theta} & {\cos\;\theta} \\{\cos\;\theta} & {{- \sin}\;\theta}\end{pmatrix}} & (38)\end{matrix}$

Note that in equation (31), equation (33), equation (35) and equation(37), β may be an actual number or may be an imaginary number. However,β is not 0 (zero).

Alternatively

$\begin{matrix}\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 39} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{{F(i)} = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times e^{j\;{\theta_{11}{(i)}}}} & {\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j{({{\theta_{11}{(i)}} + \lambda})}}} \\{\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\;{\theta_{21}{(i)}}}} & {\beta \times e^{j{({{\theta_{21}{(i)}} + \lambda + \pi})}}}\end{pmatrix}}{or}} & (39) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 40} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{{F(i)} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{\alpha^{2} + 1}}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;{\theta_{11}{(i)}}} & {\alpha \times e^{j{({{\theta_{11}{(i)}} + \lambda})}}} \\{\alpha \times e^{j\;{\theta_{21}{(i)}}}} & e^{j{({{\theta_{21}{(i)}} + \lambda + \pi})}}\end{pmatrix}}}{or}} & (40) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 41} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{{F(i)} = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\;{\theta_{21}{(i)}}}} & {\beta \times e^{j{({{\theta_{21}{(i)}} + \lambda + \pi})}}} \\{\beta \times e^{j\;{\theta_{11}{(i)}}}} & {\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j{({{\theta_{11}{(i)}} + \lambda})}}}\end{pmatrix}}{or}} & (41) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 42} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{{F(i)} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{\alpha^{2} + 1}}\begin{pmatrix}{\alpha \times e^{j\;{\theta_{21}{(i)}}}} & e^{j{({{\theta_{21}{(i)}} + \lambda + \pi})}} \\e^{j\;{\theta_{11}{(i)}}} & {\alpha \times e^{j{({{\theta_{11}{(i)}} + \lambda})}}}\end{pmatrix}}}{or}} & (42) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 43} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{{F(i)} = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times e^{j\;\theta_{11}}} & {\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j{({\theta_{11} + {\lambda{(i)}}})}}} \\{\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\;\theta_{21}}} & {\beta \times e^{j{({\theta_{21} + {\lambda{(i)}} + \pi})}}}\end{pmatrix}}{or}} & (43) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 44} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{{F(i)} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{\alpha^{2} + 1}}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;\theta_{11}} & {\alpha \times e^{j{({\theta_{11} + {\lambda{(i)}}})}}} \\{\alpha \times e^{j\;\theta_{21}}} & e^{j{({\theta_{21} + {\lambda{(i)}} + \pi})}}\end{pmatrix}}}{or}} & (44) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 45} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{{F(i)} = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\;\theta_{21}}} & {\beta \times e^{j{({\theta_{21} + {\lambda{(i)}} + \pi})}}} \\{\beta \times e^{j\;\theta_{11}}} & {\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j{({\theta_{11} + {\lambda{(i)}}})}}}\end{pmatrix}}{or}} & (45) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 46} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{{F(i)} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{\alpha^{2} + 1}}\begin{pmatrix}{\alpha \times e^{j\;\theta_{21}}} & e^{j{({\theta_{21} + {\lambda{(i)}} + \pi})}} \\e^{j\;\theta_{11}} & {\alpha \times e^{j{({\theta_{11} + {\lambda{(i)}}})}}}\end{pmatrix}}}{or}} & (46) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 47} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times e^{j\;\theta_{11}}} & {\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j{({\theta_{11} + \lambda})}}} \\{\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\;\theta_{21}}} & {\beta \times e^{j{({\theta_{21} + \lambda + \pi})}}}\end{pmatrix}}{or}} & (47) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 48} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{F = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{\alpha^{2} + 1}}\begin{pmatrix}e^{j\;\theta_{11}} & {\alpha \times e^{j{({\theta_{11} + \lambda})}}} \\{\alpha \times e^{j\;\theta_{21}}} & e^{j{({\theta_{21} + \lambda + \pi})}}\end{pmatrix}}}{or}} & (48) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 49} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{F = \begin{pmatrix}{\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j\;\theta_{21}}} & {\beta \times e^{j{({\theta_{21} + \lambda + \pi})}}} \\{\beta \times e^{j\;\theta_{11}}} & {\beta \times \alpha \times e^{j{({\theta_{11} + \lambda})}}}\end{pmatrix}}{or}} & (49) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 50} \right\rbrack & \; \\{F = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{\alpha^{2} + 1}}\begin{pmatrix}{\alpha \times e^{j\;\theta_{21}}} & e^{j{({\theta_{21} + \lambda + \pi})}} \\e^{j\;\theta_{11}} & {\alpha \times e^{j{({\theta_{11} + \lambda})}}}\end{pmatrix}}} & (50)\end{matrix}$

Here, each of θ₁₁(i), θ₂₁(i) and λ(i) is a function of i (a function oftime, a function of a frequency or a function of time and a frequency),λ is a fixed value, α may be an actual number or may be an imaginarynumber, and β may be an actual number or may be an imaginary number.However, α is not 0 (zero). Then, β is not 0 (zero), either.

Alternatively

$\begin{matrix}\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 51} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{F = \begin{pmatrix}\beta & 0 \\0 & \beta\end{pmatrix}}{or}} & (51) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 52} \right\rbrack & \; \\{F = \begin{pmatrix}\beta & 0 \\0 & {- \beta}\end{pmatrix}} & (52) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 53} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{F = \begin{pmatrix}\beta & 0 \\0 & {\beta \times e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}}\end{pmatrix}}{or}} & (53) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 54} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{F = \begin{pmatrix}\beta & 0 \\0 & {\beta \times e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}}\end{pmatrix}}{or}} & (54) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 55} \right\rbrack & \; \\{F = \begin{pmatrix}{- \beta} & {\; 0} \\0 & {\beta \times e^{j\;{\theta{(i)}}}}\end{pmatrix}} & (55)\end{matrix}$

Here, θ(i) is a function of i (a function of time, a function of afrequency or a function of time and a frequency), and β may be an actualnumber or may be an imaginary number. However, β is not 0 (zero),either.

Moreover, each exemplary embodiment herein can also be carried out byusing a precoding matrix other than these matrices.

In addition, there may be a method for performing precoding withoutperforming the above-described phase change, to generate a modulatedsignal and transmit the modulated signal from the transmittingapparatus. In this case, there can be considered an example where z₁(i)and z₂(i) are expressed by the following equation.

$\begin{matrix}\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 56} \right\rbrack & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} & (56) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 57} \right\rbrack & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} & (57) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 58} \right\rbrack & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {{F\begin{pmatrix}P_{1} & 0 \\0 & P_{2}\end{pmatrix}}\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} & (58) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 59} \right\rbrack & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}Q_{1} & 0 \\0 & Q_{2}\end{pmatrix}{F\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}}} & (59) \\\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 60} \right\rbrack & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}{z_{1}(i)} \\{z_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix} = {F\begin{pmatrix}{s_{1}(i)} \\{s_{2}(i)}\end{pmatrix}}} & (60)\end{matrix}$

Then, z₁(i) (or z₁(i) of equation (56), z₁(i) of equation (57), z₁(i) ofequation (58), z₁(i) of equation (59) or z₁(i) of equation (60))obtained in FIGS. 9 to 17 corresponds to 113_1 in FIG. 1. z₂(i) (orz₂(i) of equation (56), z₂(i) of equation (57), z₂(i) of equation (58),z₂(i) of equation (59) or z₂(i) of equation (60)) obtained in FIGS. 9 to17 corresponds to 113_2 in FIG. 1.

FIGS. 18 to 22 illustrate examples of a method for arranging z₁(i) andz₂(i) generated in FIGS. 9 to 17.

Part (A) of FIG. 18 illustrates a method for arranging z₁(i), and (B) ofFIG. 18 illustrates a method for arranging z₂(i). In each of (A) and (B)of FIG. 18, a vertical axis indicates time, and a horizontal axisindicates a frequency.

Part (A) of FIG. 18 will be described. First, when z₁(0), z₁(1), z₁(2),z₁(3), . . . corresponding to i=0, 1, 2, 3, . . . are generated,

-   z₁(0) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 1,-   z₁(1) is arranged at carrier 1 and time 1,-   z₁(2) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 1,-   . . .-   z₁(10) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 2,-   z₁ (11) is arranged at carrier 1 and time 2,-   z₁(12) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 2, and-   . . . .

Similarly, when z₂(0), z₂(1), z₂(2), z₂(3), . . . corresponding to i=0,1, 2, 3, . . . are generated in (B) of FIG. 18,

-   z₂(0) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 1,-   z₂(1) is arranged at carrier 1 and time 1,-   z₂(2) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 1,-   . . .-   z₂(10) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 2,-   z₂(11) is arranged at carrier 1 and time 2,-   z₂(12) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 2, and-   . . . .

In this case, z₁(a) and z₂(a) in a case of i=a are transmitted from thesame frequency and from the same time. Then, FIG. 18 illustratesexamples of a case where generated z₁(i) and z₂(i) are preferentiallyarranged in the frequency axis direction.

Part (A) of FIG. 19 illustrates a method for arranging z₁(i), and (B) ofFIG. 19 illustrates a method for arranging z₂(i). In each of (A) and (B)of FIG. 19, a vertical axis indicates time, and a horizontal axisindicates a frequency.

Part (A) of FIG. 19 will be described. First, when z₁(0), z₁(1), z₁(2),

-   z₁(3), . . . corresponding to i=0, 1, 2, 3, . . . are generated,-   z₁(0) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 1,-   z₁(1) is arranged at carrier 1 and time 2,-   z₁(2) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 1,-   . . .-   z₁(10) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 2,-   z₁(11) is arranged at carrier 7 and time 1,-   z₁(12) is arranged at carrier 8 and time 2, and-   . . . .

Similarly, when z₂(0), z₂(1), z₂(2), z₂(3), . . . corresponding to i=0,1, 2, 3, . . . are generated in (B) of FIG. 19,

-   z₂(0) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 1,-   z₂(1) is arranged at carrier 1 and time 2,-   z₂(2) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 1,-   . . .-   z₂(10) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 2,-   z₂(11) is arranged at carrier 7 and time 1,-   z₂(12) is arranged at carrier 8 and time 2, and-   . . . .

In this case, z₁ (a) and z₂(a) in a case of i=a are transmitted from thesame frequency and from the same time. Then, FIG. 19 illustratesexamples of a case where generated z₁(i) and z₂(i) are randomly arrangedin the frequency axis and time axis directions.

Part (A) of FIG. 20 illustrates a method for arranging z₁(i), and (B) ofFIG. 20 illustrates a method for arranging z₂(i). In each of (A) and (B)of FIG. 20, a vertical axis indicates time, and a horizontal axisindicates a frequency.

Part (A) of FIG. 20 will be described. First, when z₁(0), z₁(1), z₁(2),z₁(3), . . . corresponding to i=0, 1, 2, 3, . . . are generated,

-   z₁(0) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 1,-   z₁(1) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 1,-   z₁(2) is arranged at carrier 4 and time 1,-   . . .-   z₁(10) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 2,-   z₁ (11) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 2,-   z₁(12) is arranged at carrier 4 and time 2, and-   . . . .

Similarly, when z₂(0), z₂(1), z₂(2), z₂(3), . . . corresponding to i=0,1, 2, 3, . . . are generated in (B) of FIG. 20,

-   z₂(0) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 1,-   z₂(1) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 1,-   z₂(2) is arranged at carrier 4 and time 1,-   . . .-   z₂(10) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 2,-   z₂(11) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 2,-   z₂(12) is arranged at carrier 4 and time 2, and-   . . . .

In this case, z₁ (a) and z₂(a) in a case of i=a are transmitted from thesame frequency and from the same time. Then, FIG. 20 illustratesexamples of a case where generated z₁(i) and z₂(i) are preferentiallyarranged in the frequency axis direction.

Part (A) of FIG. 21 illustrates a method for arranging z₁(i), and (B) ofFIG. 21 illustrates a method for arranging z₂(i). In each of (A) and (B)of FIG. 21, a vertical axis indicates time, and a horizontal axisindicates a frequency.

Part (A) of FIG. 21 will be described. First, when z₁(0), z₁(1), z₁(2),z₁(3), . . . corresponding to i=0, 1, 2, 3, . . . are generated,

-   z₁(0) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 1,-   z₁(1) is arranged at carrier 1 and time 1,-   z₁(2) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 2,-   . . .-   z₁(10) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 2,-   z₁ (11) is arranged at carrier 3 and time 2,-   z₁(12) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 3, and-   . . . .

Similarly, when z₂(0), z₂(1), z₂(2), z₂(3), . . . corresponding to i=0,1, 2, 3, . . . are generated in (B) of FIG. 21, z₂(0) is arranged atcarrier 0 and time 1,

-   z₂(1) is arranged at carrier 1 and time 1,-   z₂(2) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 2,-   . . .-   z₂(10) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 2,-   z₂(11) is arranged at carrier 3 and time 2,-   z₂(12) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 3, and-   . . . .

In this case, z₁ (a) and z₂(a) in a case of i=a are transmitted from thesame frequency and from the same time. Then, FIG. 21 illustratesexamples of a case where generated z₁(i) and z₂(i) are arranged in thetime and frequency axis directions.

Part (A) of FIG. 22 illustrates a method for arranging z₁(i), and (B) ofFIG. 22 illustrates a method for arranging z₂(i). In each of (A) and (B)of FIG. 22, a vertical axis indicates time, and a horizontal axisindicates a frequency.

Part (A) of FIG. 22 will be described. First, when z₁(0), z₁(1), z₁(2),z₁(3), . . . corresponding to i=0, 1, 2, 3, . . . are generated,

-   z₁(0) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 1,-   z₁(1) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 2,-   z₁(2) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 3,-   . . .-   z₁(10) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 3,-   z₁(11) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 4,-   z₁(12) is arranged at carrier 3 and time 1, and-   . . . .

Similarly, when z₂(0), z₂(1), z₂(2), z₂(3), . . . corresponding to i=0,1, 2, 3, . . . are generated in (B) of FIG. 22,

-   z₂(0) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 1,-   z₂(1) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 2,-   z₂(2) is arranged at carrier 0 and time 3,-   . . .-   z₂(10) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 3,-   z₂(11) is arranged at carrier 2 and time 4,-   z₂(12) is arranged at carrier 3 and time 1, and-   . . . .

In this case, z₁(a) and z₂(a) in a case of i=a are transmitted from thesame frequency and from the same time. Then, FIG. 22 illustratesexamples of a case where generated z₁(i) and z₂(i) are preferentiallyarranged in the time axis direction.

The transmitting apparatus may arrange symbols by any method of themethods in FIGS. 18 to 22 and symbol arranging methods other than themethods in FIGS. 18 to 22 (FIGS. 18 to 22 are only examples of symbolarrangement).

FIG. 23 is a configuration example of a receiving apparatus (terminal)which receives a modulated signal transmitted by the transmittingapparatus in FIG. 1.

In FIG. 23, OFDM method related processor 2303_X receives an input ofreceived signal 2302_X received at antenna 2301_X. OFDM method relatedprocessor 2303_X performs reception side signal processing for the OFDMmethod. OFDM method related processor 2303_X outputs signal 2304_Xobtained after the signal processing. Similarly, OFDM method relatedprocessor 2303_Y receives an input of received signal 2302_Y received atantenna 2301_Y. OFDM method related processor 2303_Y performs receptionside signal processing for the OFDM method. OFDM method relatedprocessor 2303_Y outputs signal 2304_Y obtained after the signalprocessing.

First preamble detector/decoder 2311 receives an input of signals 2304_Xand 2304_Y obtained after the signal processing. First preambledetector/decoder 2311 performs signal detection and time-frequencysynchronization by detecting a first preamble, and simultaneouslyobtains control information contained in the first preamble (byperforming demodulation and error correction decoding) and outputs firstpreamble control information 2312.

Second preamble demodulator 2313 receives an input of signals 2304_X and2304_Y obtained after the signal processing, and first preamble controlinformation 2312. Second preamble demodulator 2313 performs signalprocessing based on first preamble control information 2312. Secondpreamble demodulator 2313 performs demodulation (error correctiondecoding). Second preamble demodulator 2313 outputs second preamblecontrol information 2314.

Control information generator 2315 receives an input of first preamblecontrol information 2312, and second preamble control information 2314.Control information generator 2315 bundles control information (relatedto a receiving operation) and outputs the control information as controlsignal 2316. Then, control signal 2316 is input to each unit asillustrated in FIG. 23.

Modulated signal z₁ channel fluctuation estimator 2305_1 receives aninput of signal 2304_X obtained after the signal processing, and controlsignal 2316. Modulated signal z₁ channel fluctuation estimator 2305_1estimates a channel fluctuation between an antenna from which thetransmitting apparatus has transmitted modulated signal z₁ and receivingantenna 2301_X by using a pilot symbol or the like contained in signal2304_X obtained after the signal processing, and outputs channelestimation signal 2306_1.

Modulated signal z₂ channel fluctuation estimator 2305_2 receives aninput of signal 2304_X obtained after the signal processing, and controlsignal 2316. Modulated signal z₂ channel fluctuation estimator 2305_2estimates a channel fluctuation between an antenna from which thetransmitting apparatus has transmitted modulated signal z₂ and receivingantenna 2301_X by using a pilot symbol or the like contained in signal2304_X obtained after the signal processing, and outputs channelestimation signal 2306_2.

Modulated signal z₁ channel fluctuation estimator 2307_1 receives aninput of signal 2304_Y obtained after the signal processing, and controlsignal 2316. Modulated signal z₁ channel fluctuation estimator 2307_1estimates a channel fluctuation between an antenna from which thetransmitting apparatus has transmitted modulated signal z₁ and receivingantenna 2301_Y by using a pilot symbol or the like contained in signal2304_Y obtained after the signal processing, and outputs channelestimation signal 2308_1.

Modulated signal z₂ channel fluctuation estimator 2307_2 receives aninput of signal 2304_Y obtained after the signal processing, and controlsignal 2316. Modulated signal z₂ channel fluctuation estimator 2307_2estimates a channel fluctuation between an antenna from which thetransmitting apparatus has transmitted modulated signal z₂ and receivingantenna 2301_Y by using a pilot symbol or the like contained in signal2304_Y obtained after the signal processing, and outputs channelestimation signal 2308_2.

Signal processor 2309 receives an input of signals 2306_1, 2306_2,2308_1, 2308_2, 2304_X and 2304_Y, and control signal 2316. Signalprocessor 2309 performs demodulation and decoding processing based oninformation such as a transmitting method, a modulating method, an errorcorrection coding method, a coding rate of error correction coding and ablock size of an error correction code contained in control signal 2316.Signal processor 2309 outputs received data 2310. In this case, otherwave detection (demodulation)/decoding are performed based on theabove-described transmitting method.

Note that the receiving apparatus extracts a necessary symbol fromcontrol signal 2316, and performs demodulation (including signaldemultiplexing and signal wave detection) and error correction decoding.Moreover, a configuration of the receiving apparatus is not limited tothis configuration.

As described above, there is an advantage that flexible videoinformation and flexible broadcast service can be provided to thereceiving apparatus (viewer) by enabling the transmitting apparatus toselect any frame configuration of the frame configurations in FIGS. 2 to6. Moreover, there are the advantages as described above in the frameconfigurations in FIGS. 2 to 6, respectively. Hence, the transmittingapparatus may use a single frame configuration of the frameconfigurations in FIGS. 2 to 6, and, in this case, it is possible toobtain the effect described above.

Moreover, when the transmitting apparatus selects any of the frameconfigurations in FIGS. 2 to 6, for example, when the transmittingapparatus is installed in a certain area, frame configurations may beswitched by setting any of the frame configurations in FIGS. 2 to 6 whenthe transmitting apparatus is installed and regularly reviewing thesetting, or a method for selecting the frame configurations in FIGS. 2to 6 per frame transmission may be employed. As for a frameconfiguration selecting method, any selection may be performed.

Note that in the frame configurations in FIGS. 2 to 6, another symbol(for example, a pilot symbol and a null symbol (an in-phase component ofthe symbol is 0 (zero, and a quadrature component is 0 (zero)))) may beinserted to the first preamble. Similarly, a symbol such as a pilotsymbol and a null symbol (an in-phase component of the symbol is 0(zero, and a quadrature component is 0 (zero))) may be inserted to asecond preamble. Moreover, a preamble is configured with the firstpreamble and the second preamble. However, the preamble configuration isnot limited to this configuration. The preamble may be configured withthe first preamble (first preamble group) alone or may be configuredwith two or more preambles (preamble groups). Note that in regard to thepreamble configuration, the same also applies to frame configurations ofother exemplary embodiments.

Then, the data symbol group is indicated in the frame configurations inFIGS. 2 to 6. However, another symbol (for example, a pilot symbol, anull symbol (an in-phase component of the symbol is 0 (zero, and aquadrature component is 0 (zero))), and a control information symbol)may be inserted. Note that in this regard, the same also applies toframe configurations of other exemplary embodiments.

Moreover, another symbol (for example, a pilot symbol, a null symbol (anin-phase component of the symbol is 0 (zero, and a quadrature componentis 0 (zero))), a control information symbol and a data symbol) may beinserted to the pilot symbol in FIG. 6. Note that in this regard, thesame also applies to frame configurations of other exemplaryembodiments.

Second Exemplary Embodiment

The first exemplary embodiment describes the case where the transmittingapparatus selects any of the frame configurations in FIGS. 2 to 6 (oruses any of the frames in FIGS. 2 to 6). The present exemplaryembodiment will describe an example of the method for configuring thefirst preamble and the second preamble described in the first exemplaryembodiment, in the transmitting apparatus described in the firstexemplary embodiment.

As described in the first exemplary embodiment, the transmittingapparatus (FIG. 1) may incorporate “information related to a frameconfiguration” for transmitting information related to a frameconfiguration to the receiving apparatus (terminal) in the firstpreamble or the second preamble, to transmit the “information related tothe frame configuration.”

For example, in a case where the transmitting apparatus transmits amodulated signal with the frame configuration in FIG. 2 when three bitsof v0, v1 and v2 are allocated as the “information related to the frameconfiguration,” the transmitting apparatus sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 0,0) and transmits the “information related to the frame configuration.”

When the transmitting apparatus transmits a modulated signal with theframe configuration in FIG. 3, the transmitting apparatus sets (v0, v1,v2) to (0, 0, 1) and transmits the “information related to the frameconfiguration.”

When the transmitting apparatus transmits a modulated signal with theframe configuration in FIG. 4, the transmitting apparatus sets (v0, v1,v2) to (0, 1, 0) and transmits the “information related to the frameconfiguration.”

When the transmitting apparatus transmits a modulated signal with theframe configuration in FIG. 5, the transmitting apparatus sets (v0, v1,v2) to (0, 1, 1) and transmits the “information related to the frameconfiguration.”

When the transmitting apparatus transmits a modulated signal with theframe configuration in FIG. 5, the transmitting apparatus sets (v0, v1,v2) to (1, 0, 0) and transmits the “information related to the frameconfiguration.”

The receiving apparatus can learn an outline of a frame configuration ofa modulated signal transmitted by the transmitting apparatus, from the“information related to the frame configuration.”

Further, the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) transmits controlinformation related to a method for transmitting each data symbol group,control information related to a method for modulating each data symbolgroup (or a set of modulating methods), and control information relatedto a code length (block length) and a coding rate of an error correctioncode to be used in each data symbol group, and further transmitsinformation related to a method for configuring a data symbol group ineach frame configuration. An example of the method for configuring thesepieces of control information will be described below.

A case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) selects the frameconfiguration in FIG. 2 or 3 is assumed, that is, it is assumed that thetransmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 0, 0) or (0,0, 1) and transmits (v0, v1, v2). In this case, control informationrelated to a method for transmitting data symbol group #j is a(j, 0) anda(j, 1).

In this case, when the method for transmitting data symbol group #(j=K)is of single stream transmission (SISO (SIMO) transmission), thetransmitting apparatus sets a(K, 0)=0 and a(K, 1)=0 and transmits a(K,0) and a(K, 1).

When the method for transmitting data symbol group #(j=K) is of spacetime block codes (or space frequency block codes) (MISO transmission),the transmitting apparatus sets a(K, 0)=1 and a(K, 1)=0 and transmitsa(K, 0) and a(K, 1).

When the method for transmitting data symbol group #(j=K) is MIMO method#1, the transmitting apparatus sets a(K, 0)=0 and a(K, 1)=1 andtransmits a(K, 0) and a(K, 1).

When the method for transmitting data symbol group #(j=K) is MIMO method#2, the transmitting apparatus sets a(K, 0)=1 and a(K, 1)=1 andtransmits a(K, 0) and a(K, 1).

Note that MIMO method #1 and MIMO method #2 are different methods andare any method of the above-described MIMO methods. Moreover, here, MIMOmethod #1 and MIMO method #2 are used. However, the MIMO method whichthe transmitting apparatus can select may be of one type or may be oftwo or more types.

In FIGS. 2 and 3, since there are data symbol group #1, data symbolgroup #2 and data symbol group #3, the transmitting apparatus transmitsa(1, 0), a(1, 1), a(2, 0), a(2, 1), a(3, 0) and a(3, 1).

A case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) selects the frameconfiguration in FIG. 2 or 3 is assumed, that is, it is assumed that thetransmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 0, 0) or (0,0, 1) and transmits (v0, v1, v2). In this case, control informationrelated to a method for modulating data symbol group j is b(j, 0) andb(j, 1).

In this case, a definition described below is made. In a case where thetransmitting method is of single stream transmission (SISO (SIMO)transmission), for example, in a case where a(K, 0)=0 and a(K, 1)=0 areset in data symbol #(j=K), when b(K, 0)=0 and b(K, 1)=0 hold, thetransmitting apparatus sets a data symbol modulating method to QPSK.

When b(K, 0)=1 and b(K, 1)=0 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets thedata symbol modulating method to 16QAM.

When b(K, 0)=0 and b(K, 1)=1 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets thedata symbol modulating method to 64QAM.

When b(K, 0)=1 and b(K, 1)=1 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets thedata symbol modulating method to 256QAM.

In a case where the transmitting method is of space time block codes (orspace frequency block codes) (MISO transmission), or is MIMO method #1or MIMO method #2, for example, in a case where a(K, 0)=1 and a(K, 1)=0,a(K, 0)=0 and a(K, 1)=1 or a(K, 0)=1 and a(K, 1)=1 are set in datasymbol #(j=K),

-   -   when b(K, 0)=0 and b(K, 1)=0 hold, the transmitting apparatus        sets the data symbol modulating method to QPSK in stream 1 and        16QAM in stream 2.

When b(K, 0)=1 and b(K, 1)=0 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets thedata symbol modulating method to 16QAM in stream 1 and 16QAM in stream2.

When b(K, 0)=0 and b(K, 1)=1 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets thedata symbol modulating method to 16QAM in stream 1 and 64QAM in stream2.

When b(K, 0)=1 and b(K, 1)=1 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets thedata symbol modulating method to 64QAM in stream 1 and 64QAM in stream2.

Note that the modulating method is not limited to the above-describedmodulating methods. For example, the modulating method may include amodulating method such as an APSK method, non-uniform QAM andnon-uniform mapping. The modulating method will be described in detailbelow.

In FIGS. 2 and 3, since there are data symbol group #1, data symbolgroup #2 and data symbol group #3, the transmitting apparatus transmitsb(1, 0), b(1, 1), b(2, 0), b(2, 1), b(3, 0) and b(3, 1).

A case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) selects the frameconfiguration in FIG. 2 or 3 is assumed, that is, it is assumed that thetransmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 0, 0) or (0,0, 1) and transmits (v0, v1, v2). In this case, control informationrelated to a coding method of an error correction code of data symbolgroup #j is c(j, 0) and c(j, 1).

In this case, when an error correction coding method of data symbolgroup #(j=K) is of an error correction code of A and a code length of a,the transmitting apparatus sets c(K, 0)=0 and c(K, 1)=0 and transmitsc(K, 0) and c(K, 1).

When an error correction coding method of data symbol group #(j=K) is ofthe error correction code of A and a code length of 13, the transmittingapparatus sets c(K, 0)=1 and c(K, 1)=0 and transmits c(K, 0) and c(K,1).

When an error correction coding method of data symbol group #(j=K) is ofan error correction code of B and the code length of a, the transmittingapparatus sets c(K, 0)=0 and c(K, 1)=1 and transmits c(K, 0) and c(K,1).

When an error correction coding method of data symbol group #(j=K) is ofthe error correction code of B and the code length of 13, thetransmitting apparatus sets c(K, 0)=1 and c(K, 1)=1 and transmits c(K,0) and c(K, 1).

Note that the setting of the error correction code is not limited to thetwo settings, and the transmitting apparatus only needs to be able toset one or more types of error correction codes. The setting of the codelength is not limited to the two settings, and the transmittingapparatus only needs to be able to set two or more code lengths.

In FIGS. 2 and 3, since there are data symbol group #1, data symbolgroup #2 and data symbol group #3, the transmitting apparatus transmitsc(1, 0), c(1, 1), c(2, 0), c(2, 1), c(3, 0) and c(3, 1).

A case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) selects the frameconfiguration in FIG. 2 or 3 is assumed, that is, it is assumed that thetransmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 0, 0) or (0,0, 1) and transmits (v0, v1, v2). In this case, control informationrelated to a coding rate of the error correction code of data symbolgroup #j is d(j, 0) and d(j, 1).

In this case, when the coding rate of the error correction code of datasymbol group #(j=K) is 1/2, the transmitting apparatus sets d(K, 0)=0and d(K, 1)=0 and transmits d(K, 0) and d(K, 1).

When the coding rate of the error correction code of data symbol group#(j=K) is 2/3, the transmitting apparatus sets d(K, 0)=1 and d(K, 1)=0and transmits d(K, 0) and d(K, 1).

When the coding rate of the error correction code of data symbol group#(j=K) is 3/4, the transmitting apparatus sets d(K, 0)=0 and d(K, 1)=1and transmits d(K, 0) and d(K, 1).

When the coding rate of the error correction code of data symbol group#(j=K) is 4/5, the transmitting apparatus sets d(K, 0)=1 and d(K, 1)=1and transmits d(K, 0) and d(K, 1).

Note that the setting of the coding rate of the error correction code isnot limited to the four settings, and the transmitting apparatus onlyneeds to be able to set one or more types of coding rates of the errorcorrection code.

In FIGS. 2 and 3, since there are data symbol group #1, data symbolgroup #2 and data symbol group #3, the transmitting apparatus transmitsd(1, 0), d(1, 1), d(2, 0), d(2, 1), d(3, 0) and d(3, 1).

A case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) selects the frameconfiguration in FIG. 2 or 3 is assumed, that is, it is assumed that thetransmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 0, 0) or (0,0, 1) and transmits (v0, v1, v2). In this case, information related to anumber of symbols in a frame of data symbol group #j is e(j, 0) and e(j,1).

In this case, when the number of symbols in the frame of data symbolgroup #(j=K) is of 256 symbols, the transmitting apparatus sets e(K,0)=0 and e(K, 1)=0 and transmits e(K, 0) and e(K, 1).

When the number of symbols in the frame of data symbol group #(j=K) isof 512 symbols, the transmitting apparatus sets e(K, 0)=1 and e(K, 1)=0and transmits e(K, 0) and e(K, 1).

When the number of symbols in the frame of data symbol group #(j=K) isof 1024 symbols, the transmitting apparatus sets e(K, 0)=0 and e(K, 1)=1and transmits e(K, 0) and e(K, 1).

When the number of symbols in the frame of data symbol group #(j=K) isof 2048 symbols, the transmitting apparatus sets e(K, 0)=1 and e(K, 1)=1and transmits e(K, 0) and e(K, 1).

Note that the setting of the number of symbols is not limited to thefour settings, and the transmitting apparatus only needs to be able toset one or more types of the number of symbols.

In FIGS. 2 and 3, since there are data symbol group #1, data symbolgroup #2 and data symbol group #3, the transmitting apparatus transmitse(1, 0), e(1, 1), e(2, 0), e(2, 1), e(3, 0) and e(3, 1).

A case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) selects the frameconfiguration in FIG. 4, 5, or 6 is assumed, that is, it is assumed thatthe transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 1, 0), (0,1, 1) or (1, 0, 0) and transmits (v0, v1, v2). In this case, controlinformation related to a method for transmitting data symbol group #j isa(j, 0) and a(j, 1).

In this case, when the method for transmitting data symbol group #(j=K)is of single stream transmission (SISO (SIMO) transmission), thetransmitting apparatus sets a(K, 0)=0 and a(K, 1)=0 and transmits a(K,0) and a(K, 1).

When the method for transmitting data symbol group #(j=K) is of spacetime block codes (or space frequency block codes) (MISO transmission),the transmitting apparatus sets a(K, 0)=1 and a(K, 1)=0 and transmitsa(K, 0) and a(K, 1).

When the method for transmitting data symbol group #(j=K) is MIMO method#1, the transmitting apparatus sets a(K, 0)=0 and a(K, 1)=1 andtransmits a(K, 0) and a(K, 1).

When the method for transmitting data symbol group #(j=K) is MIMO method#2, the transmitting apparatus sets a(K, 0)=1 and a(K, 1)=1 andtransmits a(K, 0) and a(K, 1).

Note that MIMO method #1 and MIMO method #2 are different methods andare any method of the above-described MIMO methods. Moreover, here, MIMOmethod #1 and MIMO method #2 are used. However, the MIMO method whichthe transmitting apparatus can select may be of one type or may be oftwo or more types.

In FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, since there are data symbol group #1, data symbolgroup #2 and data symbol group #3, the transmitting apparatus transmitsa(1, 0), a(1, 1), a(2, 0), a(2, 1), a(3, 0) and a(3, 1).

A case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) selects the frameconfiguration in FIG. 4, 5, or 6 is assumed, that is, it is assumed thatthe transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 1, 0), (0,1, 1) or (1, 0, 0) and transmits (v0, v1, v2). In this case, controlinformation related to a method for modulating data symbol group j isb(j, 0) and b(j, 1).

In this case, a definition described below is made. In a case where thetransmitting method is of single stream transmission (SISO (SIMO)transmission), for example, in a case where a(K, 0)=0 and a(K, 1)=0 areset in data symbol #(j=K), when b(K, 0)=0 and b(K, 1)=0 hold, thetransmitting apparatus sets a data symbol modulating method to QPSK.

When b(K, 0)=1 and b(K, 1)=0 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets thedata symbol modulating method to 16QAM.

When b(K, 0)=0 and b(K, 1)=1 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets thedata symbol modulating method to 64QAM.

When b(K, 0)=1 and b(K, 1)=1 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets thedata symbol modulating method to 256QAM.

In a case where the transmitting method is of space time block codes (orspace frequency block codes) (MISO transmission), or is MIMO method #1or MIMO method #2, for example, in a case where a(K, 0)=1 and a(K, 1)=0,a(K, 0)=0 and a(K, 1)=1 or a(K, 0)=1 and a(K, 1)=1 are set in datasymbol #(j=K),

-   -   when b(K, 0)=0 and b(K, 1)=0 hold, the transmitting apparatus        sets the data symbol modulating method to QPSK in stream 1 and        16QAM in stream 2.

When b(K, 0)=1 and b(K, 1)=0 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets thedata symbol modulating method to 16QAM in stream 1 and 16QAM in stream2.

When b(K, 0)=0 and b(K, 1)=1 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets thedata symbol modulating method to 16QAM in stream 1 and 64QAM in stream2.

When b(K, 0)=1 and b(K, 1)=1 hold, the transmitting apparatus sets thedata symbol modulating method to 64QAM in stream 1 and 64QAM in stream2.

Note that the modulating method is not limited to the above-describedmodulating methods. For example, the modulating method may include amodulating method such as an APSK method, non-uniform QAM andnon-uniform mapping. The modulating method will be described in detailbelow.

In FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, since there are data symbol group #1, data symbolgroup #2 and data symbol group #3, the transmitting apparatus transmitsb(1, 0), b(1, 1), b(2, 0), b(2, 1), b(3, 0) and b(3, 1).

A case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) selects the frameconfiguration in FIG. 4, 5, or 6 is assumed, that is, it is assumed thatthe transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 1, 0), (0,1, 1) or (1, 0, 0) and transmits (v0, v1, v2). In this case, controlinformation related to a coding method of an error correction code ofdata symbol group #j is c(j, 0) and c(j, 1).

In this case, when an error correction coding method of data symbolgroup #(j=K) is of an error correction code of A and a code length of a,the transmitting apparatus sets c(K, 0)=0 and c(K, 1)=0 and transmitsc(K, 0) and c(K, 1).

When an error correction coding method of data symbol group #(j=K) is ofthe error correction code of A and a code length of 13, the transmittingapparatus sets c(K, 0)=1 and c(K, 1)=0 and transmits c(K, 0) and c(K,1).

When an error correction coding method of data symbol group #(j=K) is ofan error correction code of B and the code length of a, the transmittingapparatus sets c(K, 0)=0 and c(K, 1)=1 and transmits c(K, 0) and c(K,1).

When an error correction coding method of data symbol group #(j=K) is ofthe error correction code of B and a code length of 13, the transmittingapparatus sets c(K, 0)=1 and c(K, 1)=1 and transmits c(K, 0) and c(K,1).

Note that the setting of the error correction code is not limited to thetwo settings, and the transmitting apparatus only needs to be able toset one or more types of error correction codes. The setting of the codelength is not limited to the two settings, and the transmittingapparatus only needs to be able to set two or more code lengths.

In FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, since there are data symbol group #1, data symbolgroup #2 and data symbol group #3, the transmitting apparatus transmitsc(1, 0), c(1, 1), c(2, 0), c(2, 1), c(3, 0) and c(3, 1).

A case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) selects the frameconfiguration in FIG. 4, 5, or 6 is assumed, that is, it is assumed thatthe transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 1, 0), (0,1, 1) or (1, 0, 0) and transmits (v0, v1, v2). In this case, controlinformation related to a coding rate of the error correction code ofdata symbol group #j is d(j, 0) and d(j, 1).

In this case, when the coding rate of the error correction code of datasymbol group #(j=K) is 1/2, the transmitting apparatus sets d(K, 0)=0and d(K, 1)=0 and transmits d(K, 0) and d(K, 1).

When the coding rate of the error correction code of data symbol group#(j=K) is 2/3, the transmitting apparatus sets d(K, 0)=1 and d(K, 1)=0and transmits d(K, 0) and d(K, 1).

When the coding rate of the error correction code of data symbol group#(j=K) is 3/4, the transmitting apparatus sets d(K, 0)=0 and d(K, 1)=1and transmits d(K, 0) and d(K, 1).

When the coding rate of the error correction code of data symbol group#(j=K) is 4/5, the transmitting apparatus sets d(K, 0)=1 and d(K, 1)=1and transmits d(K, 0) and d(K, 1).

Note that the setting of the coding rate of the error correction code isnot limited to the four settings, and the transmitting apparatus onlyneeds to be able to set two or more types of coding rates of the errorcorrection code.

In FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, since there are data symbol group #1, data symbolgroup #2 and data symbol group #3, the transmitting apparatus transmitsd(1, 0), d(1, 1), d(2, 0), d(2, 1), d(3, 0) and d(3, 1).

A case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) selects the frameconfiguration in FIG. 4, 5, or 6 is assumed, that is, it is assumed thatthe transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 1, 0), (0,1, 1) or (1, 0, 0) and transmit (v0, v1, v2).

In this case, when there is a mix of a plurality of data symbol groupsin a certain time interval like data symbol group #1 and data symbolgroup #2 of the frames in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, this time interval can beset. (A unit time in the time interval in which there is the mix of aplurality of data symbol groups may be referred to as an OFDM symbol.)Information related to this time interval is f(0) and f(1).

In this case, when this time interval is of 128 OFDM symbols, thetransmitting apparatus sets f(0)=0 and f(1)=0 and transmits f(0) andf(1).

When this time interval is of 256 OFDM symbols, the transmittingapparatus sets f(0)=1 and f(1)=0 and transmits f(0) and f(1).

When this time interval is of 512 OFDM symbols, the transmittingapparatus sets f(0)=0 and f(1)=1 and transmits f(0) and f(1).

When this time interval is of 1024 OFDM symbols, the transmittingapparatus sets f(0)=1 and f(1)=0 and transmits f(0) and f(1).

Note that the setting of the time interval is not limited to the foursettings, and the transmitting apparatus only needs to be able to settwo or more types of the time intervals.

A case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) selects the frameconfiguration in FIG. 4, 5, or 6 is assumed, that is, it is assumed thatthe transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 1, 0), (0,1, 1) or (1, 0, 0) and transmits (v0, v1, v2).

In this case, when there is no other data symbol group in a certain timeinterval like data symbol group #3 in FIG. 4, 5 or 6 (however, forexample, when there is data symbol group #4 immediately after datasymbol group #3, there may be a mix of data symbols of data symbol group#3 and data symbols of data symbol group #4 in a certain time intervalat a portion at which data symbol group #3 and data symbol group # areadjacent), information related to the number of symbols in a frame ofdata symbol group #j is e(j, 0) and e(j, 1).

When the number of symbols in the frame of data symbol group #(j=K) isof 256 symbols, the transmitting apparatus sets e(K, 0)=0 and e(K, 1)=0and transmits e(K, 0) and e(K, 1).

When the number of symbols in the frame of data symbol group #(j=K) isof 512 symbols, the transmitting apparatus sets e(K, 0)=1 and e(K, 1)=0and transmits e(K, 0) and e(K, 1).

When the number of symbols in the frame of data symbol group #(j=K) isof 1024 symbols, the transmitting apparatus sets e(K, 0)=0 and e(K, 1)=1and transmits e(K, 0) and e(K, 1).

When the number of symbols in the frame of data symbol group #(j=K) isof 2048 symbols, the transmitting apparatus sets e(K, 0)=1 and e(K, 1)=1and transmits e(K, 0) and e(K, 1).

Note that the setting of the number of symbols is not limited to thefour settings, and the transmitting apparatus only needs to be able toset two or more types of the number of symbols.

In FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, since data symbol group #3 corresponds to theabove, the transmitting apparatus transmits e(3, 0) and e(3, 1).

A case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) selects the frameconfiguration in FIG. 4, 5, or 6 is assumed, that is, it is assumed thatthe transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) sets (v0, v1, v2) to (0, 1, 0), (0,1, 1) or (1, 0, 0) and transmits (v0, v1, v2).

In this case, when there is a mix of a plurality of data symbol groupsin a certain time interval like data symbol group #1 and data symbolgroup #2 of the frames in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, a number of carriers to beused by each data symbol group can be set.

In this case, information related to the number of carriers is g(0) andg(1). For example, a total number of carriers is of 512 carriers.

When the number of carriers of a first data symbol group is of 480carriers and the number of carriers of a second symbol group is of 32carriers among the two data symbol groups, the transmitting apparatussets g(0)=0 and g(1)=0 and transmits g(0) and g(1).

When the number of carriers of the first data symbol group is of 448carriers and the number of carriers of the second symbol group is of 64carriers among the two data symbol groups, the transmitting apparatussets g(0)=1 and g(1)=0 and transmits g(0) and g(1).

When the number of carriers of the first data symbol group is of 384carriers and the number of carriers of the second symbol group is of 128carriers among the two data symbol groups, the transmitting apparatussets g(0)=0 and g(1)=1 and transmits g(0) and g(1).

When the number of carriers of the first data symbol group is of 256carriers and the number of carriers of the second symbol group is of 256carriers among the two data symbol groups, the transmitting apparatussets g(0)=1 and g(1)=1 and transmits g(0) and g(1).

Note that the setting of the number of carriers is not limited to thefour settings, and the transmitting apparatus only needs to be able toset two or more types of the number of carriers.

The case where there is a mix of two data symbol groups is describedwith reference to FIGS. 4 to 6 as an example of a case where there is amix of a plurality of data symbol groups in a certain time interval.However, there may be a mix of three or more data symbol groups. Thispoint will be described with reference to FIGS. 24, 25 and 26.

FIG. 24 illustrates an example of a frame configuration in a case wherethere are three data symbol groups in a certain time interval, incontrast to FIG. 4. Elements operating in the same way as in FIG. 4 areassigned the same reference numerals in FIG. 24 and will not bedescribed.

FIG. 24 illustrates data symbol group #1 2401, data symbol group #22402, and data symbol group #4 2403, and there are data symbol group #1,data symbol group #2 and data symbol group #4 in a certain timeinterval.

FIG. 25 illustrates an example of a frame configuration in a case wherethere are three data symbol groups in a certain time interval, incontrast to FIG. 5. Elements operating in the same way as in FIG. 5 areassigned the same reference numerals in FIG. 25 and will not bedescribed.

FIG. 25 illustrates data symbol group #1 2501, data symbol group #22502, and data symbol group #5 2503, and there are data symbol group #1,data symbol group #2 and data symbol group #4 in a certain timeinterval.

FIG. 26 illustrates an example of a frame configuration in a case wherethere are three data symbol groups in a certain time interval, incontrast to FIG. 6.

Elements operating in the same way as in FIG. 6 are assigned the samereference numerals in FIG. 26 and will not be described.

FIG. 26 illustrates data symbol group #1 2601, data symbol group #22602, and data symbol group #4 2603, and there are data symbol group #1,data symbol group #2 and data symbol group #4 in a certain timeinterval.

The transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 may be able to select the frameconfigurations in FIGS. 24 to 26. Moreover, a frame configuration wherethere are four or more data symbol groups in a certain time interval, incontrast to FIGS. 4 to 6 and 24 to 26 may be employed.

FIGS. 24, 25 and 26 illustrate the examples where a data symbol groupsubjected to time division is arranged after a data symbol groupsubjected to frequency division. However, the arrangement is not limitedto this arrangement. The data symbol group subjected to frequencydivision may be arranged after the data symbol group subjected to timedivision. In this case, in the example in FIG. 25, the first preambleand the second preamble are inserted between the data symbol groupsubjected to time division and the data symbol group subjected tofrequency division. (However, symbols other than the first preamble andthe second preamble may be inserted.) Then, in the example in FIG. 26,the pilot symbol is inserted between the data symbol group subjected totime division and the data symbol group subjected to frequency division(however, symbols other than the pilot symbol may be inserted).

Note that in a case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) transmitsa modulated signal with the frame configuration in FIG. 24 when thetransmitting apparatus incorporates “information related to a frameconfiguration” for transmitting information related to a frameconfiguration to the receiving apparatus (terminal) in the firstpreamble or the second preamble and transmits the “information relatedto the frame configuration,” for example, when three bits of v0, v1 andv2 are allocated as the “information related to the frameconfiguration,” the transmitting apparatus sets (v0, v1, v2) to (1,0, 1) and transmits the “information related to the frameconfiguration.”

When the transmitting apparatus transmits a modulated signal with theframe configuration in FIG. 25, the transmitting apparatus sets (v0, v1,v2) to (1, 1, 0) and transmits the “information related to the frameconfiguration.”

When the transmitting apparatus transmits a modulated signal with theframe configuration in FIG. 26, the transmitting apparatus sets (v0, v1,v2) to (1, 1, 1) and transmits the “information related to the frameconfiguration.”

Note that in FIGS. 24, 25 and 26, a data symbol group may also be asymbol group based on the MIMO (transmitting) method and the MISO(transmitting) method (as a matter of course, the data symbol group maybe a symbol group of the SISO (SIMO) method). In this case, at the sametime and the same (common) frequency, a plurality of streams (s1 and s2described below) is transmitted (in this case, at the same time and thesame (common) frequency, a plurality of modulated signals is transmittedfrom a plurality of (different) antennas).

Then, a case where the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) selects the frameconfiguration in FIG. 24, 25, or 26 is assumed, that is, it is assumedthat the transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) sets (v0, v1, v2) to (1, 0, 1),(1, 1, 0) or (1, 1, 1) and transmits (v0, v1, v2).

In this case, when there is a mix of a plurality of data symbol groupsin a certain time interval like data symbol group #1, data symbol group#2 and data symbol group #4 of the frames in FIGS. 24, 25 and 26, anumber of carriers to be used by each data symbol group can be set.

In this case, information related to the number of carriers is g(0) andg(1). For example, a total number of carriers is of 512 carriers.

When the number of carriers of the first data symbol group is of 448carriers, the number of carriers of the second symbol group is of 32carriers and the number of carriers of a third symbol group is of 32carriers among the two data symbol groups, the transmitting apparatussets g(0)=0 and g(1)=0 and transmits g(0) and g(1).

When the number of carriers of the first data symbol group is of 384carriers, the number of carriers of the second symbol group is of 64carriers and the number of carriers of the third symbol group is of 64carriers among the two data symbol groups, the transmitting apparatussets g(0)=1 and g(1)=0 and transmits g(0) and g(1).

When the number of carriers of the first data symbol group is of 256carriers, the number of carriers of the second symbol group is of 128carriers and the number of carriers of the third symbol group is of 128carriers among the two data symbol groups, the transmitting apparatussets g(0)=0 and g(1)=1 and transmits g(0) and g(1).

When the number of carriers of the first data symbol group is of 480carriers, the number of carriers of the second symbol group is of 16carriers and the number of carriers of the third symbol group is of 16carriers among the two data symbol groups, the transmitting apparatussets g(0)=1 and g(1)=1 and transmits g(0) and g(1).

Note that the setting of the number of carriers is not limited to thefour settings, and the transmitting apparatus only needs to be able toset one or more types of the number of carriers.

Moreover, an effect of improvement in data transmission efficiency canbe obtained when in frames in which there is a mix of a “case wherethere is a mix of a plurality of data symbol groups in a first timeinterval” and a “case where there is only one data symbol group in asecond time interval” as in FIGS. 4, 5, 6, 24, 25 and 26, thetransmitting apparatus can separately set a carrier interval (an FFT(Fast Fourier Transform) size or a Fourier transform size) in the “casewhere there is the mix of a plurality of data symbol groups in the firsttime interval,” and a carrier interval (an FFT (Fast Fourier Transform)size or a Fourier transform size) in the “case where there is only onedata symbol group in the second time interval.” This is because thecarrier interval appropriate in terms of data transmission efficiency inthe “case where there is the mix of a plurality of data symbol groups inthe first time interval,” and the carrier interval appropriate in termsof data transmission efficiency in the “case where there is only onedata symbol group in the second time interval” are different.

Hence, control information related to a carrier interval related to the“case where there is the mix of a plurality of data symbol groups in thefirst time interval” is ha(0) and ha(1).

In this case, when the carrier interval is 0.25 kHz, the transmittingapparatus sets ha(0)=0 and ha(1)=0, and transmits ha(0) and ha(1).

When the carrier interval is 0.5 kHz, the transmitting apparatus setsha(0)=1 and ha(1)=0, and transmits ha(0) and ha(1).

When the carrier interval is 1 kHz, the transmitting apparatus setsha(0)=0 and ha(1)=1, and transmits ha(0) and ha(1).

When the carrier interval is 2 kHz, the transmitting apparatus setsha(0)=1 and ha(1)=1, and transmits ha(0) and ha(1).

Note that the setting of the carrier interval is not limited to the foursettings, and the transmitting apparatus only needs to be able to settwo or more types of the carrier intervals.

Then, control information related to a carrier interval related to the“case where there is only one data symbol group in the second timeinterval” is hb(0) and hb(1).

In this case, when the carrier interval is 0.25 kHz, the transmittingapparatus sets hb(0)=0 and hb(1)=0, and transmits hb(0) and hb(1).

When the carrier interval is 0.5 kHz, the transmitting apparatus setshb(0)=1 and hb(1)=0, and transmits hb(0) and hb(1).

When the carrier interval is 1 kHz, the transmitting apparatus setshb(0)=0 and hb(1)=1, and transmits hb(0) and hb(1).

When the carrier interval is 2 kHz, the transmitting apparatus setshb(0)=1 and hb(1)=1, and transmits hb(0) and hb(1).

Note that the setting of the carrier interval is not limited to the foursettings, and the transmitting apparatus only needs to be able to settwo or more types of the carrier intervals.

Here, set values of the carrier interval selectable in any of the “casewhere there is the mix of a plurality of data symbol groups in the firsttime interval” and the “case where there is only one data symbol groupin the second time interval” are made the same such that the set valuesof the carrier interval in the “case where there is the mix of aplurality of data symbol groups in the first time interval” are 0.25kHz, 0.5 kHz, 1 kHz and 2 kHz and the set values of the carrier intervalin the “case where there is only one data symbol group in the secondtime interval” are 0.25 kHz, 0.5 kHz, 1 kHz and 2 kHz. However, a set ofset values selectable in the “case where there is the mix of a pluralityof data symbol groups in the first time interval” and a set of setvalues selectable in the “case where there is only one data symbol groupin the second time interval” may be different. For example, the setvalues of the carrier interval in the “case where there is the mix of aplurality of data symbol groups in the first time interval” may be 0.25kHz, 0.5 kHz, 1 kHz and 2 kHz, and the set values of the carrierinterval in the “case where there is only one data symbol group in thesecond time interval” may be 0.125 kHz, 0.25 kHz, 0.5 kHz and 1 kHz (thesettable values are not limited to this example).

Note that there can be considered a method for transmitting controlinformation ha(0) and ha(1) related to the carrier interval related tothe “case where there is the mix of a plurality of data symbol groups inthe first time interval,” and control information hb(0) and hb(1)related to the carrier interval related to the “case where there is onlyone data symbol group in the second time interval” with any of the firstpreamble and the second preamble in FIGS. 4, 5, 6, 24, 25 and 26.

For example, in FIGS. 4, 6, 24 and 26, there can be considered a methodfor transmitting control information ha(0) and ha(1) related to thecarrier interval related to the “case where there is the mix of aplurality of data symbol groups in the first time interval,” and controlinformation hb(0) and hb(1) related to the carrier interval related tothe “case where there is only one data symbol group in the second timeinterval” with first preamble 201 or second preamble 202.

In FIGS. 5 and 25, there can be considered a method for transmittingcontrol information ha(0) and ha(1) related to the carrier intervalrelated to the “case where there is the mix of a plurality of datasymbol groups in the first time interval” with first preamble 201 orsecond preamble 202, and transmitting control information hb(0) andhb(1) related to the carrier interval related to the “case where thereis only one data symbol group in the second time interval” with firstpreamble 501 or second preamble 502.

Moreover, as another method, in FIGS. 5 and 25, a method fortransmitting a plurality of times control information ha(0) and ha(1)related to the carrier interval related to the “case where there is themix of a plurality of data symbol groups in the first time interval,”and control information hb(0) and hb(1) related to the carrier intervalrelated to the “case where there is only one data symbol group in thesecond time interval,” such that ha(0) and ha(1), and hb(0) and hb(1)are transmitted with “first preamble 201 or second preamble 202” andwith “first preamble 501 or second preamble 502” may be employed. Inthis case, for example, the receiving apparatus which is to receive onlydata of data symbol group #1 and the receiving apparatus which is toreceive only data of data symbol group # can learn situations of allframes. Consequently, it is possible to easily and stably operate bothof the receiving apparatuses.

As a matter of course, the receiving apparatus (for example, FIG. 23)which receives a modulated signal transmitted by the transmittingapparatus in FIG. 1 receives the above-described control information,demodulates/decodes a data symbol group based on this controlinformation and obtains information.

As described above, the information described in the present exemplaryembodiment is transmitted as control information, and thus it ispossible to obtain an effect of enabling improvement in data receptionquality and improvement in data transmission efficiency and of enablingan accurate operation of the receiving apparatus.

Note that the frame configuration of a modulated signal transmitted bythe transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 is described in the first exemplaryembodiment and the second exemplary embodiment with reference to FIGS.3, 4, 5 and 6, but arrangement of data symbol group #1 and data symbolgroup #2 on the frequency axis in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 is not limited tothis arrangement, and for example, data symbol group #1 and data symbolgroup #2 may be arranged like data symbol group #1 (2701) and datasymbol group #2 (2702) in FIGS. 27, 28 and 29. Note that in each ofFIGS. 27, 28 and 29, a horizontal axis indicates time, and a verticalaxis indicates a frequency.

Then, a method for transmitting data symbol groups #1 (401_1 and 401_2)in the frame configuration in FIG. 5 and a method for transmitting datasymbol group #2 (402) may be set with first preamble 201 and/or secondpreamble 202. A method for transmitting data symbol group #3 (403) maybe set with first preamble 501 and/or second preamble 502.

In this case, either a case where the “method for transmitting datasymbol groups #1 (401_1 and 401_2) and the method for transmitting datasymbol group #2 (402) are of MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” ora case where the “method for transmitting data symbol groups #1 (401_1and 401_2) and the method for transmitting data symbol group #2 (402)are of SISO transmission (SIMO transmission)” may be selectable, andeither a case where the “method for transmitting data symbol group #3(403) is of MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or a case where the“method for transmitting data symbol group #3 (403) is of SISOtransmission (SIMO transmission)” may be selectable.

That is, a method for transmitting a plurality of data symbol groupspresent between a “set of the first preamble and the second preamble”and a next “set of the first preamble and the second preamble” is ofeither “MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or “SISO transmission(SIMO transmission),” and in the method for transmitting a plurality ofdata symbol groups present between the “set of the first preamble andthe second preamble” and the next “set of the first preamble and thesecond preamble,” there is no mix of MIMO transmission and SISOtransmission (SIMO transmission) and there is no mix of MISOtransmission and SISO transmission (SIMO transmission).

When there is a mix of the SISO (SIMO) transmitting method and the MIMO(MISO) transmitting method, a fluctuation of received field intensityincreases in the receiving apparatus. For this reason, there is aquantization error that is likely to occur during AD (Analog-to-Digital)conversion, and consequently, data reception quality may deteriorate.However, the above-described way increases a possibility that an effectof suppression of occurrence of such a phenomenon and improvement indata reception quality can be obtained.

However, the present disclosure is not limited to the above.

Moreover, in association with the above-described switching of thetransmitting methods, methods for inserting a pilot symbol to beinserted to a data symbol group are also switched, and there is also anadvantage from a viewpoint of improvement in data transmissionefficiency (because there is no mix of the SISO (SIMO) transmittingmethod and the MIMO (MISO) transmitting method). (When there is a mix ofthe SISO (SIMO) transmitting method and the MIMO (MISO) transmittingmethod, there is a possibility that frequency of inserting a pilotsymbol becomes excessive and that the data transmission efficiencydecreases.) Note that a configuration of a pilot symbol to be insertedto a data symbol group is as follows.

A “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol group during SISOtransmission” and a “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol groupduring MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” are different in a pilotsymbol configuring method. This point will be described with referenceto the figures. FIG. 41 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilotsymbol to be inserted to the data symbol group during SISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 41, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. FIG. 41 illustrates symbol4101 of data symbol group #1, and pilot symbol 4102. In this case, datais transmitted with symbol 4101 of data symbol group #1. Pilot symbol4102 is a symbol for performing frequency offset estimation, frequencysynchronization, time synchronization, signal detection and channelestimation (radio wave propagation environment estimation) in thereceiving apparatus. Pilot symbol 4102 is configured with, for example,a PSK (Phase Shift Keying) symbol (pilot symbol 4102 is highly likely toneed to be a PSK symbol) which is known in the transmitting apparatusand the receiving apparatus.

FIG. 42 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilot symbol to beinserted to the data symbol group during MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 42, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. “During MIMO transmission orMISO transmission,” modulated signals are transmitted from two antennas,respectively. Here, the modulated signals are referred to as modulatedsignal #1 and modulated signal #2. FIG. 42 illustrates an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #1 and an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #2 in combination.

Example 1

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 are PSK symbols.

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 are PSK symbols.

Then, “first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1” and “first pilot symbol 4201 formodulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal#2” are orthogonal (a correlation is zero) at a certain cycle.

Example 2

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 is a PSK symbol. Secondpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 is a null symbol (in-phasecomponent I is 0 (zero) and quadrature component Q is 0 (zero)) (hence,second pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 may not be referred toas a pilot symbol).

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Second pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 is a PSK symbol. Firstpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 is a null symbol (in-phasecomponent I is 0 (zero) and quadrature component Q is 0 (zero)) (hence,first pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 may not be referred toas a pilot symbol).

Similarly, in the frame configuration in FIG. 25, a method fortransmitting data symbol group #1 (2501), a method for transmitting datasymbol group #2 (2502) and a method for transmitting data symbol group#4 (2503) may be set with first preamble 201 and/or second preamble 202,and a method for transmitting data symbol group #3 (403) may be set withfirst preamble 501 and/or second preamble 502.

In this case, either a case where the “method for transmitting datasymbol group #1 (2501), the method for transmitting data symbol group #2(2502) and the method for transmitting data symbol group #4 (2503) areof MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or a case where the “methodfor transmitting data symbol group #1 (2501), the method fortransmitting data symbol group #2 (2502) and the method for transmittingdata symbol group #4 (2503) are of SISO transmission (SIMOtransmission)” may be selectable, and either a case where the “methodfor transmitting data symbol group #3 (403) is of MIMO transmission orMISO transmission” or a case where the “method for transmitting datasymbol group #3 (403) is of SISO transmission (SIMO transmission)” maybe selectable.

That is, a method for transmitting a plurality of data symbol groupspresent between a “set of the first preamble and the second preamble”and a next “set of the first preamble and the second preamble” is ofeither “MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or “SISO transmission(SIMO transmission),” and in the method for transmitting a plurality ofdata symbol groups present between the “set of the first preamble andthe second preamble” and the next “set of the first preamble and thesecond preamble,” there is no mix of MIMO transmission and SISOtransmission (SIMO transmission) and there is no mix of MISOtransmission and SISO transmission (SIMO transmission).

When there is a mix of the SISO (SIMO) transmitting method and the MIMO(MISO) transmitting method, a fluctuation of received field intensityincreases in the receiving apparatus. For this reason, there is aquantization error that is likely to occur during AD (Analog-to-Digital)conversion, and consequently, data reception quality may deteriorate.However, the above-described way increases a possibility that an effectof suppression of occurrence of such a phenomenon and improvement indata reception quality can be obtained.

However, the present disclosure is not limited to the above.

Moreover, in association with the above-described switching of thetransmitting methods, methods for inserting a pilot symbol to beinserted to a data symbol group are also switched, and there is also anadvantage from a viewpoint of improvement in data transmissionefficiency (because there is no mix of the SISO (SIMO) transmittingmethod and the MIMO (MISO) transmitting method). (When there is a mix ofthe SISO (SIMO) transmitting method and the MIMO (MISO) transmittingmethod, there is a possibility that frequency of inserting a pilotsymbol becomes excessive and that the data transmission efficiencydecreases.) Note that a configuration of a pilot symbol to be insertedto a data symbol group is as follows.

A “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol group during SISOtransmission” and a “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol groupduring MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” are different in a pilotsymbol configuring method. This point will be described with referenceto the figures. FIG. 41 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilotsymbol to be inserted to the data symbol group during SISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 41, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. FIG. 41 illustrates symbol4101 of data symbol group #1, and pilot symbol 4102. In this case, datais transmitted with symbol 4101 of data symbol group #1. Pilot symbol4102 is a symbol for performing frequency offset estimation, frequencysynchronization, time synchronization, signal detection and channelestimation (radio wave propagation environment estimation) in thereceiving apparatus. Pilot symbol 4102 is configured with, for example,a PSK (Phase Shift Keying) symbol (pilot symbol 4102 is highly likely toneed to be a PSK symbol) which is known in the transmitting apparatusand the receiving apparatus.

FIG. 42 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilot symbol to beinserted to the data symbol group during MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 42, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. “During MIMO transmission orMISO transmission,” modulated signals are transmitted from two antennas,respectively. Here, the modulated signals are referred to as modulatedsignal #1 and modulated signal #2. FIG. 42 illustrates an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #1 and an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #2 in combination.

Example 1

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 are PSK symbols.

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 are PSK symbols.

Then, “first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1” and “first pilot symbol 4201 formodulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal#2” are orthogonal (a correlation is zero) at a certain cycle.

Example 2

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 is a PSK symbol. Secondpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 is a null symbol (in-phasecomponent I is 0 (zero) and quadrature component Q is 0 (zero)) (hence,second pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 may not be referred toas a pilot symbol).

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Second pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 is a PSK symbol. Firstpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 is a null symbol (in-phasecomponent I is 0 (zero) and quadrature component Q is 0 (zero)) (hence,first pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 may not be referred toas a pilot symbol).

Moreover, in the frame configuration in FIG. 6, a method fortransmitting data symbol groups #1 (401_1 and 401_2), a method fortransmitting data symbol group #2 (402) and a method for transmittingdata symbol group #3 (403) may be set with first preamble 201 and/orsecond preamble 202.

In this case, either a case where the “method for transmitting datasymbol groups #1 (401_1 and 401_2) and the method for transmitting datasymbol group #2 (402) are of MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” ora case where the “method for transmitting data symbol groups #1 (401_1and 401_2) and the method for transmitting data symbol group #2 (402)are of SISO transmission (SIMO transmission)” may be selectable, andeither a case where the “method for transmitting data symbol group #3(403) is of MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or a case where the“method for transmitting data symbol group #3 (403) is of SISOtransmission (SIMO transmission)” may be selectable.

That is, a method for transmitting a plurality of data symbol groupspresent between a “set of the first preamble and the second preamble”and a “pilot symbol” is of either “MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission” or “SISO transmission (SIMO transmission)” (there is nomix of MIMO transmission and SISO transmission (SIMO transmission) andthere is no mix of MISO transmission and SISO transmission (SIMOtransmission)). Then, a method for transmitting a plurality of datasymbol groups present between the “pilot symbol” and a next “set of thefirst preamble and the second preamble” (however, FIG. 6 does notillustrate the “set of the first preamble and the second preamble” nextto the pilot symbol) is of either “MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission” or “SISO transmission (SIMO transmission)” (there is nomix of MIMO transmission and SISO transmission (SIMO transmission) andthere is no mix of MISO transmission and SISO transmission (SIMOtransmission)).

When there is a mix of the SISO (SIMO) transmitting method and the MIMO(MISO) transmitting method, fluctuation of received field intensityincreases in the receiving apparatus. For this reason, there is aquantization error that is likely to occur during AD (Analog-to-Digital)conversion, and consequently, data reception quality may deteriorate.However, the above-described way increases a possibility that an effectof suppression of occurrence of such a phenomenon and improvement indata reception quality can be obtained.

However, the present disclosure is not limited to the above.

Moreover, in association with the above-described switching of thetransmitting methods, methods for inserting a pilot symbol to beinserted to a data symbol group are also switched, and there is also anadvantage from a viewpoint of improvement in data transmissionefficiency (because there is no mix of the SISO (SIMO) transmittingmethod and the MIMO (MISO) transmitting method). (When there is a mix ofthe SISO (SIMO) transmitting method and the MIMO (MISO) transmittingmethod, there is a possibility that frequency of inserting a pilotsymbol becomes excessive and that the data transmission efficiencydecreases.) Note that a configuration of a pilot symbol to be insertedto a data symbol group is as follows.

A “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol group during SISOtransmission” and a “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol groupduring MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” are different in a pilotsymbol configuring method. This point will be described with referenceto the figures. FIG. 41 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilotsymbol to be inserted to the data symbol group during SISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 41, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. FIG. 41 illustrates symbol4101 of data symbol group #1, and pilot symbol 4102. In this case, datais transmitted with symbol 4101 of data symbol group #1. Pilot symbol4102 is a symbol for performing frequency offset estimation, frequencysynchronization, time synchronization, signal detection and channelestimation (radio wave propagation environment estimation) in thereceiving apparatus. Pilot symbol 4102 is configured with, for example,a PSK (Phase Shift Keying) symbol (pilot symbol 4102 is highly likely toneed to be a PSK symbol) which is known in the transmitting apparatusand the receiving apparatus.

FIG. 42 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilot symbol to beinserted to the data symbol group during MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 42, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. “During MIMO transmission orMISO transmission,” modulated signals are transmitted from two antennas,respectively. Here, the modulated signals are referred to as modulatedsignal #1 and modulated signal #2. FIG. 42 illustrates an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #1 and an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #2 in combination.

Example 1

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 are PSK symbols.

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 are PSK symbols.

Then, “first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1” and “first pilot symbol 4201 formodulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal#2” are orthogonal (a correlation is zero) at a certain cycle.

Example 2

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 is a PSK symbol. Secondpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 is a null symbol (in-phasecomponent I is 0 (zero) and quadrature component Q is 0 (zero)) (hence,second pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 may not be referred toas a pilot symbol).

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Second pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 is a PSK symbol. Firstpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 is a null symbol (in-phasecomponent I is 0 (zero) and quadrature component Q is 0 (zero)) (hence,first pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 may not be referred toas a pilot symbol).

Similarly, a method for transmitting data symbol group #1 (2501) in theframe configuration in FIG. 26, a method for transmitting data symbolgroup #2 (2502), a method for transmitting data symbol group #4 (2503)and a method for transmitting data symbol group #3 (403) may be set withfirst preamble 201 and/or second preamble 202.

In this case, either a case where the “method for transmitting datasymbol group #1 (2501), the method for transmitting data symbol group #2(2502) and the method for transmitting data symbol group #4 (2503) areof MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or a case where the “methodfor transmitting data symbol group #1 (2501), the method fortransmitting data symbol group #2 (2502) and the method for transmittingdata symbol group #4 (2503) are of SISO transmission (SIMOtransmission)” may be selectable, and either a case where the “methodfor transmitting data symbol group #3 (403) is of MIMO transmission orMISO transmission” or a case where the “method for transmitting datasymbol group #3 (403) is of SISO transmission (SIMO transmission)” maybe selectable.

That is, a method for transmitting a plurality of data symbol groupspresent between a “set of the first preamble and the second preamble”and a “pilot symbol” is of either “MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission” or “SISO transmission (SIMO transmission)” (there is nomix of MIMO transmission and SISO transmission (SIMO transmission) andthere is no mix of MISO transmission and SISO transmission (SIMOtransmission)). Then, a method for transmitting a plurality of datasymbol groups present between the “pilot symbol” and a next “set of thefirst preamble and the second preamble” (however, FIG. 6 does notillustrate the “set of the first preamble and the second preamble” nextto the pilot symbol) is of either “MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission” or “SISO transmission (SIMO transmission)” (there is nomix of MIMO transmission and SISO transmission (SIMO transmission) andthere is no mix of MISO transmission and SISO transmission (SIMOtransmission)).

When there is a mix of the SISO (SIMO) transmitting method and the MIMO(MISO) transmitting method, fluctuation of received field intensityincreases in the receiving apparatus. For this reason, there is aquantization error that is likely to occur during AD (Analog-to-Digital)conversion, and consequently, data reception quality may deteriorate.However, the above-described way increases a possibility that an effectof suppression of occurrence of such a phenomenon and improvement indata reception quality can be obtained.

However, the present disclosure is not limited to the above.

Moreover, in association with the above-described switching of thetransmitting methods, methods for inserting a pilot symbol to beinserted to a data symbol group are also switched, and there is also anadvantage from a viewpoint of improvement of data transmissionefficiency (because there is no mix of the SISO (SIMO) transmittingmethod and the MIMO (MISO) transmitting method). (When there is a mix ofthe SISO (SIMO) transmitting method and the MIMO (MISO) transmittingmethod, there is a possibility that frequency of inserting a pilotsymbol becomes excessive and that the data transmission efficiencydecreases.) Note that a configuration of a pilot symbol to be insertedto a data symbol group is as follows.

A “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol group during SISOtransmission” and a “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol groupduring MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” are different in a pilotsymbol configuring method. This point will be described with referenceto the figures. FIG. 41 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilotsymbol to be inserted to the data symbol group during SISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 41, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. FIG. 41 illustrates symbol4101 of data symbol group #1, and pilot symbol 4102. In this case, datais transmitted with symbol 4101 of data symbol group #1. Pilot symbol4102 is a symbol for performing frequency offset estimation, frequencysynchronization, time synchronization, signal detection and channelestimation (radio wave propagation environment estimation) in thereceiving apparatus. Pilot symbol 4102 is configured with, for example,a PSK (Phase Shift Keying) symbol (pilot symbol 4102 is highly likely toneed to be a PSK symbol) which is known in the transmitting apparatusand the receiving apparatus.

FIG. 42 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilot symbol to beinserted to the data symbol group during MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 42, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. “During MIMO transmission orMISO transmission,” modulated signals are transmitted from two antennas,respectively. Here, the modulated signals are referred to as modulatedsignal #1 and modulated signal #2. FIG. 42 illustrates an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #1 and an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #2 in combination.

Example 1

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 are PSK symbols.

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 are PSK symbols.

Then, “first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1” and “first pilot symbol 4201 formodulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal#2” are orthogonal (a correlation is zero) at a certain cycle.

Example 2

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 is a PSK symbol. Secondpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 is a null symbol (in-phasecomponent I is 0 (zero) and quadrature component Q is 0 (zero)) (hence,second pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 may not be referred toas a pilot symbol).

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Second pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 is a PSK symbol. Firstpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 is a null symbol (in-phasecomponent I is 0 (zero) and quadrature component Q is 0 (zero)) (hence,first pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 may not be referred toas a pilot symbol).

Third Exemplary Embodiment

The first exemplary embodiment and the second exemplary embodimentdescribe the MIMO transmitting method using precoding and phase changefor transmitting a plurality of streams by using a plurality of antennas(the MIMO transmitting method may be the MIMO transmitting method whichdoes not perform phase change), and the MISO (Multiple-InputSingle-Output) transmitting method using space time block codes (orspace frequency block codes) for transmitting a plurality of streams byusing a plurality of antennas. An example of a method for transmittingpreambles in a case where it is considered that a transmitting apparatustransmits modulated signals by these transmitting methods will bedescribed.

The transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 includes antenna 126_1 and antenna126_2. In this case, as an antenna configuring method which is highlylikely to be easy to demultiplex two modulated signals to betransmitted, there is a method in which

“antenna 126_1 is a horizontal polarizing antenna, and antenna 126_2 isa vertical polarizing antenna,”

or

“antenna 126_1 is a vertical polarizing antenna, and antenna 126_2 is ahorizontal polarizing antenna,”

or

“antenna 126_1 is a clockwise rotation round polarization antenna, andantenna 126_2 is a counterclockwise rotation round polarizationantenna,”

or

“antenna 126_1 is a counterclockwise rotation round polarizationantenna, and antenna 126_2 is a clockwise rotation round polarizationantenna.”

Such an antenna configuring method will be referred to as a firstantenna configuring method.

Moreover, an antenna configuring method other than the first antennaconfiguring method will be referred to as a second antenna configuringmethod. Hence, examples of the second antenna configuring method includemethods in which

“antenna 126_1 is a horizontal polarizing antenna, and antenna 126_2 isa horizontal polarizing antenna,”

and

“antenna 126_1 is a vertical polarizing antenna, and antenna 126_2 is avertical polarizing antenna,”

“antenna 126_1 is a counterclockwise rotation round polarizationantenna, and antenna 126_2 is a counterclockwise rotation roundpolarization antenna,”

and

“antenna 126_1 is a clockwise rotation round polarization antenna, andantenna 126_2 is a clockwise rotation round polarization antenna.”

Each transmitting apparatus (FIG. 1) is settable in the first antennaconfiguring method (for example, “antenna 126_1 is the horizontalpolarizing antenna, and antenna 126_2 is the vertical polarizingantenna” or “antenna 126_1 is the vertical polarizing antenna, andantenna 126_2 is the horizontal polarizing antenna”),

or

the second antenna configuring method (for example, “antenna 126_1 isthe horizontal polarizing antenna, and antenna 126_2 is the horizontalpolarizing antenna” or “antenna 126_1 is the vertical polarizingantenna, and antenna 126_2 is the vertical polarizing antenna”). Forexample, in a broadcast system, any antenna configuring method of thefirst antenna configuring method and the second antenna configuringmethod is adopted depending on a place to install the transmittingapparatus (installation area).

In such an antenna configuring method, a method for configuring a firstpreamble and a second preamble in a case of the frame configuringmethods, for example, in FIGS. 2 to 6, and 24 to 26 will be described.

As with the second exemplary embodiment, the transmitting apparatustransmits control information related to the antenna configuring methodby using the first preamble. In this case, the information related tothe antenna configuring method is m(0) and m(1).

In this case, when in two transmitting antennas of the transmittingapparatus, a first transmitting antenna is a horizontal polarizingantenna (that is, the first transmitting antenna transmits ahorizontally polarized first modulated signal) and a second transmittingantenna is a horizontal polarizing antenna (that is, the secondtransmitting antenna transmits a horizontally polarized second modulatedsignal), the transmitting apparatus sets m(0)=0 and m(1)=0, andtransmits m(0) and m(1).

When in the two transmitting antennas of the transmitting apparatus, thefirst transmitting antenna is a vertical polarizing antenna (that is,the first transmitting antenna transmits a vertically polarized firstmodulated signal) and the second transmitting antenna is a verticalpolarizing antenna (that is, the second transmitting antenna transmits avertically polarized second modulated signal), the transmittingapparatus sets m(0)=1 and m(1)=0, and transmits m(0) and m(1).

When in the two transmitting antennas of the transmitting apparatus, thefirst transmitting antenna is a horizontal polarizing antenna (that is,the first transmitting antenna transmits a horizontally polarized firstmodulated signal) and the second transmitting antenna is a verticalpolarizing antenna (that is, the second transmitting antenna transmits avertically polarized second modulated signal), the transmittingapparatus sets m(0)=0 and m(1)=1, and transmits m(0) and m(1).

When in the two transmitting antennas of the transmitting apparatus, thefirst transmitting antenna is a vertical polarizing antenna (that is,the first transmitting antenna transmits a vertically polarized firstmodulated signal) and the second transmitting antenna is a horizontalpolarizing antenna (that is, the second transmitting antenna transmits ahorizontally polarized second modulated signal), the transmittingapparatus sets m(0)=1 and m(1)=1, and transmits m(0) and m(1).

Then, the transmitting apparatus transmits m(0) and m(1) with, forexample, the first preamble in the frame configuring method in FIGS. 2to 6 and 24 to 26. Consequently, a receiving apparatus receives thefirst preamble and demodulates/decodes the first preamble, and thus thereceiving apparatus can easily learn what polarized wave is used totransmit a modulated signal (for example, the second preamble and thedata symbol group) transmitted by the transmitting apparatus.Consequently, it is possible to accurately set an antenna (including useof a polarized wave) to be used by the receiving apparatus duringreception. As a result, it is possible to obtain an effect of making itpossible to obtain a high reception gain (high reception fieldintensity) (there is also an advantage that it becomes unnecessary toperform signal processing for reception which has a small effect ofobtaining a gain). Consequently, it is possible to obtain an advantagethat data reception quality improves.

The above describes the point that “there is also an advantage that itbecomes unnecessary to perform signal processing for reception which hasa small effect of obtaining a gain.” Supplemental description will bemade on this point.

A case where the transmitting apparatus transmits modulated signals onlywith horizontally polarized waves and the receiving apparatus includes ahorizontal polarizing receiving antenna and a vertical polarizingreceiving antenna will be discussed. In this case, the modulated signalstransmitted by the transmitting apparatus can be received at thehorizontal polarizing receiving antenna of the receiving apparatus.However, the vertical polarizing receiving antenna of the receivingapparatus has very small reception field intensity of the modulatedsignals transmitted by the transmitting apparatus.

Hence, in such a case, when power consumed by the signal processing isconsidered, it is less necessary to perform an operation of performingsignal processing on received signals received at the verticalpolarizing receiving antenna of the receiving apparatus and obtainingdata.

In view of the above, it is necessary for the transmitting apparatus totransmit “control information related to an antenna configuring method,”and for the receiving apparatus to perform accurate control.

Next, a case where the transmitting apparatus includes two or morehorizontal polarizing antennas (however, it does not necessarily meanthat the transmitting apparatus does not include a vertical polarizingantenna), or a case where the transmitting apparatus includes two ormore vertical polarizing antennas (however, it does not necessarily meanthat the transmitting apparatus does not include a horizontal polarizingantenna) will be described.

<Case where Transmitting Apparatus Includes Two or More HorizontalPolarizing Antennas>

In this case, when the transmitting apparatus transmits a single stream(the SISO transmitting method or the SIMO transmitting method), thetransmitting apparatus transmits modulated signals from one or morehorizontal polarizing antennas. In consideration of this case, when thetransmitting apparatus transmits the first preamble including thecontrol information related to the antenna configuring method describedabove, from one or more horizontal polarizing antennas, the receivingapparatus can receive the first preamble including the controlinformation related to the antenna configuring method with a high gain,and, consequently, can obtain high data reception quality.

Then, the receiving apparatus obtains the control information related tothe antenna configuring method, and thus the receiving apparatus canlearn antenna configuration with which the transmitting apparatus hastransmitted the MIMO transmitting method and the MISO transmittingmethod.

<Case where Transmitting Apparatus Includes Two or More VerticalPolarizing Antennas>

In this case, when the transmitting apparatus transmits a single stream(the SISO transmitting method or the SIMO transmitting method), thetransmitting apparatus transmits modulated signals from one or morevertical polarizing antennas. In consideration of this case, when thetransmitting apparatus transmits the first preamble including thecontrol information related to the antenna configuring method describedabove, from one or more vertical polarizing antennas, the receivingapparatus can receive the first preamble including the controlinformation related to the antenna configuring method with a high gainand, consequently, can obtain high data reception quality.

Then, the receiving apparatus obtains the control information related tothe antenna configuring method, and thus the receiving apparatus canlearn antenna configuration with which the transmitting apparatus hastransmitted the MIMO transmitting method and the MISO transmittingmethod.

Next, a case where the transmitting apparatus includes a horizontalpolarizing antenna and a vertical polarizing antenna will be described.

In this case, when the transmitting apparatus transmits a single stream(the SISO transmitting method or the SIMO transmitting method), it canbe considered that the transmitting apparatus

a first method:

transmits modulated signals from the horizontal polarizing antenna andthe vertical polarizing antenna,

a second method:

transmits modulated signals from the horizontal polarizing antenna,

a third method:

transmits modulated signals from the vertical polarizing antenna.

In this case, transmission from an antenna used for transmitting thefirst preamble including the control information related to the antennaconfiguring method described above is performed by the same method as ina case of transmission from an antenna used for transmitting a singlestream (the SISO transmitting method or the SIMO transmitting method).

Hence, when modulated signals are transmitted by the first method intransmission of a single stream (the SISO transmitting method or theSIMO transmitting method), the first preamble including the controlinformation related to the antenna configuring method is transmittedfrom the horizontal polarizing antenna and the vertical polarizingantenna.

When modulated signals are transmitted by the second method, the firstpreamble including the control information related to the antennaconfiguring method is transmitted from the horizontal polarizingantenna.

When modulated signals are transmitted by the third method, the firstpreamble including the control information related to the antennaconfiguring method is transmitted from the vertical polarizing antenna.

In this way, there is an advantage that the receiving apparatus canreceive the first preamble in the same way as in receiving data symbolgroups transmitted by the SISO method (it becomes unnecessary to changea signal processing method according to a transmitting method) (it isalso possible to obtain the above-described advantage).

Then, the receiving apparatus obtains the control information related tothe antenna configuring method, and thus the receiving apparatus canlearn antenna configuration with which the transmitting apparatus hastransmitted the MIMO transmitting method and the MISO transmittingmethod.

As described above, the first preamble including the control informationrelated to the antenna configuring method is transmitted, and thus thereceiving apparatus can receive the first preamble with a high gain.Consequently, it is possible to obtain an effect of improvement in datasymbol group reception quality, and it is possible to obtain an effectof enabling improvement in power efficiency of the receiving apparatus.

Note that the case where the control information related to the antennaconfiguring method is contained in the first preamble is described aboveas an example, but even when the control information related to theantenna configuring method is not contained in the first preamble, it ispossible to obtain the same effect.

Then, the antenna used for transmitting the first preamble is highlylikely to be determined during installation or maintenance of thetransmitting apparatus, and a change in an antenna to be used during anoperation can also be made, but such a change is less likely to befrequently made during a practical operation.

Fourth Exemplary Embodiment

The example of a frame configuration in a modulated signal to betransmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 is described in theabove-described exemplary embodiments. A frame configuration in amodulated signal to be transmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG.1 will be further described in the present exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 30 is an example of a frame configuration in a modulated signal tobe transmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1. Elementsoperating in the same way as in FIG. 2 are assigned the same referencenumerals in FIG. 30 and will not be described. In FIG. 30, a verticalaxis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axis indicates time. Then,since a transmitting method using a multi-carrier such as an OFDM methodis used, there is a plurality of carriers on the vertical axisfrequency.

FIG. 30 illustrates data symbol group #1 3001, data symbol group #2 3002and data symbol group #3 3003. There are data symbol group #1 (3001),data symbol group #2 (3002) and data symbol group #3 (3003) from time t1to time t2, and, at every time, there is a plurality of data symbolgroups.

Similarly, FIG. 30 illustrates data symbol group #4 3004, data symbolgroup #5 3005 and data symbol group #6 3006. There are data symbol group#4 (3004), data symbol group #5 (3005) and data symbol group #6 (3006)from time t2 and time t3, and, at every time, there is a plurality ofdata symbol groups.

Then, FIG. 30 illustrates data symbol group #7 3007, data symbol group#8 3008 and data symbol group #9 3009. There are data symbol group #7(3007), data symbol group #8 (3008) and data symbol group #9 (3009) fromtime t3 to time t4, and, at every time, there is a plurality of datasymbol groups.

In this case, a number of carriers to be used in each data symbol groupcan be set. The number of symbol groups existing at every time is notlimited to three. There only need to be two or more symbol groups.

Note that a data symbol group may also be a symbol group based on theMIMO (transmitting) method and the MISO (transmitting) method (as amatter of course, the data symbol group may be a symbol group of theSISO (SIMO) method). In this case, at the same time and the same(common) frequency, a plurality of streams (s1 and s2 described below)is transmitted. (In this case, at the same time and the same (common)frequency, a plurality of modulated signals is transmitted from aplurality of (different) antennas.) Then, this point is not limited toFIG. 30, and the same also applies to FIGS. 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37and 38.

Characteristic points in FIG. 30 are such that frequency division isperformed, and that there are two or more time sections in which thereis a plurality of data symbol groups. Consequently, there is an effectof enabling symbol groups of different data reception quality to existat the same time, and of enabling a flexible setting of a datatransmission rate by appropriately defining data sections.

FIG. 31 is an example of a frame configuration in a modulated signal tobe transmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1. Elementsoperating in the same way as in FIGS. 2 and 30 are assigned the samereference numerals in FIG. 31 and will not be described. In FIG. 31, avertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axis indicatestime. Then, since a transmitting method using a multi-carrier such as anOFDM method is used, there is a plurality of carriers on the verticalaxis frequency.

FIG. 31 illustrates data symbol group #10 3101 and data symbol group #113102, and there are data symbol group #10 (3101) and data symbol group#11 (3102) from time t4 to time t5. In this case, temporal division isperformed and there is a plurality of data symbol groups.

Characteristic points in FIG. 31 are such that frequency division isperformed and there are two or more time sections in which there is aplurality of data symbol groups, and that temporal division is performedand there is a plurality of data symbols. Consequently, there is aneffect of enabling symbol groups of different data reception quality toexist at the same time, and of enabling a flexible setting of a datatransmission rate by appropriately defining data sections, and also ofenabling a flexible setting of a data transmission rate by performingtemporal division and appropriately defining data sections.

FIG. 32 is an example of a frame configuration in a modulated signal tobe transmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1. Elementsoperating in the same way as FIGS. 2, 30 and 5 are assigned the samereference numerals in FIG. 32 and will not be described. In FIG. 32, avertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axis indicatestime. Then, since a transmitting method using a multi-carrier methodsuch as an OFDM method is used, there is a plurality of carriers on thevertical axis frequency.

FIG. 32 illustrates data symbol group #7 3201 and data symbol group #83202, and there are data symbol group #7 (3201) and data symbol group #8(3202) from time t4 to time t5. In this case, temporal division isperformed and there is a plurality of data symbol groups.

A difference from FIG. 31 is that first preamble 501 and second preamble502 are arranged before data symbol group #7 (3201). In this case,control information related to data symbol groups #1 to #6 subjected tofrequency division (for example, a number of carriers and a timeinterval which are necessary for each data symbol group, a method formodulating each data symbol group, a method for transmitting each datasymbol group and a method of an error correction code to be used in eachdata symbol group) is transmitted with first preamble (201) and/orsecond preamble (202) in FIG. 32. Note that the example of controlinformation is described in the second exemplary embodiment (note thatthis point will be described additionally).

Then, control information related to data symbol groups #7 and #8subjected to temporal division (for example, a number of symbols (or atime interval) which are necessary for each data symbol group, a methodfor modulating each data symbol group, a method for transmitting eachdata symbol group and a method of an error correction code to be used ineach data symbol group) is transmitted with first preamble (501) and/orsecond preamble (502) in FIG. 32. Note that the example of controlinformation is described in the second exemplary embodiment (note thatthis point will be described additionally).

When the control information is transmitted in this way, it becomesunnecessary to incorporate dedicated control information for the datasymbol groups subjected to time division in first preamble 201 andsecond preamble 202, and also it becomes unnecessary to incorporatededicated control information for data symbol groups subjected tofrequency division in first preamble 501 and second preamble 502, and itis possible to realize data transmission efficiency of controlinformation and simplification of control on control information of thereceiving apparatus.

Characteristic points in FIG. 32 are such that frequency division isperformed and there are two or more time sections in which there is aplurality of data symbol groups, and that temporal division is performedand there is a plurality of data symbols. Consequently, there is aneffect of enabling symbol groups of different data reception quality toexist at the same time, and of enabling a flexible setting of a datatransmission rate by appropriately defining data sections, and also ofenabling a flexible setting of a data transmission rate by performingtemporal division and appropriately defining data sections.

FIG. 33 is an example of a frame configuration in a modulated signal tobe transmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1. Elementsoperating in the same way as in FIGS. 2, 30, 32 and 6 are assigned thesame reference numerals in FIG. 33 and will not be described. In FIG.33, a vertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axisindicates time. Then, since a transmitting method using a multi-carriermethod such as an OFDM method is used, there is a plurality of carrierson the vertical axis frequency.

FIG. 33 illustrates data symbol group #7 3201 and data symbol group #83202, and there are data symbol group #7 (3201) and data symbol group #8(3202) from time t4 to time t5. In this case, temporal division isperformed and there is a plurality of data symbol groups.

A difference between FIGS. 30 and 31 is that pilot symbol 601 isarranged before data symbol group #7 (3201). In this case, an advantagein a case of arranging pilot symbol 601 is as described in the firstexemplary embodiment.

Characteristic points in FIG. 33 are such that frequency division isperformed and there are two or more time sections in which there is aplurality of data symbol groups, and that temporal division is performedand there is a plurality of data symbols. Consequently, there is aneffect of enabling symbol groups of different data reception quality toexist at the same time, and of enabling a flexible setting of a datatransmission rate by appropriately defining data sections, and also ofenabling a flexible setting of a data transmission rate by performingtemporal division and appropriately defining data sections.

FIG. 34 is an example of a frame configuration in a modulated signal tobe transmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1. Elementsoperating in the same way as FIG. 2 are assigned the same referencenumerals in FIG. 34 and will not be described. In FIG. 34, a verticalaxis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axis indicates time. Then,since a transmitting method using a multi-carrier method such as an OFDMmethod is used, there is a plurality of carriers on the vertical axisfrequency.

FIG. 34 illustrates data symbol group #1 3401, data symbol group #23402, data symbol group #3 3403, data symbol group #4 3404, data symbolgroup #5 3405, data symbol group #6 3406, data symbol group #7 3407, anddata symbol group #8 3408.

In FIG. 34, a data symbol group is arranged on a frame by using afrequency division method. Then, a difference of FIG. 34 from FIGS. 30to 33 is that there is flexibility in a setting of a time intervalbetween respective data symbol groups.

For example, data symbol group #1 has symbols arranged from time t1 totime t2, and has a long time interval as compared to other data symbols.Data symbol groups other than data symbol group #1 also each have a timeinterval flexibly set.

Characteristic points in FIG. 34 are such that frequency division isperformed, and that time intervals of data symbol groups are flexiblyset. Consequently, there is an effect of enabling symbol groups ofdifferent data reception quality to exist at the same time, and ofenabling a flexible setting of a data transmission rate by appropriatelydefining data sections.

FIG. 35 is an example of a frame configuration in a modulated signal tobe transmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1. Elementsoperating in the same way as FIGS. 2 and 34 are assigned the samereference numerals in FIG. 35 and will not be described. In FIG. 35, avertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axis indicatestime. Then, since a transmitting method using a multi-carrier methodsuch as an OFDM method is used, there is a plurality of carriers on thevertical axis frequency.

FIG. 35 illustrates data symbol group #9 3509, data symbol group #103510, data symbol group #11 3511 and data symbol group #12 3512.Frequency division is performed, and data symbol group #9, data symbolgroup #10, data symbol group #11, data symbol group #12 and data symbolgroup #13 are transmitted between time t2 and time t3. As compared totime t1 and time t2, characteristic points are such that a time intervalof data symbol group #9, a time interval of data symbol group #10, and atime interval of data symbol group #11 are equal, and a time interval ofdata symbol group #12, and a time interval of data symbol group #13 areequal.

FIG. 35 illustrates data symbol group #14 3514 and data symbol group #153515. Temporal division is performed, and data symbol group #14 and datasymbol group #15 are transmitted between time t3 and time t4.

Consequently, there is an effect of enabling symbol groups of differentdata reception quality to exist at the same time, and of enabling aflexible setting of a data transmission rate by appropriately definingdata sections and frequency sections.

FIG. 36 is an example of a frame configuration in a modulated signal tobe transmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1. Elementsoperating in the same way as FIGS. 2, 6, 34 and 35 are assigned the samereference numerals in FIG. 36 and will not be described. In FIG. 36, avertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axis indicatestime. Then, since a transmitting method using a multi-carrier methodsuch as an OFDM method is used, there is a plurality of carriers on thevertical axis frequency.

A difference of FIG. 36 from FIG. 35 is that first preamble 501, secondpreamble 502, first preamble 3601 and second preamble 3602 are arranged.In this case, data symbol groups #1 to #8 and data symbol groups #9 to#13 are subjected to frequency division, and also data symbol groups #14and #15 are subjected to time division to be arranged.

Consequently, there is an effect of enabling symbol groups of differentdata reception quality to exist at the same time, and of enabling aflexible setting of a data transmission rate by appropriately definingdata sections and frequency sections.

In this case, control information related to data symbol groups #1 to #8subjected to frequency division (for example, a number of carriers and atime interval which are necessary for each data symbol group, a methodfor modulating each data symbol group, a method for transmitting eachdata symbol group and a method of an error correction code to be used ineach data symbol group) is transmitted with first preamble (201) and/orsecond preamble (202) in FIG. 36. Note that the example of controlinformation is described in the second exemplary embodiment (note thatthis point will be described additionally).

Then, control information related to data symbol groups #9 to #13subjected to frequency division (for example, a number of carriers and atime interval which are necessary for each data symbol group, a methodfor modulating each data symbol group, a method for transmitting eachdata symbol group and a method of an error correction code to be used ineach data symbol group) is transmitted with first preamble (501) and/orsecond preamble (502) in FIG. 36. Note that the example of controlinformation is described in the second exemplary embodiment (note thatthis point will be described additionally).

Moreover, control information related to data symbol groups #14 and #15subjected to temporal division (for example, a number of symbols (or atime interval) which is necessary for each data symbol group, a methodfor modulating each data symbol group, a method for transmitting eachdata symbol group and a method of an error correction code to be used ineach data symbol group) is transmitted with first preamble (3601) and/orsecond preamble (3602) in FIG. 36. Note that the example of controlinformation is described in the second exemplary embodiment (note thatthis point will be described additionally).

When the control information is transmitted in this way, it becomesunnecessary to incorporate dedicated control information for the datasymbol groups subjected to time division in first preamble 201, secondpreamble 202, first preamble 501 and second preamble 502, and also itbecomes unnecessary to incorporate dedicated control information fordata symbol groups subjected to frequency division in first preamble3601 and second preamble 3602, and it is possible to realize datatransmission efficiency of control information and simplification ofcontrol on control information of the receiving apparatus.

FIG. 37 is an example of a frame configuration in a modulated signal tobe transmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1. Elementsoperating in the same way as FIGS. 2, 6, 34 and 35 are assigned the samereference numerals in FIG. 37 and will not be described. In FIG. 37, avertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axis indicatestime. Then, since a transmitting method using a multi-carrier methodsuch as an OFDM method is used, there is a plurality of carriers on thevertical axis frequency.

A difference of FIG. 37 from FIGS. 35 and 36 is that pilot symbols 601and 3701 are arranged. In this case, data symbol groups #1 to #8 anddata symbol groups #9 to #13 are subjected to frequency division, andalso data symbol groups #14 and #15 are subjected to time division to bearranged.

Consequently, there is an effect of enabling symbol groups of differentdata reception quality to exist at the same time, and of enabling aflexible setting of a data transmission rate by appropriately definingdata sections and frequency sections. Moreover, an effect in a case ofinserting a pilot symbol is as described in the first exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 38 is an example of a frame configuration in a modulated signal tobe transmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1. Elementsoperating in the same way as FIGS. 2, 6, 34 and 35 are assigned the samereference numerals in

FIG. 38 and will not be described. In FIG. 38, a vertical axis indicatesa frequency, and a horizontal axis indicates time. Then, since atransmitting method using a multi-carrier method such as an OFDM methodis used, there is a plurality of carriers on the vertical axisfrequency.

A difference of FIG. 38 from FIGS. 35, 36 and 37 is that the “firstpreamble and the second preamble” or “pilot symbols” 3801 and 3802 arearranged. In this case, data symbol groups #1 to #8 and data symbolgroups #9 to #13 are subjected to frequency division, and also datasymbol groups #14 and #15 are subjected to time division to be arranged.

Consequently, there is an effect of enabling symbol groups of differentdata reception quality to exist at the same time, and of enabling aflexible setting of a data transmission rate by appropriately definingdata sections and frequency sections.

Then, as illustrated in FIG. 38, the “first preamble and the secondpreamble” or “pilot symbols” 3801 and 3802 are inserted and, dependingon a situation, the “first preamble and the second preamble” or the“pilot symbols” are switched and used. The above-described switching maybe performed based on, for example, the transmitting method.

FIGS. 30 to 38 illustrate the examples where a data symbol groupsubjected to time division is arranged after a data symbol groupsubjected to frequency division. However, the arrangement is not limitedto this arrangement. The data symbol group subjected to frequencydivision may be arranged after the data symbol group subjected to timedivision. In this case, in the example in FIGS. 32 and 36, the firstpreamble and the second preamble are inserted between the data symbolgroup subjected to time division and the data symbol group subjected tofrequency division. (However, symbols other than the first preamble andthe second preamble may be inserted.) Moreover, in the example in FIGS.33 and 37, the pilot symbol is inserted between the data symbol groupsubjected to time division and the data symbol group subjected tofrequency division (however, symbols other than the pilot symbol may beinserted).

In the present exemplary embodiment, the examples of the frameconfiguration of the modulated signal to be transmitted by thetransmitting apparatus are described with reference to FIGS. 30 to 38.With reference to these figures, the above describes the point that“time division (temporal division) is performed.” However, when two datasymbol groups are connected, there is a portion subjected to frequencydivision at a seam portion. This point will be described with referenceto FIG. 39.

FIG. 39 illustrates symbol 3901 of data symbol group #1 and symbol 3902of data symbol group #2. As illustrated at time t0 in FIG. 39, thesymbol of data symbol group #1 ends with carrier 4. In this case, thesymbol of data symbol group #2 is arranged from carrier 5 at time to.Then, only a portion at time t0 is exceptionally subjected to frequencydivision. However, there is only the symbol of data symbol group #1before time t0, and there is only the symbol of data symbol group #2after time t0. At this point, time division (temporal division) isperformed.

FIG. 40 illustrates another example. Note that the same referencenumerals as those in FIG. 39 are assigned. As illustrated at time t0 inFIG. 40, the symbol of data symbol group #1 ends with carrier 4. Then,as illustrated at time t1, the symbol of data symbol group #1 ends withcarrier 5. Then, the symbol of data symbol group #2 is arranged fromcarrier 5 at time t0, and the symbol of data symbol group #2 is arrangedfrom carrier 6 at time t1. Then, portions at time t0 and time t1 areexceptionally subjected to frequency division. However, there is onlythe symbol of data symbol group #1 before time t0, and there is only thesymbol of data symbol #2 after time t1. At this point, time division(temporal division) is performed.

As illustrated in FIGS. 39 and 40, there is a case where, except for theexceptional portions, there are time at which there is no data symbolother than the symbol of data symbol group #1 (there may be a pilotsymbol or the like) and time at which there is no data symbol other thanthe symbol of data symbol group #2 (there may be a pilot symbol or thelike). This case will be referred to as “time division (temporaldivision) is performed” (hence, an exceptional time existing method isnot limited to FIGS. 39 and 40).

Moreover, the “time division (temporal division) is performed” is notlimited to the present exemplary embodiment, and the same interpretationalso applies to the other exemplary embodiments.

As described in the first exemplary embodiment, the transmittingapparatus in FIG. 1 may select any frame configuration of the frameconfigurations described in the first exemplary embodiment to the thirdexemplary embodiment and the frame configuration described in thepresent exemplary embodiment, and may transmit a modulated signal (anexample of the method for configuring control information of informationrelated to a frame configuration is as described in the first exemplaryembodiment).

Then, the receiving apparatus (for example, FIG. 23) which receives themodulated signal transmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1receives the control information described in the first exemplaryembodiment, the second exemplary embodiment and the like,demodulates/decodes a data symbol group based on this controlinformation and obtains information. As a result, the informationdescribed herein is transmitted as control information, and thus it ispossible to obtain an effect of enabling improvement in data receptionquality and improvement in data transmission efficiency and of enablingan accurate operation of the receiving apparatus.

The method for transmitting data symbol groups #1 to #6 in the frameconfiguration in FIG. 32 may be set with first preamble 201 and/orsecond preamble 202. The method for transmitting data symbol groups #7and #8 may be set with first preamble 501 and/or second preamble 502.

In this case, either a case where the “method for transmitting datasymbol groups #1 to #6 is of MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” ora case where the “method for transmitting data symbol groups #1 to #6 isof SISO transmission (SIMO transmission)” may be selectable, and eithera case where the “method for transmitting data symbol groups #7 and #8is of MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or a case where the“method for transmitting data symbol groups #7 and #8 is of SISOtransmission (SIMO transmission)” may be selectable.

That is, a method for transmitting a plurality of data symbol groupspresent between a “set of the first preamble and the second preamble”and a next “set of the first preamble and the second preamble” is ofeither “MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or “SISO transmission(SIMO transmission),” and in the method for transmitting a plurality ofdata symbol groups present between the “set of the first preamble andthe second preamble” and the next “set of the first preamble and thesecond preamble,” there is no mix of MIMO transmission and SISOtransmission (SIMO transmission) and there is no mix of MISOtransmission and SISO transmission (SIMO transmission).

When there is a mix of the SISO (SIMO) transmitting method and the MIMO(MISO) transmitting method, a fluctuation of received field intensityincreases in the receiving apparatus. For this reason, there is aquantization error that is likely to occur during AD (Analog-to-Digital)conversion, and consequently, data reception quality may deteriorate.However, the above-described way increases a possibility that an effectof suppression of occurrence of such a phenomenon and improvement indata reception quality can be obtained.

However, the present disclosure is not limited to the above.

Moreover, in association with the above-described switching of thetransmitting methods, methods for inserting a pilot symbol to beinserted to a data symbol group are also switched, and there is also anadvantage from a viewpoint of improvement in data transmissionefficiency (because there is no mix of the SISO (SIMO) transmittingmethod and the MIMO (MISO) transmitting method). (When there is a mix ofthe SISO (SIMO) transmitting method and the MIMO (MISO) transmittingmethod, there is a possibility that frequency of inserting a pilotsymbol becomes excessive and that the data transmission efficiencydecreases.) Note that a configuration of a pilot symbol to be insertedto a data symbol group is as follows.

A “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol group during SISOtransmission” and a “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol groupduring MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” are different in a pilotsymbol configuring method. This point will be described with referenceto the figures. FIG. 41 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilotsymbol to be inserted to the data symbol group during SISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 41, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. FIG. 41 illustrates symbol4101 of data symbol group #1, and pilot symbol 4102. In this case, datais transmitted with symbol 4101 of data symbol group #1. Pilot symbol4102 is a symbol for performing frequency offset estimation, frequencysynchronization, time synchronization, signal detection and channelestimation (radio wave propagation environment estimation) in thereceiving apparatus. Pilot symbol 4102 is configured with, for example,a PSK (Phase Shift Keying) symbol (pilot symbol 4102 is highly likely toneed to be a PSK symbol) which is known in the transmitting apparatusand the receiving apparatus.

FIG. 42 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilot symbol to beinserted to the data symbol group during MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 42, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. “During MIMO transmission orMISO transmission,” modulated signals are transmitted from two antennas,respectively. Here, the modulated signals are referred to as modulatedsignal #1 and modulated signal #2. FIG. 42 illustrates an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #1 and an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #2 in combination.

Example 1

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 are PSK symbols.

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 are PSK symbols.

Then, “first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1” and “first pilot symbol 4201 formodulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal#2” are orthogonal (a correlation is zero) at a certain cycle.

Example 2

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 is a PSK symbol. Secondpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 is a null symbol (in-phasecomponent I is 0 (zero) and quadrature component Q is 0 (zero)) (hence,second pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 may not be referred toas a pilot symbol).

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Second pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 is a PSK symbol. Firstpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 is a null symbol (in-phasecomponent I is 0 (zero) and quadrature component Q is 0 (zero)) (hence,first pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 may not be referred toas a pilot symbol).

Similarly, the method for transmitting data symbol groups #1 to #8 inthe frame configuration in FIG. 36 may be set with first preamble 201and/or second preamble 202. The method for transmitting data symbolgroups #9 to #13 may be set with first preamble 501 and/or secondpreamble 502. The method for transmitting data symbol groups #14 and #15may be set with first preamble 3601 and/or second preamble 3602.

In this case, either a case where the “method for transmitting datasymbol groups #1 to #8 is of MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” ora case where the “method for transmitting data symbol groups #1 to #8 isof SISO transmission (SIMO transmission)” may be selectable, and eithera case where the “method for transmitting data symbol groups #9 to #13is of MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or a case where the“method for transmitting data symbol groups #9 to #13 is of SISOtransmission (SIMO transmission)” may be selectable, and either a casewhere the “method for transmitting data symbol groups #14 and #15 is ofMIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or a case where the “method fortransmitting data symbol groups #14 and #15 is of SISO transmission(SIMO transmission)” may be selectable.

That is, a method for transmitting a plurality of data symbol groupspresent between a “set of the first preamble and the second preamble”and a next “set of the first preamble and the second preamble” is ofeither “MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or “SISO transmission(SIMO transmission),” and in the method for transmitting a plurality ofdata symbol groups present between the “set of the first preamble andthe second preamble” and the next “set of the first preamble and thesecond preamble,” there is no mix of MIMO transmission and SISOtransmission (SIMO transmission) and there is no mix of MISOtransmission and SISO transmission (SIMO transmission).

When there is a mix of the SISO (SIMO) transmitting method and the MIMO(MISO) transmitting method, fluctuation of received field intensityincreases in the receiving apparatus. For this reason, there is aquantization error that is likely to occur during AD (Analog-to-Digital)conversion, and consequently, data reception quality may deteriorate.However, the above-described way increases a possibility that an effectof suppression of occurrence of such a phenomenon and improvement indata reception quality can be obtained.

However, the present disclosure is not limited to the above.

Moreover, in association with the above-described switching of thetransmitting methods, methods for inserting a pilot symbol to beinserted to a data symbol group are also switched, and there is also anadvantage from a viewpoint of improvement in data transmissionefficiency (because there is no mix of the SISO (SIMO) transmittingmethod and the MIMO (MISO) transmitting method). (When there is a mix ofthe SISO (SIMO) transmitting method and the MIMO (MISO) transmittingmethod, there is a possibility that frequency of inserting a pilotsymbol becomes excessive and that the data transmission efficiencydecreases.) Note that a configuration of a pilot symbol to be insertedto a data symbol group is as follows.

A “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol group during SISOtransmission” and a “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol groupduring MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” are different in a pilotsymbol configuring method. This point will be described with referenceto the figures. FIG. 41 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilotsymbol to be inserted to the data symbol group during SISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 41, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. FIG. 41 illustrates symbol4101 of data symbol group #1, and pilot symbol 4102. In this case, datais transmitted with symbol 4101 of data symbol group #1. Pilot symbol4102 is a symbol for performing frequency offset estimation, frequencysynchronization, time synchronization, signal detection and channelestimation (radio wave propagation environment estimation) in thereceiving apparatus. Pilot symbol 4102 is configured with, for example,a PSK (Phase Shift Keying) symbol (pilot symbol 4102 is highly likely toneed to be a PSK symbol) which is known in the transmitting apparatusand the receiving apparatus.

FIG. 42 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilot symbol to beinserted to the data symbol group during MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 42, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. “During MIMO transmission orMISO transmission,” modulated signals are transmitted from two antennas,respectively. Here, the modulated signals are referred to as modulatedsignal #1 and modulated signal #2. FIG. 42 illustrates an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #1 and an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #2 in combination.

Example 1

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 are PSK symbols.

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 are PSK symbols.

Then, “first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1” and “first pilot symbol 4201 formodulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal#2” are orthogonal (a correlation is zero) at a certain cycle.

Example 2

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 is a PSK symbol. Secondpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 is a null symbol (in-phasecomponent I is 0 (zero) and quadrature component Q is 0 (zero)) (hence,second pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 may not be referred toas a pilot symbol).

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Second pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 is a PSK symbol. Firstpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 is a null symbol (in-phasecomponent I is 0 (zero) and quadrature component Q is 0 (zero)) (hence,first pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 may not be referred toas a pilot symbol).

Moreover, the method for transmitting data symbol groups #1 to #8 in theframe configuration in FIG. 33 may be set with first preamble 201 and/orsecond preamble 202.

In this case, either a case where the “method for transmitting datasymbol groups #1 to #6 is of MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” ora case where the “method for transmitting data symbol groups #1 to #6 isof SISO transmission (SIMO transmission)” may be selectable, and eithera case where the “method for transmitting data symbol groups #7 and #8is of MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or a case where the“method for transmitting data symbol groups #7 and #8 is of SISOtransmission (SIMO transmission)” may be selectable.

That is, a method for transmitting a plurality of data symbol groupspresent between a “set of the first preamble and the second preamble”and a “pilot symbol” is of either “MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission” or “SISO transmission (SIMO transmission)” (there is nomix of MIMO transmission and SISO transmission (SIMO transmission) andthere is no mix of MISO transmission SISO transmission (SIMOtransmission)). Then, a method for transmitting a plurality of datasymbol groups present between the “pilot symbol” and a next “set of thefirst preamble and the second preamble” (however, FIG. 33 does notillustrate the “set of the first preamble and the second preamble” nextto the pilot symbol) is of either “MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission” or “SISO transmission (SIMO transmission)” (there is nomix of MIMO transmission and SISO transmission (SIMO transmission) andthere is no mix of MISO transmission and SISO transmission (SIMOtransmission)).

When there is a mix of the SISO (SIMO) transmitting method and the MIMO(MISO) transmitting method, fluctuation of received field intensityincreases in the receiving apparatus. For this reason, there is aquantization error that is likely to occur during AD (Analog-to-Digital)conversion, and consequently, data reception quality may deteriorate.However, the above-described way increases a possibility that an effectof suppression of occurrence of such a phenomenon and improvement indata reception quality can be obtained.

However, the present disclosure is not limited to the above.

Moreover, in association with the above-described switching of thetransmitting methods, methods for inserting a pilot symbol to beinserted to a data symbol group are also switched, and there is also anadvantage from a viewpoint of improvement in data transmissionefficiency (because there is no mix of the SISO (SIMO) transmittingmethod and the MIMO (MISO) transmitting method). (When there is a mix ofthe SISO (SIMO) transmitting method and the MIMO (MISO) transmittingmethod, there is a possibility that frequency of inserting a pilotsymbol becomes excessive and that the data transmission efficiencydecreases.) Note that a configuration of a pilot symbol to be insertedto a data symbol group is as follows.

A “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol group during SISOtransmission” and a “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol groupduring MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” are different in a pilotsymbol configuring method. This point will be described with referenceto the figures. FIG. 41 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilotsymbol to be inserted to the data symbol group during SISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 41, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. FIG. 41 illustrates symbol4101 of data symbol group #1, and pilot symbol 4102. In this case, datais transmitted with symbol 4101 of data symbol group #1. Pilot symbol4102 is a symbol for performing frequency offset estimation, frequencysynchronization, time synchronization, signal detection and channelestimation (radio wave propagation environment estimation) in thereceiving apparatus. Pilot symbol 4102 is configured with, for example,a PSK (Phase Shift Keying) symbol (pilot symbol 4102 is highly likely toneed to be a PSK symbol) which is known in the transmitting apparatusand the receiving apparatus.

FIG. 42 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilot symbol to beinserted to the data symbol group during MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 42, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. “During MIMO transmission orMISO transmission,” modulated signals are transmitted from two antennas,respectively. Here, the modulated signals are referred to as modulatedsignal #1 and modulated signal #2. FIG. 42 illustrates an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #1 and an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #2 in combination.

Example 1

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 are PSK symbols.

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 are PSK symbols.

Then, “first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1” and “first pilot symbol 4201 formodulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal#2” are orthogonal (a correlation is zero) at a certain cycle.

Example 2

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 is a PSK symbol. Secondpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 is a null symbol (in-phasecomponent I is 0 (zero) and quadrature component Q is 0 (zero)) (hence,second pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 may not be referred toas a pilot symbol).

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Second pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 is a PSK symbol. Firstpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 is a null symbol (in-phasecomponent I is 0 (zero) and quadrature component Q is 0 (zero)) (hence,first pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 may not be referred toas a pilot symbol).

Similarly, the method for transmitting data symbol groups #1 to #15 inthe frame configuration in FIG. 37 may be set with first preamble 201and/or second preamble 202.

In this case, either a case where the “method for transmitting datasymbol groups #1 to #8 is of MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” ora case where the “method for transmitting data symbol groups #1 to #8 isof SISO transmission (SIMO transmission)” may be selectable, and eithera case where the “method for transmitting data symbol groups #9 to #13is of MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or a case where the“method for transmitting data symbol groups #9 to #13 is of SISOtransmission (SIMO transmission)” may be selectable, and either a casewhere the “method for transmitting data symbol groups #14 and #15 is ofMIMO transmission or MISO transmission” or a case where the “method fortransmitting data symbol groups #14 and #15 is of SISO transmission(SIMO transmission)” may be selectable.

That is, a method for transmitting a plurality of data symbol groupspresent between a “set of the first preamble and the second preamble”and a “pilot symbol” is of either “MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission” or “SISO transmission (SIMO transmission)” (there is nomix of MIMO transmission and SISO transmission (SIMO transmission) andthere is no mix of MISO transmission and SISO transmission (SIMOtransmission)). Then, a method for transmitting a plurality of datasymbol groups present between the “pilot symbol” and a next “set of thefirst preamble and the second preamble” (however, FIG. 37 does notillustrate the “set of the first preamble and the second preamble” nextto the pilot symbol) is of either “MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission” or “SISO transmission (SIMO transmission)” (there is nomix of MIMO transmission and SISO transmission (SIMO transmission) andthere is no mix of MISO transmission and SISO transmission (SIMOtransmission)).

Moreover, a method for transmitting a plurality of data symbol groupspresent between a “pilot symbol” and a “pilot symbol” is of either “MIMOtransmission or MISO transmission” or “SISO transmission (SIMOtransmission)” (there is no mix of MIMO transmission and SISOtransmission (SIMO transmission) and there is no mix of MISOtransmission and SISO transmission (SIMO transmission)).

When there is a mix of the SISO (SIMO) transmitting method and the MIMO(MISO) transmitting method, fluctuation of received field intensityincreases in the receiving apparatus. For this reason, there is aquantization error that is likely to occur during AD (Analog-to-Digital)conversion, and consequently, data reception quality may deteriorate.However, the above-described way increases a possibility that an effectof suppression of occurrence of such a phenomenon and improvement indata reception quality can be obtained.

However, the present disclosure is not limited to the above.

Moreover, in association with the above-described switching of thetransmitting methods, methods for inserting a pilot symbol to beinserted to a data symbol group are also switched, and there is also anadvantage from a viewpoint of improvement in data transmissionefficiency (because there is no mix of the SISO (SIMO) transmittingmethod and the MIMO (MISO) transmitting method). (When there is a mix ofthe SISO (SIMO) transmitting method and the MIMO (MISO) transmittingmethod, there is a possibility that frequency of inserting a pilotsymbol becomes excessive and that the data transmission efficiencydecreases.) Note that a configuration of a pilot symbol to be insertedto a data symbol group is as follows.

A “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol group during SISOtransmission” and a “pilot symbol to be inserted to a data symbol groupduring MIMO transmission or MISO transmission” are different in a pilotsymbol configuring method. This point will be described with referenceto the figures. FIG. 41 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilotsymbol to be inserted to the data symbol group during SISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 41, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. FIG. 41 illustrates symbol4101 of data symbol group #1, and pilot symbol 4102. In this case, datais transmitted with symbol 4101 of data symbol group #1. Pilot symbol4102 is a symbol for performing frequency offset estimation, frequencysynchronization, time synchronization, signal detection and channelestimation (radio wave propagation environment estimation) in thereceiving apparatus. Pilot symbol 4102 is configured with, for example,a PSK (Phase Shift Keying) symbol (pilot symbol 4102 is highly likely toneed to be a PSK symbol) which is known in the transmitting apparatusand the receiving apparatus.

FIG. 42 illustrates an insertion example of the “pilot symbol to beinserted to the data symbol group during MIMO transmission or MISOtransmission.” Note that in FIG. 42, a horizontal axis indicates time,and a vertical axis indicates a frequency. “During MIMO transmission orMISO transmission,” modulated signals are transmitted from two antennas,respectively. Here, the modulated signals are referred to as modulatedsignal #1 and modulated signal #2. FIG. 42 illustrates an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #1 and an insertionexample of a pilot symbol of modulated signal #2 in combination.

Example 1

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 are PSK symbols.

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Both of first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 are PSK symbols.

Then, “first pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilotsymbol 4202 for modulated signal #1” and “first pilot symbol 4201 formodulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal#2” are orthogonal (a correlation is zero) at a certain cycle.

Example 2

Case of Modulated Signal #1:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #1 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #1 is a PSK symbol. Secondpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 is a null symbol (in-phasecomponent I is 0 (zero) and quadrature component Q is 0 (zero)) (hence,second pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #1 may not be referred toas a pilot symbol).

Case of Modulated Signal #2:

First pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 and second pilot symbol4202 for modulated signal #2 are inserted as illustrated in FIG. 42.Second pilot symbol 4201 for modulated signal #2 is a PSK symbol. Firstpilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 is a null symbol (in-phasecomponent I is 0 (zero) and quadrature component Q is 0 (zero)) (hence,first pilot symbol 4202 for modulated signal #2 may not be referred toas a pilot symbol).

Fifth Exemplary Embodiment

The frame of a modulated signal to be transmitted by the transmittingapparatus in FIG. 1 is described in the fourth exemplary embodiment withreference to FIGS. 30 to 38. In each of FIGS. 30 to 38, the frame isconfigured in a case where a data symbol group is subjected to frequencydivision and in a case where a data symbol group is subjected to timedivision (temporal division). In this case, it is necessary toaccurately transmit frequency resources (carriers) and time resources tobe used by each data symbol group to a receiving apparatus.

In the present exemplary embodiment, an example of a method forconfiguring control information related to a frequency (frequencyresources) and time (time resources) to be used by each data symbolgroup in a case of the frame configurations in FIGS. 30 to 38 will bedescribed. Note that the frame configurations in FIGS. 30 to 38 are onlyexamples, and detailed requirements of frame configurations are asdescribed in the fourth exemplary embodiment.

<Case where Frequency Division is Performed>

An example of a method for generating control information related tofrequency resources and time resources to be used by each data symbolgroup in a case where frequency division is performed will be described.

FIG. 43 illustrates an example in a case where a data symbol group issubjected to frequency division in a frame of a modulated signal to betransmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1. In FIG. 43, avertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axis indicatestime. Note that as with the first exemplary embodiment to the fourthexemplary embodiment, a data symbol group may be of symbols of anymethod of an SISO method (SIMO method), an MIMO method and an MISOmethod.

FIG. 43 illustrates symbol 4301 of data symbol group #1. Data symbolgroup #1 (4301) is transmitted by using carrier 1 to carrier 5 and byusing time 1 to time 16 (however, a first index of a carrier is assumedto be “carrier 1” but is not limited to “carrier 1,” and also a firstindex of time is assumed to be “time 1” but is not limited to “time 1”).

FIG. 43 illustrates symbol 4302 of data symbol group #2. Data symbolgroup #2 (4302) is transmitted by using carrier 6 to carrier 9 and byusing time 1 to time 5.

FIG. 43 illustrates symbol 4303 of data symbol group #3. Data symbolgroup #3 (4303) is transmitted by using carrier 10 to carrier 14 and byusing time 1 to time 16.

FIG. 43 illustrates symbol 4304 of data symbol group #4. Data symbolgroup #4 (4304) is transmitted by using carrier 6 to carrier 9 and byusing time 6 to time 12.

FIG. 43 illustrates symbol 4305 of data symbol group #5. Data symbolgroup #5 (4305) is transmitted by using carrier 6 to carrier 9 and byusing time 13 to time 16.

First Example

An example of control information related to a frequency and time to beused by each data symbol group in this case will be described.

Control information related to a default position of a carrier to beused by data symbol group #j is ma, 0), m(j, 1), m(j, 2) and m(j, 3),

-   -   control information related to a number of carriers to be used        by data symbol group #j is n(j, 0), n(j, 1), n(j, 2) and n(j,        3),    -   control information related to a default position of time to be        used by data symbol group #j is o(j, 0), o(j, 1), o(j, 2) and        o(j, 3), and    -   control information related to a number of pieces of time to be        used by data symbol group #j is p(j, 0), p(j, 1), p(j, 2) and        p(j, 3).

In this case, when a default position of a carrier to be used by datasymbol group #(j=K) is “carrier 1,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K,0)=0, m(K, 1)=0, m(K, 2)=0 and m(K, 3)=0, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K,1), m(K, 2) and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 2,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=1, m(K,1)=0, m(K, 2)=0 and m(K, 3)=0, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 3,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=0, m(K,1)=1, m(K, 2)=0 and m(K, 3)=0, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 4,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=1, m(K,1)=1, m(K, 2)=0 and m(K, 3)=0, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 5,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=0, m(K,1)=0, m(K, 2)=1 and m(K, 3)=0, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 6,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=1, m(K,1)=0, m(K, 2)=1 and m(K, 3)=0, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 7,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=0, m(K,1)=1, m(K, 2)=1 and m(K, 3)=0, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 8,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=1, m(K,1)=1, m(K, 2)=1 and m(K, 3)=0, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 9,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=0, m(K,1)=0, m(K, 2)=0 and m(K, 3)=1, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 10,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=1, m(K,1)=0, m(K, 2)=0 and m(K, 3)=1, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 11,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=0, m(K,1)=1, m(K, 2)=0 and m(K, 3)=1, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 12,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=1, m(K,1)=1, m(K, 2)=0 and m(K, 3)=1, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 13,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=0, m(K,1)=0, m(K, 2)=1 and m(K, 3)=1, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 14,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=1, m(K,1)=0, m(K, 2)=1 and m(K, 3)=1, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 15,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=0, m(K,1)=1, m(K, 2)=1 and m(K, 3)=1, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 16,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=1, m(K,1)=1, m(K, 2)=1 and m(K, 3)=1, and transmits m(K, 0), m(K, 1), m(K, 2)and m(K, 3).

When a number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of 1carrier, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=0, n(K, 1)=0, n(K, 2)=0and n(K, 3)=0, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of2 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=1, n(K, 1)=0, n(K,2)=0 and n(K, 3)=0, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of3 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=0, n(K, 1)=1, n(K,2)=0 and n(K, 3)=0, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of4 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=1, n(K, 1)=1, n(K,2)=0 and n(K, 3)=0, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of5 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=0, n(K, 1)=0, n(K,2)=1 and n(K, 3)=0, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of6 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=1, n(K, 1)=0, n(K,2)=1 and n(K, 3)=0, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of7 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=0, n(K, 1)=1, n(K,2)=1 and n(K, 3)=0, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of8 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=1, n(K, 1)=1, n(K,2)=1 and n(K, 3)=0, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of9 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=0, n(K, 1)=0, n(K,2)=0 and n(K, 3)=1, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is,of 10 carriers the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=1, n(K, 1)=0,n(K, 2)=0 and n(K, 3)=1, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) andn(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is,of 11 carriers the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=0, n(K, 1)=1,n(K, 2)=0 and n(K, 3)=1, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) andn(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of12 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=1, n(K, 1)=1, n(K,2)=0 and n(K, 3)=1, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of13 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=0, n(K, 1)=0, n(K,2)=1 and n(K, 3)=1, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of14 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=1, n(K, 1)=0, n(K,2)=1 and n(K, 3)=1, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of15 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=0, n(K, 1)=1, n(K,2)=1 and n(K, 3)=1, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of16 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=1, n(K, 1)=1, n(K,2)=1 and n(K, 3)=1, and transmits n(K, 0), n(K, 1), n(K, 2) and n(K, 3).

When a default position of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is “time 1,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=0, o(K, 1)=0, o(K,2)=0 and o(K, 3)=0, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2) and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 2,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=1, o(K,1)=0, o(K, 2)=0 and o(K, 3)=0, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 3,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=0, o(K,1)=1, o(K, 2)=0 and o(K, 3)=0, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 4,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=1, o(K,1)=1, o(K, 2)=0 and o(K, 3)=0, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 5,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=0, o(K,1)=0, o(K, 2)=1 and o(K, 3)=0, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 6,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=1, o(K,1)=0, o(K, 2)=1 and o(K, 3)=0, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 7,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=0, o(K,1)=1, o(K, 2)=1 and o(K, 3)=0, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 8,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=1, o(K,1)=1, o(K, 2)=1 and o(K, 3)=0, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 9,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=0, o(K,1)=0, o(K, 2)=0 and o(K, 3)=1, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 10,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=1, o(K,1)=0, o(K, 2)=0 and o(K, 3)=1, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 11,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=0, o(K,1)=1, o(K, 2)=0 and o(K, 3)=1, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 12,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=1, o(K,1)=1, o(K, 2)=0 and o(K, 3)=1, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 13,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=0, o(K,1)=0, o(K, 2)=1 and o(K, 3)=1, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 14,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=1, o(K,1)=0, o(K, 2)=1 and o(K, 3)=1, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 15,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=0, o(K,1)=1, o(K, 2)=1 and o(K, 3)=1, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 16,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=1, o(K,1)=1, o(K, 2)=1 and o(K, 3)=1, and transmits o(K, 0), o(K, 1), o(K, 2)and o(K, 3).

When a number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 1, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=0, p(K, 1)=0, p(K, 2)=0and p(K, 3)=0, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 2, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=1, p(K, 1)=0, p(K, 2)=0and p(K, 3)=0, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 3, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=0, p(K, 1)=1, p(K, 2)=0and p(K, 3)=0, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 4, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=1, p(K, 1)=1, p(K, 2)=0and p(K, 3)=0, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 5, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=0, p(K, 1)=0, p(K, 2)=1and p(K, 3)=0, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 6, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=1, p(K, 1)=0, p(K, 2)=1and p(K, 3)=0, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 7, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=0, p(K, 1)=1, p(K, 2)=1and p(K, 3)=0, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 8, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=1, p(K, 1)=1, p(K, 2)=1and p(K, 3)=0, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 9, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=0, p(K, 1)=0, p(K, 2)=0and p(K, 3)=1, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 10, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=1, p(K, 1)=0, p(K, 2)=0and p(K, 3)=1, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 11, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=0, p(K, 1)=1, p(K, 2)=0and p(K, 3)=1, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 12, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=1, p(K, 1)=1, p(K, 2)=0and p(K, 3)=1, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 13, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=0, p(K, 1)=0, p(K, 2)=1and p(K, 3)=1, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 14, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=1, p(K, 1)=0, p(K, 2)=1and p(K, 3)=1, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 15, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=0, p(K, 1)=1, p(K, 2)=1and p(K, 3)=1, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 16, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=1, p(K, 1)=1, p(K, 2)=1and p(K, 3)=1, and transmits p(K, 0), p(K, 1), p(K, 2) and p(K, 3).

Next, data symbol group #3 will be described as an example.

Data symbol group #3 (4303) is transmitted by using carrier 10 tocarrier 14 and by using time 1 to time 16.

As a result, a default position of a carrier is carrier 10. Hence, thetransmitting apparatus sets m(3, 0)=1, m(3, 1)=0, m(3, 2)=0 and m(3,3)=1, and transmits m(3, 0), m(3, 1), m(3, 2) and m(3, 3).

Moreover, a number of carriers to be used is 5. Hence, the transmittingapparatus sets n(3, 0)=0, n(3, 1)=0, n(3, 2)=1 and n(3, 3)=0, andtransmits n(3, 0), n(3, 1), n(3, 2) and n(3, 3).

A default position of time is time 1. Hence, the transmitting apparatussets o(3, 0)=0, o(3, 1)=0, o(3, 2)=0 and o(3, 3)=0, and transmits o(3,0), o(3, 1), o(3, 2) and o(3, 3).

Moreover, a number of pieces of time to be used is 16. Hence, thetransmitting apparatus sets p(3, 0)=1, p(3, 1)=1, p(3, 2)=1 and p(3,3)=1, and transmits p(3, 0), p(3, 1), p(3, 2) and p(3, 3).

Second Example

FIG. 44 illustrates an example in a case where a data symbol group issubjected to frequency division in a frame configuration of a modulatedsignal to be transmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1.Elements common to those in FIG. 43 are assigned the same referencenumerals in FIG. 44. Moreover, in FIG. 44, a vertical axis indicates afrequency, and a horizontal axis indicates time. Note that as with thefirst exemplary embodiment to the fourth exemplary embodiment, a datasymbol group may be of symbols of any method of an SISO method (SIMOmethod), an MIMO method and an MISO method.

A difference of FIG. 44 from FIG. 43 is that each data symbol group has,for example, a number of carriers of 4×A (A is an integer equal to ormore than 1) (the number of carriers to be used by each data symbolgroup is a multiple of 4 (but, except 0 (zero))), and has a number ofpieces of time of 4×B (B is a natural number equal to or more than 1)(the number of pieces of time to be used by each data symbol group is amultiple of 4 (but, except 0 (zero))). However, the number of carriersto be used by each data symbol group is not limited to a multiple of 4,and may be a multiple of C (C is an integer equal to or more than 2)except 0 (zero). Moreover, the number of pieces of time to be used byeach data symbol group is not limited to a multiple of 4, and may be amultiple of D (D is an integer equal to or more than 2) except 0 (zero).

FIG. 44 illustrates symbol 4301 of data symbol group #1. Data symbolgroup #1 (4301) is transmitted by using carrier 1 to carrier 8 (by using8 (a multiple of 4) carriers) and by using time 1 to time 16 (the numberof pieces of time is 16, a multiple of 4) (however, a first index of acarrier is assumed to be “carrier 1” but is not limited to “carrier 1,”and also a first index of time is assumed to be “time 1” but is notlimited to “time 1”).

FIG. 44 illustrates symbol 4302 of data symbol group #2. Data symbolgroup #2 (4302) is transmitted by using carrier 9 to carrier 12 (byusing 4 (a multiple of 4) carriers) and by using time 1 to time 4 (thenumber of pieces of time is 4, a multiple of 4).

FIG. 44 illustrates symbol 4303 of data symbol group #3. Data symbolgroup #3 (4303) is transmitted by using carrier 13 to carrier 16 (byusing 4 (a multiple of 4) carriers) and by using time 1 to time 16 (thenumber of pieces of time is 16, a multiple of 4).

FIG. 44 illustrates symbol 4304 of data symbol group #4. Data symbolgroup #4 (4304) is transmitted by using carrier 9 to carrier 12 (byusing 4 (a multiple of 4) carriers) and by using time 5 to time 12 (thenumber of pieces of time is 8, a multiple of 4).

FIG. 44 illustrates symbol 4305 of data symbol group #5. Data symbolgroup #5 (4305) is transmitted by using carrier 9 to carrier 12 (byusing 4 (a multiple of 4) carriers) and by using time 13 to time 16 (thenumber of pieces of time is 4, a multiple of 4).

When each data symbol group is allocated to a frame according to suchrules, it is possible to reduce

-   -   a number of bits of the above-described “control information        related to the default position of the carrier to be used by        data symbol group #j,”    -   a number of bits of the above-described “control information        related to the number of carriers to be used by data symbol        group #j,”    -   a number of bits of the above-described “control information        related to the default position of the time to be used by data        symbol group #j,” and    -   a number of bits of the above-described “control information        related to the number of pieces of time to be used by data        symbol group #j,” and it is possible to improve data        (information) transmission efficiency.

In this case, it is possible to define the control information asfollows.

The control information related to the default position of the carrierto be used by data symbol group #j is m(j, 0) and m(j, 1),

-   -   the control information related to the number of carriers to be        used by data symbol group #j is n(j, 0) and n(j, 1),    -   the control information related to the default position of the        time to be used by data symbol group #j is o(j, 0) and o(j, 1),        and    -   the control information related to the number of pieces of time        to be used by data symbol group #j is p(j, 0) and p(j, 1).

In this case, when a default position of a carrier to be used by datasymbol group #(j=K) is “carrier 1,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K,0)=0 and m(K, 1)=0, and transmits m(K, 0) and m(K, 1).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 5,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=1 andm(K, 1)=0, and transmits m(K, 0) and m(K, 1).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 9,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=0 andm(K, 1)=1, and transmits m(K, 0) and m(K, 1).

When the default position of the carrier to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “carrier 13,” the transmitting apparatus sets m(K, 0)=1 andm(K, 1)=1, and transmits m(K, 0) and m(K, 1).

When a number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of 4carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=0 and n(K, 1)=0, andtransmits n(K, 0) and n(K, 1).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of8 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=1 and n(K, 1)=0, andtransmits n(K, 0) and n(K, 1).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of12 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=0 and n(K, 1)=1,and transmits n(K, 0) and n(K, 1).

When the number of carriers to be used by data symbol group #(j=K) is of16 carriers, the transmitting apparatus sets n(K, 0)=1 and n(K, 1)=1,and transmits n(K, 0) and n(K, 1).

When a default position of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is “time 1,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=0 and o(K, 1)=0,and transmits o(K, 0) and o(K, 1).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 5,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=1 and o(K,1)=0, and transmits o(K, 0) and o(K, 1).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 9,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=0 and o(K,1)=1, and transmits o(K, 0) and o(K, 1).

When the default position of the time to be used by data symbol group#(j=K) is “time 13,” the transmitting apparatus sets o(K, 0)=1 and o(K,1)=1, and transmits o(K, 0) and o(K, 1).

When a number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 4, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=0 and p(K, 1)=0, andtransmits p(K, 0) and p(K, 1).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 8, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=1 and p(K, 1)=0, andtransmits p(K, 0) and p(K, 1).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 12, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=0 and p(K, 1)=1, andtransmits p(K, 0) and p(K, 1).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 16, the transmitting apparatus sets p(K, 0)=1 and p(K, 1)=1, andtransmits p(K, 0) and p(K, 1).

Next, data symbol group #4 will be described as an example.

FIG. 44 illustrates symbol 4304 of data symbol group #4, and data symbolgroup #4 (4304) is transmitted by using carrier 9 to carrier 12 (byusing 4 (a multiple of 4) carriers) and by using time 5 to time 12 (thenumber of pieces of time is 8, a multiple of 4).

As a result, a default position of a carrier is carrier 9. Hence, thetransmitting apparatus sets m(3, 0)=0 and m(3, 1)=1, and transmits m(3,0) and m(3, 1).

Moreover, a number of carriers to be used is 4. Hence, the transmittingapparatus sets n(3, 0)=0 and n(3, 1)=0, and transmits n(3, 0) and n(3,1).

A default position of time is time 5. Hence, the transmitting apparatussets o(3, 0)=1 and o(3, 1)=0, and transmits o(3, 0) and o(3, 1).

Moreover, a number of pieces of time to be used is 8. Hence, thetransmitting apparatus sets p(3, 0)=1 and p(3, 1)=0, and transmits p(3,0) and p(3, 1).

Third Example

A control information transmitting method which is different from thecontrol information transmitting method of the second example when aframe configuration of a modulated signal to be transmitted by thetransmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 is a configuration in FIG. 44 will bedescribed.

In FIG. 44, each data symbol group has, for example, a number ofcarriers of 4×A (A is an integer equal to or more than 1) (the number ofcarriers to be used by each data symbol group is a multiple of 4 (but,except 0 (zero))), and has a number of pieces of time of 4×B (B is anatural number equal to or more than 1) (the number of pieces of time tobe used by each data symbol group is a multiple of 4 (but, except 0(zero))). However, the number of carriers to be used by each data symbolgroup is not limited to a multiple of 4, and may be a multiple of C (Cis an integer equal to or more than 2) except 0 (zero). Moreover, thenumber of pieces of time to be used by each data symbol group is notlimited to a multiple of 4, and may be a multiple of D (D is an integerequal to or more than 2) except 0 (zero).

Hence, area decomposition is performed as illustrated in FIG. 45. InFIG. 45, a vertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axisindicates time. Then, there are carrier 1 to carrier 16, and there aretime 1 to time 16 in accordance with FIG. 44. Note that in FIG. 45, eacharea is configured with an area of 4×4=16 symbols of 4 carriers in acarrier direction and 4 pieces of time in time direction (in a case ofgeneralization using C and D as described above, each area is configuredwith an area of C×D symbols of C carriers in the carrier direction and Dpieces of time in the time direction).

In FIG. 45, area 4400 configured with carrier 1 to carrier 4 and time 1to time 4 is referred to as area #0.

Area 4401 configured with carrier 5 to carrier 8 and time 1 to time 4 isreferred to as area #1.

Area 4402 configured with carrier 9 to carrier 12 and time 1 to time 4is referred to as area #2.

Area 4403 configured with carrier 13 to carrier 16 and time 1 to time 4is referred to as area #3.

Area 4404 configured with carrier 1 to carrier 4 and time 5 to time 8 isreferred to as area #4.

Area 4405 configured with carrier 5 to carrier 8 and time 5 to time 8 isreferred to as area #5.

Area 4406 configured with carrier 9 to carrier 12 and time 5 to time 8is referred to as area #6.

Area 4407 configured with carrier 13 to carrier 16 and time 5 to time 8is referred to as area #7.

Area 4408 configured with carrier 1 to carrier 4 and time 9 to time 12is referred to as area #8.

Area 4409 configured with carrier 5 to carrier 8 and time 9 to time 12is referred to as area #9.

Area 4410 configured with carrier 9 to carrier 12 and time 9 to time 12is referred to as area #10.

Area 4411 configured with carrier 13 to carrier 16 and time 9 to time 12is referred to as area #11.

Area 4412 configured with carrier 1 to carrier 4 and time 13 to time 16is referred to as area #12.

Area 4413 configured with carrier 5 to carrier 8 and time 13 to time 16is referred to as area #13.

Area 4414 configured with carrier 9 to carrier 12 and time 13 to time 16is referred to as area #14.

Area 4415 configured with carrier 13 to carrier 16 and time 13 to time16 is referred to as area #15.

In this case, the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 transmits controlinformation as in an example described below, in order to transmitinformation of frequency and time resources being used by each datasymbol group to the receiving apparatus.

When data symbol group #1 in FIG. 44 is subjected to the areadecomposition as illustrated in FIG. 45, data (information) istransmitted by using area #0 (4400), area #1 (4401), area #4 (4404),area #5 (4405), area #8 (4408), area #9 (4409), area #12 (4412) and area#13 (4413). Hence, the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 transmits asdata symbol group #1 the control information indicating that

“area #0 (4400), area #1 (4401), area #4 (4404), area #5 (4405), area #8(4408), area #9 (4409), area #12 (4412) and area #13 (4413) are used.”

In this case, the control information includes information of the areas(area #0 (4400), area #1 (4401), area #4 (4404), area #5 (4405), area #8(4408), area #9 (4409), area #12 (4412) and area #13 (4413)).

Similarly, the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 transmits as data symbolgroup #2 in FIG. 44 the control information indicating that “area #2(4402) is used.”

In this case, the control information includes information of the area(area #2 (4402)).

The transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 transmits as data symbol group #3in FIG. 44 the control information indicating that

“area #3 (4403), area #7 (4407), area #11 (4411) and area #15 (4415) areused.” In this case, the control information includes information of theareas (area #3 (4403), area #7 (4407), area #11 (4411) and area #15(4415)).

The transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 transmits as data symbol group #4in FIG. 44 the control information indicating that

“area #6 (4406) and area #10 (4410) are used.”

In this case, the control information includes information of the areas(area #6 (4406) and area #10 (4410)).

The transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 transmits as data symbol group #5in FIG. 44 the control information indicating that

“area #14 (4414) is used.”

In this case, the control information includes information of the area(area #14 (4414)).

As described above, in <second example> and <third example> there is anadvantage that it is possible to transmit a small number of bits ofinformation of time and frequency resources being used.

Meanwhile, in <first example> there is an advantage that it is possibleto more flexibly allocate time and frequency resources to a data symbolgroup.

<Case where Time (Temporal) Division is Performed>

An example of generation of control information related to frequencyresources and time resources to be used by each data symbol group in acase where time (temporal) division is performed will be described.

Fourth Example

Even in a case where time (temporal) division is performed, controlinformation is transmitted in the same way as a case where frequencydivision is performed. Hence, the above-described <first example> iscarried out.

Fifth Example

Even in a case where time (temporal) division is performed, controlinformation is transmitted in the same way as a case where frequencydivision is performed. Hence, the above-described <second example> iscarried out.

Sixth Example

Even in a case where time (temporal) division is performed, controlinformation is transmitted in the same way as a case where frequencydivision is performed. Hence, the above-described <third example> iscarried out.

Seventh Example

e(X, Y) described in the second exemplary embodiment is transmitted ascontrol information. That is, information related to a number of symbolsin a frame of data symbol group #j is e(j, 0) and e(j, 1).

In this case, for example,

when a number of symbols in a frame of data symbol group #(j=K) is of256 symbols, the transmitting apparatus sets e(K, 0)=0 and e(K, 1)=0 andtransmits e(K, 0) and e(K, 1).

When the number of symbols in the frame of data symbol group #(j=K) isof 512 symbols, the transmitting apparatus sets e(K, 0)=1 and e(K, 1)=0and transmits e(K, 0) and e(K, 1).

When the number of symbols in the frame of data symbol group #(j=K) isof 1024 symbols, the transmitting apparatus sets e(K, 0)=0 and e(K, 1)=1and transmits e(K, 0) and e(K, 1).

When the number of symbols in the frame of data symbol group #(j=K) isof 2048 symbols, the transmitting apparatus sets e(K, 0)=1 and e(K, 1)=1and transmits e(K, 0) and e(K, 1).

Note that the setting of the number of symbols is not limited to thefour settings, and the transmitting apparatus only needs to be able toset one or more types of the number of symbols.

Eighth Example

The transmitting apparatus transmits information of a number of piecesof time to be necessary for each data symbol, to the receivingapparatus, and the receiving apparatus obtains this information and thuscan learn frequency/time resources to be used by each data symbol.

For example, information related to a number of pieces of time to beused in a frame of data symbol group #j is q(j, 0), q(j, 1), q(j, 2) andq(j, 3).

When a number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 1, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=0, q(K, 1)=0, q(K, 2)=0and q(K, 3)=0, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 2, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=1, q(K, 1)=0, q(K, 2)=0and q(K, 3)=0, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 3, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=0, q(K, 1)=1, q(K, 2)=0and q(K, 3)=0, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 4, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=1, q(K, 1)=1, q(K, 2)=0and q(K, 3)=0, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 5, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=0, q(K, 1)=0, q(K, 2)=1and q(K, 3)=0, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 6, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=1, q(K, 1)=0, q(K, 2)=1and q(K, 3)=0, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 7, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=0, q(K, 1)=1, q(K, 2)=1and q(K, 3)=0, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 8, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=1, q(K, 1)=1, q(K, 2)=1and q(K, 3)=0, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 9, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=0, q(K, 1)=0, q(K, 2)=0and q(K, 3)=1, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 10, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=1, q(K, 1)=0, q(K, 2)=0and q(K, 3)=1, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 11, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=0, q(K, 1)=1, q(K, 2)=0and q(K, 3)=1, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 12, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=1, q(K, 1)=1, q(K, 2)=0and q(K, 3)=1, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 13, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=0, q(K, 1)=0, q(K, 2)=1and q(K, 3)=1, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 14, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=1, q(K, 1)=0, q(K, 2)=1and q(K, 3)=1, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 15, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=0, q(K, 1)=1, q(K, 2)=1and q(K, 3)=1, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 16, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=1, q(K, 1)=1, q(K, 2)=1and q(K, 3)=1, and transmits q(K, 0), q(K, 1), q(K, 2) and q(K, 3).

FIG. 46 illustrates an example where a data symbol group is subjected totime (temporal) division in a frame of a modulated signal to betransmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1. In FIG. 46, avertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axis indicatestime. Note that as with the first exemplary embodiment to the fourthexemplary embodiment, a data symbol group may be of symbols of anymethod of an SISO method (SIMO method), an MIMO method and an MISOmethod.

In FIG. 46, symbol 4301 of data symbol group #1, and data symbol group#1 (4301) is transmitted by using carrier 1 to carrier 16 (all carrierswhich can be allocated as data symbols are used. (When there arecarriers for arranging a pilot symbol and carriers for transmittingcontrol information, such carriers are excluded)), and data symbol group#1 (4301) is transmitted by using time 1 to time 4 (however, a firstindex of a carrier is assumed to be “carrier 1” but is not limited to“carrier 1,” and also a first index of time is assumed to be “time 1”but is not limited to “time 1”).

FIG. 46 illustrates symbol 4302, of data symbol group #2, and datasymbol group #2 (4302) is transmitted by using carrier 1 to carrier 16(all carriers which can be allocated as data symbols are used. (Whenthere are carriers for arranging a pilot symbol and carriers fortransmitting control information, such carriers are excluded)), and datasymbol group #2 (4302) is transmitted by using time 5 to time 12.

FIG. 46 illustrates symbol 4303 of data symbol group #3, and data symbolgroup #3 (4303) is transmitted by using carrier 1 to carrier 16 (allcarriers which can be allocated as data symbols are used. (When thereare carriers for arranging a pilot symbol and carriers for transmittingcontrol information, such carriers are excluded)), and data symbol group#3 (4303) is transmitted by using time 13 to time 16.

For example, data symbol group #2 is transmitted by using time 5 to time12, that is, a number of pieces of time is 8. Hence, the transmittingapparatus sets q(2, 0)=1, q(2, 1)=1, q(2, 2)=1, and q(2, 3)=0, andtransmits q(2, 0), q(2, 1), q(2, 2) and q(2, 3).

Control information may also be generated for data symbol group #1 anddata symbol #3 in the same way, and the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1transmits q(1, 0), q(1, 1), q(1, 2) and q(1, 3), and q(2, 0), q(2, 1),q(2, 2) and q(2, 3), and q(3, 0), q(3, 1), q(3, 2) and q(3, 3).

The receiving apparatus in FIG. 23 receives q(1, 0), q(1, 1), q(1, 2)and q(1, 3), and q(2, 0), q(2, 1), q(2, 2) and q(2, 3), and q(3, 0),q(3, 1), q(3, 2) and q(3, 3), and learns frequency/time resources beingused by data symbol groups. In this case, when it is assumed that thetransmitting apparatus and the receiving apparatus share arrangement,for example, such that “data symbol group #1 is temporarily arrangedfirst, and subsequently, data symbol group #2, data symbol group #3,data symbol group #4, data symbol group #5, . . . ” are arranged, thetransmitting apparatus and the receiving apparatus can learnfrequency/time resources being used by each data symbol group fromlearning a number of pieces of time to be used by each data symbol group(it becomes unnecessary for the transmitting apparatus to transmitinformation of the first time at which each data symbol group isarranged. Consequently, data transmission efficiency improves).

Ninth Example

Unlike <eighth example>, each data symbol group has, for example, anumber of pieces of time of 4×B (B is a natural number equal to or morethan 1) (the number of pieces of time to be used by each data symbolgroup is a multiple of 4 (but, except 0 (zero))). However, the number ofpieces of time to be used by each data symbol group is not limited to amultiple of 4, and may be a multiple of D (D is an integer equal to ormore than 2) except 0 (zero).

FIG. 46 illustrates symbol 4301 of data symbol group #1, and data symbolgroup #1 (4301) is transmitted by using carrier 1 to carrier 16 (allcarriers which can be allocated as data symbols are used. (When thereare carriers for arranging a pilot symbol and carriers for transmittingcontrol information, such carriers are excluded)), and data symbol group#1 (4301) is transmitted by using time 1 to time 4 (the number of piecesof time is 4, a multiple of 4) (however, a first index of a carrier isassumed to be “carrier 1” but is not limited to “carrier 1,” and also afirst index of time is assumed to be “time 1” but is not limited to“time 1”).

FIG. 46 illustrates symbol 4302 of data symbol group #2, and data symbolgroup #2 (4302) is transmitted by using carrier 1 to carrier 16 (allcarriers which can be allocated as data symbols are used. (When thereare carriers for arranging a pilot symbol and carriers for transmittingcontrol information, such carriers are excluded)), and data symbol group#2 (4302) is transmitted by using time 5 to time 12 (the number ofpieces of time is 8, a multiple of 4).

FIG. 46 illustrates symbol 4303 of data symbol group #3, and data symbolgroup #3 (4303) is transmitted by using carrier 1 to carrier 16 (allcarriers which can be allocated as data symbols are used. (When thereare carriers for arranging a pilot symbol and carriers for transmittingcontrol information, such carriers are excluded)), and data symbol group#3 (4303) is transmitted by using time 13 to time 16 (the number ofpieces of time is 8, a multiple of 4).

When each data symbol group is allocated to a frame according to suchrules, it is possible to reduce

a number of bits of the above-described “information related to thenumber of pieces of time to be used in the frame of data symbol group#j,” and it is possible to improve data (information) transmissionefficiency.

In this case, it is possible to define the control information asfollows.

The information related to the number of pieces of time to be used inthe frame of data symbol group #j is q(j, 0) and q(j, 1).

When a number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 4, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=0 and q(K, 1)=0, andtransmits q(K, 0) and q(K, 1).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 8, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=1 and q(K, 1)=0, andtransmits q(K, 0) and q(K, 1).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 12, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=0 and q(K, 1)=1, andtransmits q(K, 0) and q(K, 1).

When the number of pieces of time to be used by data symbol group #(j=K)is 16, the transmitting apparatus sets q(K, 0)=1 and q(K, 1)=1, andtransmits q(K, 0) and q(K, 1).

For example, data symbol group #2 in FIG. 46 is transmitted by usingtime 5 to time 12, that is, the number of pieces of time is 8. Hence,the transmitting apparatus sets q(2, 0)=1 and q(2, 1)=0, and transmitsq(2, 0) and q(2, 1).

Control information may also be generated for data symbol group #1 anddata symbol #3 in the same way, and the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1transmits q(1, 0) and q(1, 1), and q(2, 0) and q(2, 1), and q(3, 0) andq(3, 1).

The receiving apparatus in FIG. 23 receives q(1, 0) and q(1, 1), andq(2, 0) and q(2, 1), and q(3, 0) and q(3, 1), and learns frequency/timeresources being used by data symbol groups. In this case, when it isassumed that the transmitting apparatus and the receiving apparatusshare arrangement, for example, such that “data symbol group #1 istemporarily arranged first, and subsequently, data symbol group #2, datasymbol group #3, data symbol group #4, data symbol group #5, . . . ” arearranged, the transmitting apparatus and the receiving apparatus canlearn frequency/time resources being used by each data symbol group fromlearning the number of pieces of time to be used by each data symbolgroup (it becomes unnecessary for the transmitting apparatus to transmitinformation of the first time at which each data symbol group isarranged. Consequently, data transmission efficiency improves).

Tenth Example

Unlike <eighth example>, each data symbol group has, for example, anumber of pieces of time of 4×B (B is a natural number equal to or morethan 1) (the number of pieces of time to be used by each data symbolgroup is a multiple of 4 (but, except 0 (zero))) (the same as in <ninthexample> applies). However, the number of pieces of time to be used byeach data symbol group is not limited to a multiple of 4, and may be amultiple of D (D is an integer equal to or more than 2) except 0 (zero).

Hence, area decomposition is performed as illustrated in FIG. 47. InFIG. 47, a vertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axisindicates time. Then, there are carrier 1 to carrier 16, and there aretime 1 to time 16 in accordance with FIG. 46. Note that in FIG. 47, eacharea is configured with an area of 16×4=64 symbols of 16 carriers in acarrier direction, and 4 pieces of time in a time direction (in a caseof generalization using C and D as described above, each area isconfigured with an area of C×D symbols of C carriers in the carrierdirection and D pieces of time in the time direction).

In FIG. 47, area 4700 configured with time 1 to time 4 is referred to asarea #0.

Area 4701 configured with time 5 to time 8 is referred to as area #1.

Area 4702 configured with time 9 to time 12 is referred to as area #2.

Area 4703 configured with time 13 to time 16 is referred to as area #3.

In this case, the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 transmits controlinformation as in an example described below, in order to transmitinformation of frequency and time resources being used by each datasymbol group to the receiving apparatus.

When data symbol group #1 in FIG. 46 is subjected to the areadecomposition as in FIG. 47, data (information) is transmitted by usingarea #0 (4700). Hence, the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 transmits asdata symbol group #1 the control information indicating that

-   -   “area #0 (4700) is used.”        In this case, the control information includes information of        the area (area #0 (4700)).

Similarly, the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 transmits as data symbolgroup #2 in FIG. 46 the control information indicating that

“area #1 (4701) and area #2 (4702) are used.”

In this case, the control information includes information of the areas(area #1 (4701) and area #2 (4702)).

The transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 transmits as data symbol group #3in FIG. 46 the control information indicating that

“area #3 (4703) is used.”

In this case, the control information includes information of the area(area #3 (4703)).

The control information during time (temporal) division is described in<fourth example> to <tenth example>. For example, when <fourth example>,<fifth example> and <sixth example> are used, the control information offrequency division and the control information during time (temporal)division can be configured in the same way.

Meanwhile, in a case of <seventh example> to <tenth example>, thetransmitting apparatus transmits “control information related to use oftime/frequency resources during frequency division, and controlinformation related to use of time/frequency resources during time(temporal) division” having different configurations, by using the firstpreamble and/or the second preamble.

Note that for example, in a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 5,first preamble 201 and/or second preamble 202 include controlinformation related to use of time/frequency resources during frequencydivision, and a configuration may be made such that first preamble 501and/or second preamble 502 include control information related to use oftime/frequency resources during time (temporal) division.

Similarly, in a case of the frame configuration in FIGS. 25, 28 and 32,first preamble 201 and/or second preamble 202 include controlinformation related to use of time/frequency resources during frequencydivision, and a configuration may be made such that first preamble 501and/or second preamble 502 include control information related to use oftime/frequency resources during time (temporal) division.

Moreover, in a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 36, firstpreambles 201 and 501 and/or second preambles 202 and 502 includecontrol information related to use of time/frequency resources duringfrequency division, and a configuration may be made such that firstpreamble 3601 and/or second preamble 3602 include control informationrelated to use of time/frequency resources during time (temporal)division.

As described above, in <fifth example> <sixth example>, <ninth example>and <tenth example>, there is an advantage that it is possible totransmit a small number of bits of information of time/frequencyresources being used.

Meanwhile, in <fourth example>, <seventh example> and <eighth example>,there is an advantage that it is possible to more flexibly allocatetime/frequency resources to a data symbol group.

As in the examples described above, the transmitting apparatus transmitsthe control information related to use of the time/frequency resourcesduring frequency division and the control information related to use ofthe time/frequency resources during time (temporal) division, and thusthe receiving apparatus can learn a use status of the time/frequencyresources of data symbol groups and can accurately demodulate/decodedata.

Sixth Exemplary Embodiment

Some examples of a frame configuration of a modulated signal to betransmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 are described in thefirst exemplary embodiment to the fifth exemplary embodiment. A frameconfiguration different from the frame configurations described in thefirst exemplary embodiment to the fifth exemplary embodiment will bedescribed in the present exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 48 illustrates an example of a frame configuration of a modulatedsignal to be transmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1.Elements operating in the same way as in FIG. 5 are assigned the samereference numerals in FIG. 48. Moreover, in FIG. 48, a vertical axisindicates a frequency, and a horizontal axis indicates time. Note thatas with the first exemplary embodiment to the fifth exemplaryembodiment, a data symbol group may be of symbols of any of an SISOmethod (SIMO method), an MIMO method and an MISO method.

A difference of FIG. 48 from FIG. 5 is that first preamble 201 andsecond preamble 202 in FIG. 5 do not exist. Then, the controlinformation symbols (for example, TMCC (Transmission MultiplexingConfiguration Control)) are arranged on data symbol groups #1 (401_1 and401_2) and data symbol group #2 (402) in a frequency direction. Notethat the control information symbols include, for example, a symbol forframe synchronization, frequency synchronization and timesynchronization, a symbol for notifying of frequency/time resources tobe used by each data symbol group described in the fifth exemplaryembodiment, information related to a modulating method for generating adata symbol group, and information related to an error correction methodfor generating a data symbol group (information related to a code,information related to a code length, information related to a codingrate, and the like).

FIG. 49 illustrates an example of a configuration in a case where thecontrol information symbols (for example, TMCC (TransmissionMultiplexing Configuration Control)) are arranged on data symbol groups#1 (401_1 and 401_2) and data symbol group #2 (402) in a frequencydirection.

In FIG. 49, a vertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axisindicates time. FIG. 49 illustrates data symbol groups #X (X is 1 or 2in FIG. 48) 4901, 4902 and 4903, and control information symbols 4904and 4905 (for example, TMCC (Transmission Multiplexing ConfigurationControl)).

As illustrated in FIG. 49, control information symbols (4904 and 4905)are arranged on certain specific carriers (subcarriers) (frequency)(note that these specific carriers may include or may not includesymbols other than the control information symbols).

For example, X=1 holds in FIG. 49. Then, as illustrated in FIG. 49, thecontrol information symbols are arranged on certain specific carriers(subcarriers) (frequency) of data symbol group #1.

Similarly, X=2 holds in FIG. 49. Then, as illustrated in FIG. 49, thecontrol information symbols are arranged on certain specific carriers(subcarriers) (frequency) of data symbol group #2.

Note that when there are, for example, carrier #1 to carrier #100 in acase where frequency division is performed as in FIG. 48 to arrangecontrol information symbols in a frequency/time area in which a datasymbol group is arranged, the control information symbols may bearranged on specific carriers such as carrier #5, carrier #25, carrier#40, carrier #55, carrier #70 and carrier #85, or the controlinformation symbols may be arranged according to arrangement of datasymbol groups.

Next, an advantage in a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 48 willbe described.

In a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 5, the receiving apparatusneeds to obtain first preamble 201 and second preamble 202, in order todemodulate/decode data symbol group #1 and data symbol group #2 and toobtain information. For this reason, the receiving apparatus needs toobtain a modulated signal of a frequency band for receiving firstpreamble 201 and second preamble 202.

In such a circumstance, when there is a terminal which needs only datasymbol group #2, a frame configuration for enablingdemodulation/decoding of data symbol group #2 only with a frequency bandoccupied by data symbol group #2 is desired in order to enable flexibleterminal design, and in a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 48, itis possible to realize this frame configuration.

When a frame is configured as in FIG. 48, control information symbols(for example, TMCC (Transmission Multiplexing Configuration Control))are inserted to data symbol group #2 in the frequency direction asillustrated in FIG. 49. For this reason, the receiving apparatus candemodulate/decode data symbol group #2 by obtaining modulated signals ofthe frequency band of only data symbol group #2. Hence, flexibleterminal design becomes possible.

Next, a case where a frame configuration of a modulated signal to betransmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 is a frameconfiguration in FIG. 50 will be described. Elements operating in thesame way as in FIG. 25 are assigned the same reference numerals in FIG.50. Moreover, in FIG. 50, a vertical axis indicates a frequency, and ahorizontal axis indicates time. Note that as with the first exemplaryembodiment to the fifth exemplary embodiment, a data symbol group may beof symbols of any of an SISO method (SIMO method), an MIMO method and anMISO method.

A difference of FIG. 50 from FIG. 25 is that first preamble 201 andsecond preamble 202 in FIG. 25 do not exist. Then, the controlinformation symbols (for example, TMCC (Transmission MultiplexingConfiguration Control)) are arranged on data symbol group #1 (2501),data symbol group #2 (2502) and data symbol group #4 (2503) in afrequency direction. Note that the control information symbols include,for example, a symbol for frame synchronization, frequencysynchronization and time synchronization, a symbol for notifying offrequency/time resources to be used by each data symbol group describedin the fifth exemplary embodiment, information related to a modulatingmethod for generating a data symbol group, and information related to anerror correction method for generating a data symbol group (informationrelated to a code, information related to a code length, informationrelated to a coding rate, and the like).

FIG. 49 illustrates an example of a configuration in a case where thecontrol information symbols (for example, TMCC (TransmissionMultiplexing Configuration Control)) are arranged on data symbol group#1 (2501), data symbol group #2 (2502) and data symbol group #4 (2503)in a frequency direction.

In FIG. 49, a vertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axisindicates time. FIG. 49 illustrates data symbol groups #X (X is 1, 2 or4 in FIGS. 50) 4901, 4902 and 4903, and control information symbols 4904and 4905 (for example, TMCC (Transmission Multiplexing ConfigurationControl)).

As illustrated in FIG. 49, control information symbols (4904 and 4905)are arranged on certain specific carriers (subcarriers) (frequency)(note that these specific carriers may include or may not includesymbols other than the control information symbols).

For example, X=1 holds in FIG. 49. Then, as illustrated in FIG. 49, thecontrol information symbols are arranged on certain specific carriers(subcarriers) (frequency) of data symbol group #1.

Similarly, X=2 holds in FIG. 49. Then, as illustrated in FIG. 49, thecontrol information symbols are arranged on certain specific carriers(subcarriers) (frequency) of data symbol group #2.

X=4 holds in FIG. 49. Then, as illustrated in FIG. 49, the controlinformation symbols are arranged on certain specific carriers(subcarriers) (frequency) of data symbol group #4.

Note that when there are, for example, carrier #1 to carrier #100 in acase where frequency division is performed as in FIG. 50 to arrangecontrol information symbols in a frequency/time area in which a datasymbol group is arranged, the control information symbols may bearranged on specific carriers such as carrier #5, carrier #25, carrier#40, carrier #55, carrier #70 and carrier #85, or the controlinformation symbols may be arranged according to arrangement of datasymbol groups.

Next, an advantage in a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 50 willbe described.

In a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 25, the receiving apparatusneeds to obtain first preamble 201 and second preamble 202, in order todemodulate/decode data symbol group #1, data symbol group #2 and datasymbol group #4 and to obtain information. For this reason, thereceiving apparatus needs to obtain a modulated signal of a frequencyband for receiving first preamble 201 and second preamble 202.

In such a circumstance, when there is a terminal which needs only datasymbol group #2, a frame configuration for enablingdemodulation/decoding of data symbol group #2 only with a frequency bandoccupied by data symbol group #2 is desired in order to enable flexibleterminal design, and in a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 50, itis possible to realize this frame configuration.

When a frame is configured as in FIG. 50, control information symbols(for example, TMCC (Transmission Multiplexing Configuration Control))are inserted to data symbol group #2 in the frequency direction asillustrated in FIG. 49. For this reason, the receiving apparatus candemodulate/decode data symbol group #2 by obtaining modulated signals ofthe frequency band of only data symbol group #2. Hence, flexibleterminal design becomes possible.

Next, a case where a frame configuration of a modulated signal to betransmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 is a frameconfiguration in FIG. 51 will be described. Elements operating in thesame way as in FIG. 28 are assigned the same reference numerals in FIG.51. Moreover, in FIG. 51, a vertical axis indicates a frequency, and ahorizontal axis indicates time. Note that as with the first exemplaryembodiment to the fifth exemplary embodiment, a data symbol group may beof symbols of any of an SISO method (SIMO method), an MIMO method and anMISO method.

A difference of FIG. 51 from FIG. 28 is that first preamble 201 andsecond preamble 202 in FIG. 28 do not exist. Then, the controlinformation symbols (for example, TMCC (Transmission MultiplexingConfiguration Control)) are arranged on data symbol group #1 (2701) anddata symbol group #2 (2702) in a frequency direction. Note that thecontrol information symbols include, for example, a symbol for framesynchronization, frequency synchronization and time synchronization, asymbol for notifying of frequency/time resources to be used by each datasymbol group described in the fifth exemplary embodiment, informationrelated to a modulating method for generating a data symbol group, andinformation related to an error correction method for generating a datasymbol group (information related to a code, information related to acode length, information related to a coding rate, and the like).

FIG. 49 illustrates an example of a configuration in a case where thecontrol information symbols (for example, TMCC (TransmissionMultiplexing Configuration Control)) are arranged on data symbol group#1 (2701) and data symbol group #2 (2702) in a frequency direction.

In FIG. 49, a vertical axis indicates a frequency, and a horizontal axisindicates time. FIG. 49 illustrates data symbol groups #X (X is 1 or 2in FIG. 51) 4901, 4902 and 4903, and control information symbols 4904and 4905 (for example, TMCC (Transmission Multiplexing ConfigurationControl)).

As illustrated in FIG. 49, control information symbols (4904 and 4905)are arranged on certain specific carriers (subcarriers) (frequency)(note that these specific carriers may include or may not includesymbols other than the control information symbols).

For example, X=1 holds in FIG. 49. Then, as illustrated in FIG. 49, thecontrol information symbols are arranged on certain specific carriers(subcarriers) (frequency) of data symbol group #1.

Similarly, X=2 holds in FIG. 49. Then, as illustrated in FIG. 49, thecontrol information symbols are arranged on certain specific carriers(subcarriers) (frequency) of data symbol group #2.

Note that when there are, for example, carrier #1 to carrier #100 in acase where frequency division is performed as in FIG. 51 to arrangecontrol information symbols in a frequency/time area in which a datasymbol group is arranged, the control information symbols may bearranged on specific carriers such as carrier #5, carrier #25, carrier#40, carrier #55, carrier #70 and carrier #85, or the controlinformation symbols may be arranged according to arrangement of datasymbol groups.

Next, an advantage in a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 51 willbe described.

In a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 28, the receiving apparatusneeds to obtain first preamble 201 and second preamble 202, in order todemodulate/decode data symbol group #1 and data symbol group #2 and toobtain information. For this reason, the receiving apparatus needs toobtain a modulated signal of a frequency band for receiving firstpreamble 201 and second preamble 202.

In such a circumstance, when there is a terminal which needs only datasymbol group #2, a frame configuration for enablingdemodulation/decoding of data symbol group #2 only with a frequency bandoccupied by data symbol group #2 is desired in order to enable flexibleterminal design, and in a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 51, itis possible to realize this frame configuration.

When a frame is configured as in FIG. 51, control information symbols(for example, TMCC (Transmission Multiplexing Configuration Control))are inserted to data symbol group #2 in the frequency direction asillustrated in FIG. 49. For this reason, the receiving apparatus candemodulate/decode data symbol group #2 by obtaining modulated signals ofthe frequency band of only data symbol group #2. Hence, flexibleterminal design becomes possible.

Next, a case where a frame configuration of a modulated signal to betransmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 is a frameconfiguration in FIG. 52 will be described. Elements operating in thesame way as in FIG. 32 are assigned the same reference numerals in FIG.52. Moreover, in FIG. 52, a vertical axis indicates a frequency, and ahorizontal axis indicates time. Note that as with the first exemplaryembodiment to the fifth exemplary embodiment, a data symbol group may beof symbols of any of an SISO method (SIMO method), an MIMO method and anMISO method.

A difference of FIG. 52 from FIG. 32 is that first preamble 201 andsecond preamble 202 in FIG. 32 do not exist. Then, the controlinformation symbols (for example, TMCC (Transmission MultiplexingConfiguration Control)) are arranged on data symbol group #1 (3001),data symbol group #2 (3002), data symbol group #3 (3003), data symbolgroup #4 (3004), data symbol group #5 (3005) and data symbol group #6(3006) in a frequency direction. Note that the control informationsymbols include, for example, a symbol for frame synchronization,frequency synchronization and time synchronization, a symbol fornotifying of frequency/time resources to be used by each data symbolgroup described in the fifth exemplary embodiment, information relatedto a modulating method for generating a data symbol group, andinformation related to an error correction method for generating a datasymbol group (information related to a code, information related to acode length, information related to a coding rate, and the like).

However, the control information symbols are not necessarily arranged onall of data symbol group #1 (3001), data symbol group #2 (3002), datasymbol group #3 (3003), data symbol group #4 (3004), data symbol group#5 (3005) and data symbol group #6 (3006) in the frequency direction.This point will be described with reference to FIG. 53.

FIG. 53 illustrates an example of arrangement of control informationsymbols at time t1 to time t3 in FIG. 52. In a case of FIG. 52, datasymbol groups 5301, 5302 and 5303 each include any of data symbol group#1 (3001), data symbol group #2 (3002), data symbol group #3 (3003),data symbol group #4 (3004), data symbol group #5 (3005) and data symbolgroup #6 (3006).

FIG. 53 illustrates control information symbols 5304 and 5305, and thecontrol information symbols (for example, TMCC (TransmissionMultiplexing Configuration Control)) are arranged in a frequencydirection. Control information symbol 5304 is arranged on a specificcarrier as illustrated in FIG. 53. Moreover, control information symbol5305 is arranged on a specific carrier (subcarrier) (frequency) asillustrated in FIG. 53 (note that this specific carrier may include ormay not include symbols other than the control information symbols).

When there are, for example, carrier #1 to carrier #100 in a case wherefrequency division is performed as in FIG. 52 to arrange controlinformation symbols in a frequency/time area in which a data symbolgroup is arranged, the control information symbols may be arranged onspecific carriers such as carrier #5, carrier #25, carrier #40, carrier#55, carrier #70 and carrier #85, or the control information symbols maybe arranged according to arrangement of data symbol groups.

Next, an advantage in a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 52 willbe described.

In a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 32, the receiving apparatusneeds to obtain first preamble 201 and second preamble 202, in order todemodulate/decode data symbol group #1 (3001), data symbol group #2(3002), data symbol group #3 (3003), data symbol group #4 (3004), datasymbol group #5 (3005) and data symbol group #6 (3006) and to obtaininformation. For this reason, the receiving apparatus needs to obtain amodulated signal of a frequency band for receiving first preamble 201and second preamble 202.

In such a circumstance, when there is a terminal which needs only datasymbol group #2, a frame configuration for enablingdemodulation/decoding of data symbol group #2 only with a frequency bandoccupied by data symbol group #2 is desired in order to enable flexibleterminal design, and in a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 52, itis possible to realize this frame configuration.

When a frame is configured as in FIG. 52, the control informationsymbols (for example, TMCC (Transmission Multiplexing ConfigurationControl)) are inserted to a data symbol group in the frequency directionas illustrated in FIG. 53. For this reason, the receiving apparatus candemodulate/decode data symbol group #2 by obtaining modulated signals ofthe frequency bands around data symbol group #2. Hence, flexibleterminal design becomes possible.

Next, a case where a frame configuration of a modulated signal to betransmitted by the transmitting apparatus in FIG. 1 is a frameconfiguration in FIG. 54 will be described. Elements operating in thesame way as in FIG. 36 are assigned the same reference numerals in FIG.54. Moreover, in FIG. 54, a vertical axis indicates a frequency, and ahorizontal axis indicates time. Note that as with the first exemplaryembodiment to the fifth exemplary embodiment, a data symbol group may beof symbols of any of an SISO method (SIMO method), an MIMO method and anMISO method.

A difference of FIG. 54 from FIG. 36 is that first preamble 201 andsecond preamble 202, and first preamble 501 and second preamble 502 inFIG. 36 do not exist. Then, the control information symbols (forexample, TMCC (Transmission Multiplexing Configuration Control)) arearranged on data symbol group #1 (3401), data symbol group #2 (3402),data symbol group #3 (3403), data symbol group #4 (3404), data symbolgroup #5 (3405), data symbol group #6 (3406), data symbol group #7(3407), data symbol group #8 (3408), data symbol group #9 (3509), datasymbol group #10 (3510), data symbol group #11 (3511), data symbol group#12 (3512), and data symbol group #13 (3513) in a frequency direction.Note that the control information symbols include, for example, a symbolfor frame synchronization, frequency synchronization and timesynchronization, a symbol for notifying of frequency/time resources tobe used by each data symbol group described in the fifth exemplaryembodiment, information related to a modulating method for generating adata symbol group, and information related to an error correction methodfor generating a data symbol group (information related to a code,information related to a code length, information related to a codingrate, and the like).

However, control information symbols are not necessarily arranged on allof data symbol group #1 (3401), data symbol group #2 (3402), data symbolgroup #3 (3403), data symbol group #4 (3404), data symbol group #5(3405), data symbol group #6 (3406), data symbol group #7 (3407), datasymbol group #8 (3408), data symbol group #9 (3509), data symbol group#10 (3510), data symbol group #11 (3511), data symbol group #12 (3512),and data symbol group #13 (3513) in the frequency direction. This pointwill be described with reference to FIG. 53.

FIG. 53 illustrates an example of arrangement of control informationsymbols at time t1 to time t3 in FIG. 54. In a case of FIG. 54, datasymbol groups 5301, 5302 and 5303 each include any of data symbol group#1 (3401), data symbol group #2 (3402), data symbol group #3 (3403),data symbol group #4 (3404), data symbol group #5 (3405), data symbolgroup #6 (3406), data symbol group #7 (3407), data symbol group #8(3408), data symbol group #9 (3509), data symbol group #10 (3510), datasymbol group #11 (3511), data symbol group #12 (3512), and data symbolgroup #13 (3513).

FIG. 53 illustrates control information symbols 5304 and 5305, and thecontrol information symbols (for example, TMCC (TransmissionMultiplexing Configuration Control)) are arranged in a frequencydirection. Control information symbol 5304 is arranged on a specificcarrier as illustrated in FIG. 53. Moreover, control information symbol5305 is arranged on a specific carrier (subcarrier) (frequency) asillustrated in FIG. 53 (note that this specific carrier may include ormay not include symbols other than the control information symbols).

When there are, for example, carrier #1 to carrier #100 in a case wherefrequency division is performed as in FIG. 54 to arrange controlinformation symbols in a frequency/time area in which a data symbolgroup is arranged, the control information symbols may be arranged onspecific carriers such as carrier #5, carrier #25, carrier #40, carrier#55, carrier #70 and carrier #85, or the control information symbols maybe arranged according to arrangement of data symbol groups.

Next, an advantage in a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 54 willbe described.

In a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 36, the receiving apparatusneeds to obtain first preamble 201, second preamble 202, first preamble501 and second preamble 502, in order to demodulate/decode data symbolgroup #1 (3401), data symbol group #2 (3402), data symbol group #3(3403), data symbol group #4 (3404), data symbol group #5 (3405), datasymbol group #6 (3406), data symbol group #7 (3407), data symbol group#8 (3408), data symbol group #9 (3509), data symbol group #10 (3510),data symbol group #11 (3511), data symbol group #12 (3512), and datasymbol group #13 (3513) and to obtain information. For this reason, thereceiving apparatus needs to obtain a modulated signal of a frequencyband for receiving first preamble 201, second preamble 202, firstpreamble 501 and second preamble 502.

In such a circumstance, when there is a terminal which needs only datasymbol group #2, a frame configuration for enablingdemodulation/decoding of data symbol group #2 only with a frequency bandoccupied by data symbol group #2 is desired in order to enable flexibleterminal design, and in a case of the frame configuration in FIG. 54, itis possible to realize this frame configuration.

When a frame is configured as in FIG. 54, the control informationsymbols (for example, TMCC (Transmission Multiplexing ConfigurationControl)) are arranged on a data symbol group in the frequency directionas illustrated in FIG. 53. For this reason, the receiving apparatus candemodulate/decode data symbol group #2 by obtaining modulated signals ofthe frequency bands around data symbol group #2. Hence, flexibleterminal design becomes possible.

As in the above-described example, when a data symbol group is arrangedby using frequency division, control information symbols are arranged inthe frequency direction, and thus it is possible to obtain an effect ofenabling flexible terminal design. Note that the control informationsymbols related to a data symbol group arranged by using time (temporal)division are contained in the first preamble and the second preamble asillustrated in FIGS. 48, 50, 51, 52 and 54.

Note that control information related to a data symbol group subjectedto frequency division may be contained in the first preamble and thesecond preamble, or control information related to a data symbol groupsubjected to time (temporal) division may be contained in controlinformation symbols (4904, 4905, 5304 and 5305) illustrated in FIGS. 49and 53.

Seventh Exemplary Embodiment

The case where phase change is performed on a modulated signal isdescribed in the first exemplary embodiment to the sixth exemplaryembodiment (the first exemplary embodiment in particular). In thepresent exemplary embodiment, a method for performing phase change on adata symbol group subjected to frequency division will be described inparticular.

The first exemplary embodiment describes the phase change that isperformed on both of baseband signal s1(t) (s1(i)) and baseband signals2(t) (s2(i)) or one of baseband signal s1(t) (s1(i)) and basebandsignal s2(t) (s2(i)). As features of the present method, phase change isnot performed on, for example, pilot symbols (a reference symbol, aunique word and a postamble), a first preamble, a second preamble andcontrol information symbols other than symbols for transmitting basebandsignal s1(t) and baseband signal s2(t) in a transmission frame.

Then, there are the following cases in a method for performing phasechange on a data symbol group subjected to frequency division, whichincludes “performing phase change on both of baseband signal s1(t)(s1(i)) and baseband signal s2(t) (s2(i)) or one of baseband signals1(t) (s1(i)) and baseband signal s2(t) (s2(i)).”

First Case:

A first case will be described with reference to FIG. 55. In FIG. 55, avertical axis indicates time, and a horizontal axis indicates afrequency. Part (A) of FIG. 55 illustrates a frame configuration ofmodulated signal z1(t) (z1(i)) in the first exemplary embodiment. Part(B) of FIG. 55 illustrates a frame configuration of modulated signalz2(t) (z2(i)) in the first exemplary embodiment. A symbol of modulatedsignal z1(t) (z1(i)) and a symbol of modulated signal z2(t) (z2(i)) ofthe same time and the same frequency (the same carrier number) aretransmitted from different antennas.

In FIG. 55, symbols described as “P” are pilot symbols, and as describedabove, phase change is not performed on the pilot symbols. In (A) and(B) of FIG. 55, symbols other than the symbols described as “P” aresymbols (data symbols) for transmitting data. Note that in (A) and (B)of FIG. 55, a frame is configured with the data symbols and the pilotsymbols, but this configuration is only an example, and as describedabove, symbols such as control information symbols may be contained. Inthis case, phase change is not performed on the control informationsymbols, for example.

Part (A) of FIG. 55 illustrates area 5501 on which data symbolsbelonging to data symbol group #1 are arranged, and area 5502 on whichdata symbols belonging to data symbol group #2 are arranged. Then, (B)of FIG. 55 illustrates area 5503 on which data symbols belonging to datasymbol group #1 are arranged, and area 5504 on which data symbolsbelonging to data symbol group #2 are arranged. As a result, in theexamples in FIG. 55, the data symbol groups are subjected to frequencydivision and are arranged.

In the data symbol groups in FIG. 55, there are 7 cycles of phasechange, and any phase change of 7 types of “phase change $0, phasechange $1, phase change $2, phase change $3, phase change $4, phasechange $5 and phase change $6” is performed.

In symbols of data symbol group #1 in area 5501 in (A) of FIG. 55, thereis, for example, a symbol described as “#0 $0.” In this case, “#0” meansa “0th symbol” of data symbol group #1. Then, “$0” means performingphase change of “phase change $0.”

Moreover, there is a symbol described as “#1 $1.” In this case, “#1”means a “1st symbol” of data symbol group #1. Then, “$1” meansperforming phase change of “phase change $1.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “#X $Y” (X is an integer equal toor more than 0, and Y is an integer equal to or more than 0 and equal toor less than 6). In this case, “#X” means an “Xth symbol” of data symbolgroup #1. Then, “$Y” means performing phase change of “phase change $Y.”

In symbols of data symbol group #2 in area 5502 in (A) of FIG. 55, thereis, for example, a symbol described as “%0 $0.” In this case, “% 0”means a “0th symbol” of data symbol group #2. Then, “$0” meansperforming phase change of “phase change $0.”

Moreover, there is a symbol described as “%1 $1.” In this case, “% 1”means a “1st symbol” of data symbol group #2. Then, “$1” meansperforming phase change of “phase change $1.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “% X $Y” (X is an integer equal toor more than 0, and Y is an integer equal to or more than 0 and equal toor less than 6). In this case, “% X” means an “Xth symbol” of datasymbol group #2. Then, “$Y” means performing phase change of “phasechange $Y.”

In symbols of data symbol group #1 in area 5503 in (B) of FIG. 55, thereis, for example, a symbol described as “#0 $0.” In this case, “#0” meansa “0th symbol” of data symbol group #1. Then, “$0” means performingphase change of “phase change $0.”

Moreover, there is a symbol described as “#1 $1.” In this case, “#1”means a “1st symbol” of data symbol group #1. Then, “$1” meansperforming phase change of “phase change $1.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “#X $Y” (X is an integer equal toor more than 0, and Y is an integer equal to or more than 0 and equal toor less than 6). In this case, “#X” means an “Xth symbol” of data symbolgroup #1. Then, “$Y” means performing phase change of “phase change $Y.”

In symbols of data symbol group #2 in area 5504 in (B) of FIG. 55, thereis, for example, a symbol described as “%0 $0.” In this case, “% 0”means a “0th symbol” of data symbol group #2. Then, “$0” meansperforming phase change of “phase change $0.”

Moreover, there is a symbol described as “%1 $1.” In this case, “% 1”means a “1st symbol” of data symbol group #2. Then, “$1” meansperforming phase change of “phase change $1.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “% X $Y” (X is an integer equal toor more than 0, and Y is an integer equal to or more than 0 and equal toor less than 6). In this case, “% X” means an “Xth symbol” of datasymbol group #2. Then, “$Y” means performing phase change of “phasechange $Y.”

In this case, 7 cycles of phase change are performed in a data symbol ofmodulated signal z1. For example, “phase change of (2×0 π)/14 radians isperformed as phase change $0,” “phase change of (2×1×π)/14 radians isperformed as phase change $1,” “phase change of (2×2×π)/14 radians isperformed as phase change $2,” “phase change of (2×3×π)/14 radians isperformed as phase change $3,” “phase change of (2×4×π)/14 radians isperformed as phase change $4,” “phase change of (2×5×π)/14 radians isperformed as phase change $5,” and “phase change of (2×6×π)/14 radiansis performed as phase change $6” (however, a phase change value is notlimited to these values).

Then, 7 cycles of phase change are performed in a data symbol ofmodulated signal z2. For example, “phase change of −(2×0×π)/14 radiansis performed as phase change $0,” “phase change of −(2×1×π)/14 radiansis performed as phase change $1,” “phase change of −(2×2×π)/14 radiansis performed as phase change $2,” “phase change of −(2×3×π)/14 radiansis performed as phase change $3,” “phase change of −(2×4×π)/14 radiansis performed as phase change $4,” “phase change of −(2×5×π)/14 radiansis performed as phase change $5,” and “phase change of −(2×6×π)/14radians is performed as phase change $6” (however, a phase change valueis not limited to these values).

(Note that as described above, phase change may be performed onmodulated signal z1, and may not be performed on modulated signal z2.Moreover, phase change may not be performed on modulated signal z1, andphase change may be performed on modulated signal z2).

Features of the first case are such that “7 cycles of phase change areperformed in data symbol group #1 together with data symbol group #2”(that is, 7 cycles of phase change are performed in data symbols of anentire frame, regardless of a belonging data symbol group).

Second Case:

A second case will be described with reference to FIG. 56. In FIG. 56, avertical axis indicates time, and a horizontal axis indicates afrequency. Part (B) of FIG. 56 illustrates a frame configuration ofmodulated signal z1(t) (z1(i)) in the first exemplary embodiment. Part(B) of FIG. 56 illustrates a frame configuration of modulated signalz2(t) (z2(i)) in the first exemplary embodiment. A symbol of modulatedsignal z1(t) (z1(i)) and a symbol of modulated signal z2(t) (z2(i)) ofthe same time and the same frequency (the same carrier number) aretransmitted from different antennas.

In FIG. 56, symbols described as “P” are pilot symbols, and as describedabove, phase change is not performed on the pilot symbols. In (A) and(B) of FIG. 56, symbols other than the symbols described as “P” aresymbols (data symbols) for transmitting data. Note that in (A) and (B)of FIG. 56, a frame is configured with the data symbols and the pilotsymbols, but this configuration is only an example, and as disclosedabove, symbols such as control information symbols may be contained. Inthis case, phase change is not performed on the control informationsymbols, for example.

Part (A) of FIG. 56 illustrates area 5501 on which data symbolsbelonging to data symbol group #1 are arranged, and area 5502 on whichdata symbols belonging to data symbol group #2 are arranged. Then, (B)of FIG. 56 illustrates area 5503 on which data symbols belonging to datasymbol group #1 are arranged, and area 5504 on which data symbolsbelonging to data symbol group #2 are arranged. As a result, in theexample in FIG. 56, the data symbol groups are subjected to frequencydivision and are arranged.

In data symbol group #1 in FIG. 56, there are 7 cycles of phase change,and any phase change of 7 types of “phase change $0, phase change $1,phase change $2, phase change $3, phase change $4, phase change $5 andphase change $6” is performed. Then, in data symbol group #2 in FIG. 56,there are 5 cycles of phase change, and any phase change of 5 types of“phase change ♭0, phase change ♭1, phase change ♭2, phase change ♭3 andphase change ♭4” is performed.

In symbols of data symbol group #1 in area 5501 in (A) of FIG. 56, thereis, for example, a symbol described as “#0 $0.” In this case, “#0” meansa “0th symbol” of data symbol group #1. Then, “$0” means performingphase change of “phase change $0.”

Moreover, there is a symbol described as “#1 $1.” In this case, “#1”means a “1st symbol” of data symbol group #1. Then, “$1” meansperforming phase change of “phase change $1.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “#X $Y” (X is an integer equal toor more than 0, and Y is an integer equal to or more than 0 and equal toor less than 6). In this case, “#X” means an “Xth symbol” of data symbolgroup #1. Then, “$Y” means performing phase change of “phase change $Y.”

In symbols of data symbol group #2 in area 5502 in (A) of FIG. 56, thereis, for example, a symbol described as “%0 ♭0.” In this case, “%0” meansa “0th symbol” of data symbol group #2. Then, “♭0” means performingphase change of “phase change ♭0.”

Moreover, there is a symbol described as “%1 ♭1.” In this case, “%1”means a “1st symbol” of data symbol group #2. Then, “♭1” meansperforming phase change of “phase change ♭1.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “% X ♭Y” (X is an integer equal toor more than 0, and Y is an integer equal to or more than 0 and equal toor less than 4). In this case, “% X” means an “Xth symbol” of datasymbol group #2. Then, “♭Y” means performing phase change of “phasechange ♭Y.”

In symbols of data symbol group #1 in area 5503 in (B) of FIG. 56, thereis, for example, a symbol described as “#0 $0.” In this case, “#0” meansa “0th symbol” of data symbol group #1. Then, “$0” means performingphase change of “phase change $0.”

Moreover, there is a symbol described as “#1 $1.” In this case, “#1”means a “1st symbol” of data symbol group #1. Then, “$1” meansperforming phase change of “phase change $1.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “#X $Y” (X is an integer equal toor more than 0, and Y is an integer equal to or more than 0 and equal toor less than 6). In this case, “#X” means an “Xth symbol” of data symbolgroup #1. Then, “$Y” means performing phase change of “phase change $Y.”

In symbols of data symbol group #2 in area 5504 in (B) of FIG. 56, thereis, for example, a symbol described as “%0 ♭0.” In this case, “% 0”means a “0th symbol” of data symbol group #2. Then, “♭0” meansperforming phase change of “phase change ♭0.”

Moreover, there is a symbol described as “%1 ♭1.” In this case, “%1”means a “1st symbol” of data symbol group #2. Then, “hi” meansperforming phase change of “phase change ♭1.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “% X ♭Y” (X is an integer equal toor more than 0, and Y is an integer equal to or more than 0 and equal toor less than 4). In this case, “% X” means an “Xth symbol” of datasymbol group #2. Then, “♭Y” means performing phase change of “phasechange ♭Y.”

In this case, 7 cycles of phase change are performed in data symbolgroup #1 of modulated signal z1. For example, “phase change of(2×0×π)/14 radians is performed as phase change $0,” “phase change of(2×1×π)/14 radians is performed as phase change $1,” “phase change of(2×2×π)/14 radians is performed as phase change $2,” “phase change of(2×3×π)/14 radians is performed as phase change $3,” “phase change of(2×4×π)/14 radians is performed as phase change $4,” “phase change of(2×5×π)/14 radians is performed as phase change $5,” and “phase changeof (2×6×π)/14 radians is performed as phase change $6” (however, a phasechange value is not limited to these values).

Then, 7 cycles of phase change are performed in data symbol group #1 ofmodulated signal z2. For example, “phase change of −(2×0×π)/14 radiansis performed as phase change $0,” “phase change of −(2×1×π)/14 radiansis performed as phase change $1,” “phase change of −(2×2×π)/14 radiansis performed as phase change $2,” “phase change of −(2×3×π)/14 radiansis performed as phase change $3,” “phase change of −(2×4×π)/14 radiansis performed as phase change $4,” “phase change of −(2×5×π)/14 radiansis performed as phase change $5,” and “phase change of −(2×6×π)/14radians is performed as phase change $6” (however, a phase change valueis not limited to these values).

(Note that as described above, phase change may be performed in datasymbol group #1 of modulated signal z1, and may not be performed in datasymbol group #1 of modulated signal z2. Moreover, phase change may notbe performed in data symbol group #1 of modulated signal z1, and phasechange may be performed in data symbol group #1 of modulated signal z2.)

Then, 5 cycles of phase change are performed in data symbol group #2 ofmodulated signal z1. For example, “phase change of (2×0×π)/10 radians isperformed as phase change ♭0,” “phase change of (2×1×π)/10 radians isperformed as phase change ♭1,” “phase change of (2×2×π)/10 radians isperformed as phase change ♭2,” “phase change of (2×3×π)/10 radians isperformed as phase change ♭3,” and “phase change of (2×4×π)/10 radiansis performed as phase change ♭4” (however, a phase change value is notlimited to these values).

Then, 5 cycles of phase change are performed in data symbol group #2 ofmodulated signal z2. For example, “phase change of −(2×0×π)/10 radiansis performed as phase change ♭0,” “phase change of −(2×1×π)/10 radiansis performed as phase change ♭1,” “phase change of −(2×2×π)/10 radiansis performed as phase change ♭2,” “phase change of −(2×3×π)/10 radiansis performed as phase change ♭3,” and “phase change of −(2×4×π)/10radians is performed as phase change ♭4” (however, a phase change valueis not limited to these values).

(Note that as described above, phase change may be performed in datasymbol group #2 of modulated signal z1, and may not be performed in datasymbol group #2 of modulated signal z2. Moreover, phase change may notbe performed in data symbol group #2 of modulated signal z1, and phasechange may be performed in data symbol group #2 of modulated signal z2).

Features of the second case are such that “7 cycles of phase change areperformed in data symbol group #1, and also 5 cycles of phase change areperformed in data symbol group #2” (that is, unique phase change isperformed in each data symbol group. However, the same phase change maybe performed in different data symbols).

Third Case:

FIG. 57 illustrates a relationship between a transmission station and aterminal in a case of a third case. Terminal #3 (5703) can receivemodulated signal #1 to be transmitted by transmission station #1 (5701),and modulated signal #2 to be transmitted by transmission station #2(5702). For example, in frequency band A, the same data is transmittedin modulated signal #1 and modulated signal #2. That is, when a basebandsignal mapped on a data sequence by a certain modulating method is s1(t,f) (where t represents time and f represents a frequency), transmissionstation #1 and transmission station #2 both transmit modulated signalsbased on s1(t, f).

Hence, terminal #3 (5703) receives both of the modulated signaltransmitted by transmission station #1 and the modulated signaltransmitted by transmission station #2 in frequency band A, anddemodulates/decodes data.

FIG. 58 is an example of a configuration of transmission station #1 andtransmission station #2. A case where transmission station #1 andtransmission station #2 both transmit modulated signals based on s1(t,f) as in frequency band A as described above will be discussed.

Error correction encoder 5802 receives an input of information 5801 andsignal 5813 related to a transmitting method. Error correction encoder5802 performs error correction coding based on information related to anerror correction coding method and contained in signal 5813 related tothe transmitting method. Error correction encoder 5802 outputs data5803.

Mapper 5804 receives an input of data 5803 and signal 5813 related tothe transmitting method. Mapper 5804 performs mapping based oninformation related to the modulating method and contained in signal5813 related to the transmitting method. Mapper 5804 outputs basebandsignal 5805 (s1(t, f)) (note that data interleaving (data orderrearrangement) may be performed between error correction encoder 5802and mapper 5804).

Control information symbol generator 5807 receives an input of controlinformation 5806, and information 5813 related to the transmittingmethod. Control information symbol generator 5807 generates a controlinformation symbol based on information related to the transmittingmethod and contained in signal 5813 related to the transmitting method.Control information symbol generator 5807 outputs baseband signal 5808of the control information symbol.

Pilot symbol generator 5809 receives an input of signal 5813 related tothe transmitting method. Pilot symbol generator 5809 generates a pilotsymbol based on signal 5813. Pilot symbol generator 5809 outputsbaseband signal 5810 of a pilot symbol.

Transmitting method instructing unit 5812 receives an input oftransmitting method instruction information 5811. Transmitting methodinstructing unit 5812 generates and outputs signal 5813 related to thetransmitting method.

Phase changer 5814 receives an input of baseband signal 5805 (s1(t, f)),baseband signal 5808 of the control information symbol, baseband signal5810 of the pilot symbol, and signal 5813 related to the transmittingmethod. Phase changer 5814 performs phase change based on information ofa frame configuration contained in signal 5813 related to thetransmitting method, and based on information related to phase change.Phase changer 5814 outputs baseband signal 5815 based on a frameconfiguration. Note that details will be described below with referenceto FIGS. 59 and 60.

Radio unit 5816 receives an input of baseband signal 5815 based on theframe configuration, and signal 5813 related to the transmitting method.Radio unit 5816 performs processing such as interleaving, inverseFourier transform and frequency conversion based on signal 5813 relatedto the transmitting method. Radio unit 5816 generates and outputstransmission signal 5817. Transmission signal 5817 is output as a radiowave from antenna 5818.

FIG. 59 illustrates an example of a frame configuration of a modulatedsignal (transmission signal) to be transmitted by the transmissionstation in FIG. 58. In FIG. 59, a vertical axis indicates time, and ahorizontal axis indicates a frequency. In FIG. 59, symbols described as“P” are pilot symbols, and as features of the third case, phase changeis performed on the pilot symbols. Moreover, symbols described as “C”are control information symbols, and as features of the third case,phase change is performed on the control information symbols. Note thatFIG. 59 is an example in a case where control information symbols arearranged in a time axis direction.

In a frame in FIG. 59, there are 7 cycles of phase change, and any phasechange of 7 types of “phase change $0, phase change $1, phase change $2,phase change $3, phase change $4, phase change $5 and phase change $6”is performed.

In symbols of data symbol group #1 in area 5901 in FIG. 59, there is,for example, a symbol described as “#0 $1.” In this case, “#0” means a“0th symbol” of data symbol group #1. Then, “$1” means performing phasechange of “phase change $1.”

Moreover, there is a symbol described as “#1 $2.” In this case, “#1”means a “1st symbol” of data symbol group #1. Then, “$2” meansperforming phase change of “phase change $2.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “#X $Y” (X is an integer equal toor more than 0, and Y is an integer equal to or more than 0 and equal toor less than 6). In this case, “#X” means an “Xth symbol” of data symbolgroup #1. Then, “$Y” means performing phase change of “phase change $Y.”

In symbols of data symbol group #2 in area 5902 in FIG. 59, there is,for example, a symbol described as “%0 $3.” In this case, “% 0” means a“0th symbol” of data symbol group #2. Then, “$3” means performing phasechange of “phase change $3.”

Moreover, there is a symbol described as “%1 $4.” In this case, “% 1”means a “1st symbol” of data symbol group #2. Then, “$4” meansperforming phase change of “phase change $4.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “% X $Y” (X is an integer equal toor more than 0, and Y is an integer equal to or more than 0 and equal toor less than 6). In this case, “% X” means an “Xth symbol” of datasymbol group #2. Then, “$Y” means performing phase change of “phasechange $Y.”

Moreover, in FIG. 59, there is a symbol described as “C $0.” In thiscase, “C” means a control information symbol, and “$0” means performingphase change of “phase change $0.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “C $Y” (Y is an integer equal toor more than 0 and equal to or less than 6). In this case, “C” means acontrol information symbol, and “$Y” means performing phase change of“phase change $Y.”

Moreover, in FIG. 59, there are symbols described as “P $0,” forexample. In this case, “P” means a pilot symbol, and “$0” meansperforming phase change of “phase change $0.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “P $Y” (Y is an integer equal toor more than 0 and equal to or less than 6). In this case, “P” means apilot symbol, and “$Y” means performing phase change of “phase change$Y.”

In this case, 7 cycles of phase change are performed in a data symbol ofa modulated signal. For example, “phase change of (2×0×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $0,” “phase change of (2×1×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $1,” “phase change of (2×2×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $2,” “phase change of (2×3×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $3,” “phase change of (2×4×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $4,” “phase change of (2×5×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $5,” and “phase change of (2×6×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $6” (however, a phase change value is notlimited to these values).

Note that in modulated signal #1 to be transmitted by transmissionstation #1 (5701) and modulated signal #2 to be transmitted bytransmission station #2 (5702) in FIG. 57, phase change may be performedon both of modulated signal #1 and modulated signal #2 (however,different types of phase change may be performed on modulated signal #1and modulated signal #2 (phase change values may be different, and acycle of the phase change of modulated signal #1 and a cycle of thephase change of modulated signal #2 may be different). Moreover, phasechange may be performed on modulated signal #1, and may not be performedon modulated signal #2. Then, phase change may not be performed onmodulated signal #1, and phase change may be performed on modulatedsignal #2).

FIG. 60 illustrates an example of a frame configuration of a modulatedsignal (transmission signal) to be transmitted by the transmissionstation in FIG. 58. In FIG. 60, a vertical axis indicates time, and ahorizontal axis indicates a frequency. In FIG. 60, symbols described as“P” are pilot symbols, and as features of the third case, phase changeis performed on the pilot symbols. Moreover, symbols described as “C”are control information symbols, and as features of the third case,phase change is performed on the control information symbols. Note thatFIG. 60 is an example in a case where control information symbols arearranged in a frequency axis direction.

In a frame in FIG. 60, there are 7 cycles of phase change, and any phasechange of 7 types of “phase change $0, phase change $1, phase change $2,phase change $3, phase change $4, phase change $5 and phase change $6”is performed.

In symbols of data symbol group #1 in area 6001 in FIG. 60, there is,for example, a symbol described as “#0 $0.” In this case, “#0” means a“0th symbol” of data symbol group #1. Then, “$0” means performing phasechange of “phase change $0.”

Moreover, there is a symbol described as “#1 $1.” In this case, “#1”means a “1st symbol” of data symbol group #1. Then, “$1” meansperforming phase change of “phase change $1.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “#X $Y” (X is an integer equal toor more than 0, and Y is an integer equal to or more than 0 and equal toor less than 6). In this case, “#X” means an “Xth symbol” of data symbolgroup #1. Then, “$Y” means performing phase change of “phase change $Y.”

In symbols of data symbol group #2 in area 6002 in FIG. 60, there is,for example, a symbol described as “%0 $2.” In this case, “% 0” means a“0th symbol” of data symbol group #2. Then, “$2” means performing phasechange of “phase change $2.”

Moreover, there is a symbol described as “%1 $3.” In this case, “% 1”means a “1st symbol” of data symbol group #2. Then, “$3” meansperforming phase change of “phase change $3.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “% X $Y” (X is an integer equal toor more than 0, and Y is an integer equal to or more than 0 and equal toor less than 6). In this case, “% X” means an “Xth symbol” of datasymbol group #2. Then, “$Y” means performing phase change of “phasechange $Y.”

Moreover, in FIG. 60, there is a symbol described as “C $3,” forexample. In this case, “C” means a control information symbol, and “$3”means performing phase change of “phase change $3.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “C $Y” (Y is an integer equal toor more than 0 and equal to or less than 6). In this case, “C” means acontrol information symbol, and “$Y” means performing phase change of“phase change $ Y.”

Moreover, in FIG. 59, there is a symbol described as “P $3,” forexample. In this case, “P” means a pilot symbol, and “$3” meansperforming phase change of “phase change $3.”

Hence, there are symbols described as “P $Y” (Y is an integer equal toor more than 0 and equal to or less than 6). In this case, “P” means apilot symbol, and “$Y” means performing phase change of “phase change$Y.”

In this case, 7 cycles of phase change are performed in a data symbol ofa modulated signal. For example, “phase change of (2×0×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $0,” “phase change of (2×1×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $1,” “phase change of (2×2×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $2,” “phase change of (2×3×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $3,” “phase change of (2×4×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $4,” “phase change of (2×5×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $5,” and “phase change of (2×6×π)/7 radians isperformed as phase change $6” (however, a phase change value is notlimited to these values).

Note that in modulated signal #1 to be transmitted by transmissionstation #1 (5701) and modulated signal #2 to be transmitted bytransmission station #2 (5702) in FIG. 57, phase change may be performedon both of modulated signal #1 and modulated signal #2 (however,different types of phase change may be performed on modulated signal #1and modulated signal #2 (phase change values may be different, and acycle of the phase change of modulated signal #1 and a cycle of thephase change of modulated signal #2 may be different). Moreover, phasechange may be performed on modulated signal #1, and may not be performedon modulated signal #1. Then, phase change may not be performed onmodulated signal #1, and phase change may be performed on modulatedsignal #1).

FIGS. 59 and 60 each illustrate the 7 cycles of phase change, as anexample. However, a value of the cycle is not limited to this exampleand may be another value. Moreover, the cycle of phase change may beformed in the frequency axis direction or in the time direction.

Moreover, when phase change is performed for each symbol in FIGS. 59 and60, there may be no cycle of phase change.

Note that the configuration of transmission stations #1 and #2 in FIG.57 is not limited to the configuration in FIG. 58. Another configurationexample will be described with reference to FIG. 61.

Elements operating in the same way as in FIG. 58 are assigned the samereference numerals in FIG. 61, and will not be described. Features ofFIG. 61 are such that another apparatus transmits data 5803, controlinformation 5806 and transmitting method instruction information 5811,and receiver 6102 in FIG. 61 performs demodulation/decoding to obtaindata 5803, control information 5806 and transmitting method instructioninformation 5811. Hence, receiver 6102 receives a modulated signaltransmitted by another apparatus, receives an input of received signal6101, and demodulates and decodes received signal 6101 to output data5803, control information 5806, and transmitting method instructioninformation 5811.

Features of the third case are such that “7 cycles of phase change areperformed in data symbol group #1 together with data symbol group #2 andsymbols other than data symbols (the symbols other than data symbols arecontrol information symbols and pilot symbols in a case of FIGS. 59 and60, but there may be symbols other than control information symbols andpilot symbols)” (that is, 7 cycles of phase change are performed insymbols of an entire frame).

For example, the transmitting apparatus (transmission station) in FIG. 1selects and carries out any of the above-described first case, secondcase and third case (as a matter of course, the transmitting apparatusin FIG. 1 performs the operations described with reference to FIGS. 58and 61 when the transmitting apparatus selects the third case).

As described above, the transmitting apparatus can favorably obtain adiversity effect in each data symbol group by carrying out anappropriate phase change method in each transmitting method. For thisreason, the receiving apparatus can obtain an effect of making itpossible to obtain good data reception quality.

Note that as a matter of course, the transmitting apparatus(transmission station) may carry out any of the above-described firstcase, second case and third case alone.

Exemplary Embodiment A

FIG. 63 illustrates an example of a frame configuration when thehorizontal axis indicates time and the vertical axis indicatesfrequency, and the same reference numerals are assigned to elementsoperating in the same way as those in FIGS. 2 and 34.

Preambles are transmitted in a period from time t0 to time t1, symbolgroups subjected to time division (time division multiplexing (TDM)) aretransmitted in a period from time t1 to time t2, and symbol groupssubjected to time-frequency division multiplexing (TFDM) are transmittedin a period from time t2 to time t3.

In the case of TDM, the number of symbols (or slots) included in eachdata symbol group #TDX is the number of symbols (or slots) in which datacorresponding to an integral multiple of an FEC block (having a blocklength of an error correction code (a code length of an error correctioncode)) is fitted.

For example, when the block length of an error correction code is 64800bits and the number of bits for transmitting each symbol of a datasymbol group is 4 (the number of bits for transmitting each symbol is 4when the single-input single-output (SISO) method and 16QAM are used),the number of symbols necessary to transmit 64800 bits that indicate theblock length of the error correction code is 16200 symbols. Accordingly,in such a case, the number of symbols of data symbol group #TDX is16200×N (N is an integer greater than or equal to 1).

In another example, when the block length of an error correction code is64800 bits and the number of bits for transmitting each symbol of a datasymbol group is 6 (when the SISO method and 64QAM are used, the numberof bits for transmitting each symbol is 6), the number of symbolsnecessary to transmit 64800 bits that indicate the block length of theerror correction code is 10800 symbols. Accordingly, in such a case, thenumber of symbols of data symbol group #TDX is 10800×N (N is an integergreater than or equal to 1).

In yet another example, when the block length of an error correctioncode is 64800 bits, and the number of bits for transmitting each slot ofa data symbol group is 8 (when the MIMO method is used, the modulationmethod for stream 1 is 16QAM, and the modulation method for stream 2 is16QAM, the number of bits for transmitting each slot which includes onesymbol of stream 1 and one symbol of stream 2 is 8), the number of slotsnecessary to transmit 64800 bits that indicate the block length of theerror correction code is 8100. Accordingly, in such a case, the numberof slots of data symbol group #TDX is 8100×N (N is an integer greaterthan or equal to 1).

Among symbol groups subjected to time division in a period from time t1to time t2 in FIG. 63, data symbol group #TD1, data symbol group #TD2,data symbol group #TD3, data symbol group #TD4, and data symbol group#TD5 each satisfy that the number of symbols (slots) included in a datasymbol group is the number of symbols (slots) in which datacorresponding to an integral multiple of an FEC block (having a blocklength of an error correction code (a code length of an error correctioncode)) is fitted, as described above. The symbol groups are arranged inthe time axis direction.

In FIG. 63, the number of carriers along the frequency axis is 64.Accordingly, carriers from carrier 1 to carrier 64 are present.

For example, with regard to data symbol group #TD1, the arrangement ofdata symbols starts from “time $1, carrier 1”, and subsequently, datasymbols are arranged at “time $1, carrier 2”, “time $1, carrier 3”,“time $1, carrier 4”, . . . , “time $1, carrier 63”, “time $1, carrier64”, “time $2, carrier 1”, “time $2, carrier 2”, “time $2, carrier 3”,“time $2, carrier 4”, . . . , “time $2, carrier 63”, “time $2, carrier64”, “time $3, carrier 1”, and so on.

With regard to data symbol group #TD3, the arrangement of data symbolsstarts from “time $6000, carrier 1”, and subsequently data symbols arearranged at “time $6000, carrier 2”, “time $6000, carrier 3”, “time$6000, carrier 4”, . . . , “time $6000, carrier 63”, “time $6000,carrier 64”, “time $6001, carrier 1”, “time $6001, carrier 2”, “time$6001, carrier 3”, “time $6001, carrier 4”, . . . , “time $6001, carrier63”, “time $6001, carrier 64”, “time $6002, carrier 1”, and so on, andthe arrangement of symbols is completed when a symbol is arranged at“time $7000, carrier 20.”

Then, with regard to data symbol group #TD4, the arrangement of datasymbols starts from “time $7000, carrier 21.”

Furthermore, data symbols in data symbol groups #TD4 and TD#5 arearranged in accordance with the same rule, and the last symbol of datasymbol group #TD5 which is the last data symbol group is arranged attime $10000 at carrier 32.

Then, dummy symbols are arranged at carriers from carrier 33 to carrier64 at time $10000. Accordingly, symbols at carrier 1 to carrier 64 areto be transmitted also at time $10000. Note that each of the dummysymbols has a certain value for in-phase component I and also a certainvalue for quadrature component Q.

For example, in-phase component I of a dummy symbol may be generatedusing a pseudo-random sequence which includes “0” and “1”, andquadrature component Q of the dummy symbol may be 0. In this case, apseudo-random sequence is initialized at a position of a first dummysymbol, and in-phase component I may be converted into one of thevalues+1 and −1, based on in-phase component I=2 (½−pseudo-randomsequence).

Alternatively, quadrature component Q of a dummy symbol may be generatedusing a pseudo-random sequence which includes “0” and “1”, andquadrature component I of the dummy symbol may be 0. In this case, apseudo-random sequence is initialized at a position of a first dummysymbol, and quadrature component Q may be converted into one of thevalues+1 and −1, based on quadrature component Q=2 (½−pseudo-randomsequence).

Furthermore, an in-phase component of a dummy symbol may be set to areal number other than zero, and a quadrature component of the dummysymbol may be set to a real number other than zero.

A method for generating a dummy symbol is not limited to the above. Thedescription with regard to a dummy symbol here is also applicable todummy symbols later described.

According to the above rule, dummy symbols are arranged in a timesection (from time t1 to time t2 in FIG. 63) in which time division isperformed.

The time-frequency division multiplexing (TFDM) method is to bedescribed with reference to FIG. 63.

A period from time t2 to time t3 in FIG. 63 shows an example of a frameconfiguration in which time-frequency division multiplexing isperformed.

At time $10001, data symbol group #TFD1 (3401) and data symbol #TFD2(3402) are subjected to frequency division multiplexing, and data symbolgroup #TFD2 (3402), data symbol group #TFD3 (3403), and data symbolgroup #TFD6 (3406) are subjected to time division multiplexing atcarrier 11. Accordingly, a period from time t2 to time t3 includes aportion on which frequency division is performed and a portion on whichtime division multiplexing is performed, and thus the method is named“time-frequency division multiplexing”, here.

Data symbol group #TFD1 (3401) is present at time $10001 to time $14000,i is greater than or equal to 10001 and less than or equal to 14000, anddata symbols are present at carrier 1 to carrier 10 at time i whichsatisfies the above.

Data symbol group #TFD2 (3402) is present at time $10001 to time $11000,i is greater than or equal to 10001 and less than or equal to 11000, anddata symbols are present at carrier 11 to carrier 64 at time i whichsatisfies the above.

Data symbol group #TFD3 (3403) is present at time $11001 to time $13000,i is greater than or equal to 11001 and less than or equal to 13000, anddata symbols are present at carrier 11 to carrier 35 at time i whichsatisfies the above.

Data symbol group #TFD4 (3404) is present at time $11001 to time $12000,i is greater than or equal to 11001 and less than or equal to 12000, anddata symbols are present at carrier 36 to carrier 64 at time i whichsatisfies the above.

Data symbol group #TFD5 (3405) is present at time $12001 to time $13000,i is greater than or equal to 12001 and less than or equal to 13000, anddata symbols are present at carrier 36 to carrier 64 at time i whichsatisfies the above.

Data symbol group #TFD6 (3406) is present at time $13001 to time $14000,i is greater than or equal to 13001 and less than or equal to 14000, anddata symbols are present at carrier 11 to carrier 30 at time i whichsatisfies the above.

Data symbol group #TFD7 (3407) is present at time $13001 to time $14000,i is greater than or equal to 13001 and less than or equal to 14000, anddata symbol are present at carrier 31 to carrier 50 at time i whichsatisfies the above.

Data symbol group #TFD8 (3408) is present at time $13001 to time $14000,i is greater than or equal to 13001 and less than or equal to 14000, anddata symbols are present at carrier 51 to carrier 64 at time i whichsatisfies the above.

The time-frequency division multiplexing method has a feature that thecarrier number of an occupied carrier is the same for a data symbolgroup in all the time sections in which data symbols of the data symbolgroup are present.

The number of symbols (or the number of slots) included in data symbolgroup #TFDX is U. U is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

First, “V (which is an integer greater than or equal to 1) which denotesthe number of symbols (or the number of slots) in which data having anintegral multiple of a block length of an error correction code (a codelength of an error correction code) is fitted” is secured. Note thatU−α+1≤V≤U is to be satisfied (a denotes the number of symbols (or thenumber of slots) necessary to transmit a block having a block length (acode length) of an error correction code (unit: bits), and is an integergreater than or equal to 1).

When U−V≠0, dummy symbols (or dummy slots) of U−V symbols (or U−V slots)are added. Thus, data symbol group #TFDX includes data symbols that areV symbols (or V slots) and dummy symbols that are U−V symbols (or U−Vslots) (each dummy symbol has a certain value for in-phase component I,and also a certain value for quadrature component Q).

All the data symbol groups subjected to time-frequency divisionmultiplexing each satisfy that “a data symbol group includes datasymbols that are V symbols (or V slots) and dummy symbols that are U−Vsymbols (or U−V slots)”.

Specifically, when data symbol groups subjected to time-frequencydivision multiplexing needs to have dummy symbols (or dummy slots),dummy symbols (dummy slots) are inserted in data symbol groupsseparately.

FIG. 64 illustrates an example of a state in which dummy symbols (ordummy slots) are inserted in, for example, data symbol group #TFD1(3401) in FIG. 63.

In data symbol group #TFD1 (3401), data symbols are arrangedpreferentially from a position having a smaller time index. A rule thatif data symbols are arranged at all the occupied carriers at a certaintime, data symbols are arranged at carriers at a time subsequent to thecertain time is adopted.

For example, with regard to data symbol group #TFD1 (3401), a datasymbol is arranged at carrier 1 at time $10001, and thereafter datasymbols are arranged at carrier 2 at time $10001, carrier 3 at time$10001, . . . , carrier 9 at time $10001, and carrier 10 at time $10001,as illustrated in FIG. 64. Then, moving on to time $10002, data symbolsare arranged at carrier 1 at time $10002, carrier 2 at time $10002, andso on.

With regard to data symbol arrangement at time $13995, data symbols arearranged at carrier 1 at time $13995, carrier 2 at time $13995, carrier3 at time $13995, carrier 4 at time $13995, carrier 5 at time $13995,and carrier 6 at time $13995. This completes arrangement of datasymbols.

However, there are symbols as data symbol group #TFD1 (3401) at carrier7, carrier 8, carrier 9, and carrier 10 at time $13995, carrier 1 tocarrier 10 at time $13996, carrier 1 to carrier 10 at time $13997,carrier 1 to carrier 10 at time $13998, carrier 1 to carrier 10 at time$13999, and carrier 1 to carrier 10 at time $14000. Thus, dummy symbolsare arranged at carrier 7, carrier 8, carrier 9, and carrier 10 at time$13995, carrier 1 to carrier 10 at time $13996, carrier 1 to carrier 10at time $13997, carrier 1 to carrier 10 at time $13998, carrier 1 tocarrier 10 at time $13999, and carrier 1 to carrier 10 at time $14000.

Following the same method as described above, dummy symbols are arrangedif necessary also in data symbol group #TFD2 (3402), data symbol group#TFD3 (3403), data symbol group #TFD4 (3404), data symbol group #TFD5(3405), data symbol group #TFD6 (3406), data symbol group #TFD7 (3407),and data symbol group #TFD8 (3408) in FIG. 63.

As described above, dummy symbols are inserted using different methodsfor a frame subjected to time division multiplexing and a framesubjected to time-frequency division multiplexing, and thus a receivingapparatus can readily sort out data symbols, and demodulate/decode data.Furthermore, an advantageous effect of preventing fall of a datatransmission rate due to dummy symbols can be achieved.

Note that a frame configuration in which “preambles”, “symbols subjectedto time division”, and “symbols subjected to time-frequency division”are arranged in this order along the time axis is described based on theexample in FIG. 63, yet the present disclosure is not limited to this.For example, a frame configuration in which “preambles”, “symbolssubjected to time-frequency division, and “symbols subjected to timedivision” are arranged in this order may be adopted, and may alsoinclude symbols other than the symbols illustrated in FIG. 63.

For example, in FIG. 63, “preambles” may be inserted between “symbolssubjected to time division” and “symbols subjected to time-frequencydivision”, or other symbols may be inserted between “symbols subjectedto time division” and “symbols subjected to time-frequency division”.

FIG. 65 illustrates an example of a frame configuration in which thehorizontal axis indicates time and the vertical axis indicatesfrequency, and the same reference numerals are assigned to elementsoperating in the same way as those in FIGS. 2 and 34.

Preambles are transmitted in a period from time t0 to time t1, symbolgroups subjected to frequency division (frequency division multiplexing(FDM)) are transmitted in a period from time t1 to time t2, and symbolgroups subjected to time-frequency division multiplexing (TFDM) aretransmitted in a period from time t2 to time t3.

In the case of FDM, the number of symbols (or the number of slots)included in each data symbol group #FDX is the number of symbols (or thenumber of slots) in which data corresponding to an integral multiple ofa FEC block (having a block length of an error correction code (a codelength of an error correction code)) is fitted.

For example, when the block length of an error correction code is 64800bits and the number of bits for transmitting each symbol of a datasymbol group is 4 (when the single-input single-output (SISO) method and16QAM are used, the number of bits for transmitting each symbol is 4),the number of symbols necessary to transmit 64800 bits that indicate theblock length of an error correction code is 16200 symbols. Accordingly,in such a case, the number of symbols included in data symbol group #FDXis 16200×N (N is an integer greater than or equal to 1).

In another example, when the block length of an error correction code is64800 bits and the number of bits for transmitting each symbol of a datasymbol group is 6 (when the SISO method and 64QAM are used, the numberof bits for transmitting each symbol is 6), the number of symbolsnecessary to transmit 64800 bits that indicate the block length of anerror correction code is 10800. Accordingly, in such a case, the numberof symbols of data symbol group #FDX is 10800×N (N is an integer greaterthan or equal to 1).

In yet another example, when the block length of an error correctioncode is 64800 bits and the number of bits for transmitting each slot ofa data symbol group is 8 (when the MIMO method is used and a modulationmethod for stream 1 is 16QAM, whereas a modulation method for stream 2is 16QAM, the number of bits for transmitting each slot which includesone symbol of stream 1 and one symbol of stream 2 is 8), the number ofslots necessary to transmit 64800 bits that indicate the block length ofan error correction code is 8100. Thus, in such a case, the number ofslots of data symbol group #FDX is 8100×N (N is an integer greater thanor equal to 1).

In a period from time t1 to time t2 in FIG. 65, the number of symbols(or the number of slots) in each of data symbol group #FD1, data symbolgroup #FD2, data symbol group #FD3, and data symbol group #FD4 subjectedto frequency division satisfies “the number of symbols (or the number ofslots) in which data corresponding to an integral multiple of a FECblock (having a block length of an error correction code (a code lengthof an error correction code)) is fitted”, as described above. Symbolgroups are arranged along the frequency axis.

In FIG. 65, the number of carriers along the frequency axis is 64.Accordingly, carrier 1 to carrier 64 are present.

For example, data symbol group #FD1 includes data symbols at carrier 1to carrier 15 from time $1 to time $10000.

Data symbol group #FD2 includes data symbols at carrier 16 to carrier 29from time $1 to time $10000, and data symbols at carrier 30 from time $1to time $6000.

Data symbol group #FD3 includes data symbols at carrier 30 from time$6001 to time $10000, data symbols at carrier 31 to carrier 44 from time$1 to time 10000, and data symbols at carrier 45 from time $1 to time$7000.

Data symbol group #FD4 includes data symbols at carrier 45 from time$7001 to time $10000, data symbols at carrier 46 to carrier 63 from time$1 to time $10000, and data symbols at carrier 64 from time $1 to time$6000.

The last data symbol group among data symbol groups arranged along thefrequency axis is data symbol group #4, and the last symbol is atcarrier 64 at time $6000.

Then, arrangement of dummy symbols starts at time $6001 at carrier 64.Thus, dummy symbols are arranged at carrier 64 from time $6001 to time$10000. Note that each dummy symbol has a certain value for in-phasecomponent I, and also has a certain value for quadrature component Q.

According to the above rule, dummy symbols are arranged in a sectionsubjected to frequency division (from time t1 to time t2 in FIG. 65).

The above has described that data symbols are allocated preferentiallyfrom a position having a smaller frequency index, yet data symbols arepreferentially arranged from a position having a smaller time index.This point is to be described.

In data symbol group #FD1 (6501), data symbols are preferentiallyarranged from a position having a smaller time index. A rule that ifdata symbols are arranged at all the occupied carriers at a certaintime, data symbols are arranged at carriers at a time subsequent to thecertain time is adopted.

For example, in data symbol group #FD1 (6501), as illustrated in FIG.65, a data symbol is arranged at carrier 1 at time $1, and thereafterdata symbols are arranged at carrier 2 at time $1, carrier 3 at time $1,. . . , carrier 14 at time $1, and carrier 15 at time $1. Then, movingonto time $2, data symbols are arranged at carrier 1 at time $2, carrier2 at time $2, carrier 3 at time $2, . . . , carrier 14 at time $2, andcarrier 15 at time $2.

Thereafter, data symbols are arranged also at time $3 in the samemanner, and data symbols are arranged up to time $10000 in the samemanner.

In data symbol group #FD2 (6502), as illustrated in FIG. 65, a datasymbol is arranged at carrier 16 at time $1, and thereafter data symbolsare arranged at carrier 17 at time $1, carrier 18 at time $1, . . . ,carrier 29 at time $1, and carrier 30 at time $1. Then, moving onto time$2, data symbols are arranged at carrier 17 at time $2, carrier 18 attime $2, carrier 19 at time $2, . . . , carrier 29 at time $2, andcarrier 30 at time $2. Thereafter, data symbols are arranged also attime $3 in the same manner, and data symbols are arranged up to time$6000 in the same manner.

A data symbol is arranged at carrier 16 at time $6001, and thereafterdata symbols are arranged at carrier 17 at time $6001, carrier 18 attime $6001, . . . , carrier 28 at time $6001, and carrier 29 at time$6001. Then, moving onto time $6002, data symbols are arranged atcarrier 17 at time $6002, carrier 18 at time $6002, carrier 19 at time$6002, . . . , carrier 28 at time $6002, and carrier 29 at time $6002.Thereafter, data symbols are arranged also at time $6003 in the samemanner, and data symbols are arranged up to time $10000 in the samemanner.

In data symbol group #FD3 (6503), as illustrated in FIG. 65, a datasymbol is arranged at carrier 31 at time $1, and thereafter, datasymbols are arranged at carrier 32 at time $1, carrier 33 at time $1, .. . , carrier 44 at time $1, and carrier 45 at time $1. Moving onto time$2, data symbols are arranged at carrier 31 at time $2, carrier 32 attime $2, carrier 33 at time $2, . . . , carrier 44 at time $2, andcarrier 45 at time $2. Thereafter, data symbols are arranged also attime $3 in the same manner, and data symbols are arranged up to time$6000 in the same manner.

A data symbol is arranged at carrier 30 at time $6001, and thereafter,data symbols are arranged at carrier 31 at time $6001, carrier 32 attime $6001, . . . , carrier 44 at time $6001, and carrier 45 at time$6001. Then, moving onto time $6002, data symbols are arranged atcarrier 31 at time $6002, carrier 32 at time $6002, carrier 33 at time$6002, . . . , carrier 44 at time $6002, and carrier 45 at time $6002.Data symbols are arranged also at time $6003 in the same manner, anddata symbols are arranged up to time $7000 in the same manner.

Then, a data symbol is arranged at carrier 30 at time $7001, andthereafter data symbols are arranged at carrier 31 at time $7001,carrier 32 at time $7001, . . . , carrier 43 at time $7001, and carrier44 at time $7001. Then, moving onto time $7002, data symbols arearranged at carrier 30 at time $7002, carrier 31 at time $7002, carrier32 at time $7002, . . . , carrier 43 at time $6002, and carrier 44 attime $6002. Thereafter, data symbols are arranged also at time $7003 inthe same manner, and then data symbols are arranged up to time $10000 inthe same manner.

Data symbols are arranged also for data symbol group #FD4 (6504) in thesame manner.

Note that the arrangement described here means “a method of arranginggenerated data symbols in order”, or “a method of rearranging generateddata symbols, and arranging the rearranged data symbols in order”.

Arranging data symbols in such a manner gives the receiving apparatus anadvantage that a less storage capacity is used for storing data symbols(if data symbols are arranged in the frequency direction, it may bedifficult to start the next processing until data symbols at time $10000are received).

Data symbol groups #TFDX (3401 to 3408) in FIG. 65 operate in the sameway as those in FIG. 64, and thus description thereof is omitted.

As described above, dummy symbols are inserted using different methodsfor a frame subjected to frequency division multiplexing and a framesubjected to time-frequency division multiplexing, whereby a receivingapparatus can readily sort out data symbols, and demodulate/decode data.Furthermore, an advantageous effect of preventing fall of a datatransmission rate due to dummy symbols can be achieved.

Note that a frame configuration in which “preambles”, “symbols subjectedto frequency division”, and “symbols subjected to time-frequencydivision” are arranged in the order along the time axis is describedbased on the example in FIG. 65, yet the present disclosure is notlimited to this, and for example, a frame configuration in which“preambles”, “symbols subjected to time-frequency division, and “symbolssubjected to frequency division” are arranged in the order may beadopted.

The frame configuration may also include symbols other than the symbolsillustrated in FIG. 65. As an example, a method of including in theframe configuration “preambles”, “symbols subjected to frequencydivision, “symbols subjected to time-frequency division”, and “symbolssubjected to time division” is described.

For example, in FIG. 65, “preambles” may be inserted between “symbolssubjected to frequency division” and “symbols subjected totime-frequency division”, and other symbols may be inserted between“symbols subjected to frequency division” and “symbols subjected totime-frequency division”.

FIG. 66 illustrates an example of a frame configuration in which thehorizontal axis indicates time and the vertical axis indicatesfrequency, and the same reference numerals are assigned to elementsoperating in the same way as those in FIG. 2.

Symbols 6601 subjected to time division are transmitted in a sectionfrom time t1 to t2. Note that an example of a configuration of symbolssubjected to time division is as illustrated in FIG. 63, and symbols6601 subjected to time division include, for example, data symbol group#TD1 (6301), data symbol group #TD2 (6302), data symbol group #TD3(6303), data symbol group #TD4 (6304), data symbol group #TD5 (6305),and dummy symbols 6306.

In a section from time t2 to time t3, symbols 6602 subjected tofrequency division are transmitted. Note that an example of aconfiguration of symbols subjected to frequency division is asillustrated in FIG. 65, and symbols 6602 subjected to frequency divisioninclude data symbol group #FD1 (6501), data symbol group #FD2 (6502),data symbol group #FD3 (6503), data symbol group #FD4 (6504), and dummysymbols (6505), for example.

In a section from time t3 to time t4, symbols 6603 subjected totime-frequency division are transmitted. Note that an example of aconfiguration of symbols subjected to time-frequency division is asillustrated in FIGS. 63 and 65, and symbols 6703 subjected totime-frequency division include, for example, data symbol group #TFD1(3401), data symbol group #TFD2 (3402), data symbol group #TFD3 (3403),data symbol group #TFD4 (3404), data symbol group #TFD5 (3405), datasymbol group #TFD6 (3406), data symbol group #TFD7 (3407), and datasymbol group #TFD8 (3408).

At this time, a method of inserting dummy symbols to symbols 6601subjected to time division is the same as the method described above, amethod of inserting dummy symbols to symbols 6602 subjected to frequencydivision is also the same as the method described above, and a method ofinserting dummy symbols to symbols 6603 subjected to time-frequencydivision is also the same as the method described above.

As described above, dummy symbols are inserted using different methodsfor a frame subjected to time division, a frame subjected to frequencydivision multiplexing, and a frame subjected to time-frequency divisionmultiplexing, whereby a receiving apparatus can readily sort out datasymbols, and demodulate/decode data. Furthermore, an advantageous effectof preventing fall of a data transmission rate due to dummy symbols canbe achieved.

Note that a frame configuration in which “preambles”, “symbols subjectedto time division”, “symbols subjected to frequency division”, and“symbols subjected to time-frequency division” are arranged in the orderalong the time axis is described based on the example in FIG. 66, yetthe present disclosure is not limited to this, and for example, “symbolssubjected to time division”, “symbols subjected to frequency division”,and “symbols subjected to time-frequency division” may be transmitted inany (temporal) order subsequently to “preambles”. The frameconfiguration may also include symbols other than the symbolsillustrated in FIG. 66.

For example, in FIG. 66, “preambles” may be inserted between “symbolssubjected to time division” and “symbols subjected to frequencydivision”, and other symbols may be inserted between “symbols subjectedto time division” and “symbols subjected to frequency division”. Inaddition, “preambles” may be inserted between “symbols subjected tofrequency division” and “symbols subjected to time-frequency division”,and other symbols may be inserted between “symbols subjected tofrequency division” and “symbols subjected to time-frequency division”.

Note that the present disclosure can be achieved even by partiallycombining and executing the present disclosure.

Exemplary Embodiment B

The present exemplary embodiment describes allocation of data symbolgroups to terminals conducted when a base station (or an access point(AP), for instance) transmits a modulated signal indicated by a frameconfiguration based on the time and frequency axes described in thisspecification (such as those illustrated in, for example, FIGS. 2, 3, 4,5, 6, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 48,29, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 63, and 65 (but, the frame configuration is notlimited to these)).

FIG. 67 illustrates an example of a relation between a base station (oran access point, for instance) and terminals. Base station (AP) 6700-00communicates with terminal #1 (6700-01), terminal #2 (6700-02), . . . ,and terminal #n (6700-n) (n is a natural number greater than or equal to2). Note that FIG. 67 illustrates an example of a state in which a basestation (AP) communicates with terminals, but the state in which thebase station (AP) communicates with terminals is not limited to thestate in FIG. 67, and the base station (AP) is assumed to communicatewith at least one terminal.

FIG. 68 illustrates an example of communication between the base stationand terminals in the present exemplary embodiment.

<1> First, the terminals each transmit a request for transmitting a datasymbol group to a base station (AP).

For example, when the base station (AP) and terminals are in a state asillustrated in FIG. 67, terminal #1 (6700-01) transmits a request fortransmitting a data symbol group to base station (AP) 6700-00.Similarly, terminal #2 (6700-02) transmits a request for transmitting adata symbol group to base station (AP) 6700-00. Similarly, terminal #n(6700-n) transmits a request for transmitting a data symbol group tobase station (AP) 6700-00.

<2> The base station receives, from each terminal, a modulated signalwhich includes a request for a data symbol group. The base stationobtains information on the request for a data symbol group from eachterminal, and determines allocation of data symbol groups included in aframe of a modulated signal which the base station transmits to theterminals.

For example, base station (AP) 6700-00 transmits a modulated signalindicated by the frame configuration in FIG. 54. Base station (AP)6700-00 has received requests for transmitting data, from terminal #1(6700-01), terminal #2 (6700-02), terminal #3 (6700-03), terminal #4(6700-04), terminal #5 (6700-05), terminal #6 (6700-06), terminal #7(6700-07), and terminal #8 (6700-08).

Then, base station (AP) 6700-00 sets data symbol group #1 (3401) in FIG.54 as a data symbol group for transmitting data to terminal #8(6700-08). Thus, base station (AP) 6700-00 transmits data (for terminal#8 (6700-08)) to terminal #8 (6700-08), using data symbol group #1(3401) in FIG. 54.

Base station (AP) 6700-00 sets data symbol group #2 (3402) in FIG. 54 asa data symbol group for transmitting data to terminal #7 (6700-07).Thus, base station (AP) 6700-00 transmits data (for terminal #7(6700-07)) to terminal #7 (6700-07), using data symbol group #2 (3402)in FIG. 54.

Base station (AP) 6700-00 sets data symbol group #3 (3403) in FIG. 54 asa data symbol group for transmitting data to terminal #6 (6700-06).Thus, base station (AP) 6700-00 transmits data (for terminal #6(6700-06)) to terminal #6 (6700-06), using data symbol group #3 (3403)in FIG. 54.

Base station (AP) 6700-00 sets data symbol group #4 (3404) in FIG. 54,as a data symbol group for transmitting data to terminal #5 (6700-05).Thus, base station (AP) 6700-00 transmits data (for terminal #5(6700-05)) to terminal #5 (6700-05), using data symbol group #4 (3404)in FIG. 54.

Base station (AP) 6700-00 sets data symbol group #5 (3405) in FIG. 54 asa data symbol group for transmitting data to terminal #4 (6700-04).Thus, base station (AP) 6700-00 transmits data (for terminal #4(6700-04)) to terminal #4 (6700-04), using data symbol group #5 (3405)in FIG. 54.

Base station (AP) 6700-00 sets data symbol group #6 (3406) in FIG. 54 asa data symbol group for transmitting data to terminal #3 (6700-03).Thus, base station (AP) 6700-00 transmits data (for terminal #3(6700-03)) to terminal #3 (6700-03), using data symbol group #6 (3406)in FIG. 54.

Base station (AP) 6700-00 sets data symbol group #7 (3407) in FIG. 54 asa data symbol group for transmitting data to terminal #2 (6700-02).Thus, base station (AP) 6700-00 transmits data (for terminal #2(6700-02)) to terminal #2 (6700-02), using data symbol group #7 (3407)in FIG. 54.

Base station (AP) 6700-00 sets data symbol group #8 (3408) in FIG. 54 asa data symbol group for transmitting data to terminal #1 (6700-01).Thus, base station (AP) 6700-00 transmits data (for terminal #1(6700-01)) to terminal #1 (6700-01), using data symbol group #8 (3408)in FIG. 54.

Note that a method of allocating data symbol groups to the terminals isnot limited to the above method, and data symbol group #1 (3401) may beallocated to a terminal other than terminal #8 (6700-08), for example.In addition, in the above description, the frame configuration of amodulated signal which base station (AP) 6700-00 transmits is theconfiguration in FIG. 54, but is not limited to this. The frameconfiguration of a modulated signal which base station (AP) 6700-00transmits may be the configuration illustrated in, for example, FIG. 2,3, 4, 5, 6, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 48,29, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 63, or 65 (or another frame configuration otherthan these).

A frame configuring method is conceivable in which information on arelation between a data symbol group and a terminal (such as, forexample, information indicating that “data symbol group #8 (3408)includes data for terminal #1 (6700-01)” is included in first preamble3601 and/or second preamble 3602 in FIG. 54.

Note that a method of transmitting data symbol groups may be any of theSISO method (which is a method with which, for example, one modulatedsignal is transmitted or one modulated signal is transmitted using aplurality of antennas (note that modulated signals transmitted from theantennas may be the same or different)), the MISO method (which is amethod in which a space time block code or a time-frequency block codeis used), and the MIMO method (which is a method for transmitting aplurality of modulated signals using a plurality of antennas, forexample), for instance (note that details are described using examplesin this specification).

The data symbol groups may be used to transmit any type of informationincluding video information, audio information, and text information, ormay be used to transmit data for control. In other words, datatransmitted using data symbol groups may be any type of data.

<3> The terminals each receive a modulated signal transmitted by thebase station, extract a data symbol group to be needed, demodulate thedata symbol group, and obtain data.

For example, when data symbol groups are allocated as described above,terminal #1 (6700-01) receives a modulated signal transmitted by basestation (AP) 6700-00, obtains “information on a relation between a datasymbol group and a terminal” included in first preamble 3601 and/orsecond preamble 3602, extracts a data symbol group which includes datafor terminal #1 (6700-01), namely data symbol group #8 (3408), anddemodulates (and performs error correction decoding on) data symbolgroup #8 (3408), thus obtaining data.

FIG. 69 illustrates an example of a configuration of the base station(AP) in the present exemplary embodiment.

Receiver 6900-07 receives an input of received signal 6900-06 which isreceived by antenna 6900-05. Receiver 6900-07 performs processes such asfrequency conversion, signal processing for, for example, OFDM,demapping (demodulation), and error correction decoding, and outputsreceived data 6900-08.

Transmitter 6900-02 receives inputs of, for example, transmission data6900-01 (which includes control information to be transmitted in, forinstance, a preamble, here) and received data 6900-08. Transmitter6900-02 performs, on transmit data 6900-01, processes such as errorcorrection coding, mapping using a modulation method which has been set,signal processing for, for example, OFDM, frequency conversion, andamplification, and generates and outputs modulated signal 6900-03,modulated signal 6900-03 is outputted as a radio wave from antenna6900-04, and one or more terminals receive modulated signal 6900-03.

Note that transmitter 6900-02 receives an input of received data6900-08. At this time, received data 6900-08 includes information onrequests for transmitting data from terminals. Accordingly, based on theinformation on requests for transmitting data from terminals,transmitter 6900-02 generates a modulated signal for the frameconfiguration in FIG. 54, as described above. At this time, transmitter6900-02 allocates, to terminals, data symbol groups (3401, 3402, 3403,3404, 3405, 3406, 3407, and 3408 in the case of FIG. 54) as describedabove, based on information on requests for transmitting data fromterminals. In addition, transmitter 6900-02 generates the first preambleand/or the second preamble in FIG. 54 which include(s) information on arelation between terminals and data symbols groups involved inallocation to terminals based on information on requests fortransmitting data from terminals (such as information indicating, forexample, “data symbol group #8 (3408) includes data for terminal #1(6700-01)”.

Note that examples of a configuration of a transmitting apparatusincluded in the base station (AP) are as illustrated in FIGS. 1, 58, and71, and the configuration in FIG. 71 is later described.

In FIG. 69, the base station (AP) includes single antenna 6900-04 fortransmission, but the present disclosure is not limited to a singleantenna, and the base station (AP) may include a plurality of antennasfor transmission. At this time, transmitter 6900-02 transmits aplurality of modulated signals using the plurality of transmissionantennas, and thus generates a plurality of modulated signals.

Similarly, in FIG. 69, the base station (AP) includes single antenna6900-05 for reception, but the present disclosure is not limited to asingle antenna, and the base station (AP) may include a plurality ofantennas for reception. At this time, a plurality of modulated signalsare received using the plurality of antennas, and receiver 6900-07performs signal processing on the plurality of modulated signals, thusobtaining received data.

FIG. 70 illustrates an example of a configuration of a terminal in thepresent exemplary embodiment.

Receiver 7000-07 receives an input of received signal 7000-06 receivedvia antenna 7000-05, performs processes such as frequency conversion,signal processing for, for example, OFDM, demapping (demodulation), anderror correction decoding, and outputs received data 7000-08.

Transmitter 7000-02 receives inputs of transmission data 7000-01 (whichincludes, for example, control information transmitted in, for instance,a preamble, here) and received data 7000-08. Transmitter 7000-02performs, on transmission data 7000-01, error correction coding, mappingusing a modulation method which has been set, signal processing for, forexample, OFDM, frequency conversion, and amplification, and generatesand outputs modulated signal 7000-03. Modulated signal 7000-03 is outputas a radio wave from antenna 7000-04, and the base station (AP) receivesmodulated signal 7000-03.

Note that transmitter 7000-02 receives an input of received data7000-08. At this time, received data 7000-08 may include controlinformation from the base station (AP). At this time, transmitter7000-02 may set, based on control information from the base station(AP), a transmitting method, a frame configuration, a modulation method,and an error correction coding method, for example, and may generate amodulated signal.

Note that an example of a configuration of a receiving apparatus of aterminal is as illustrated in FIGS. 23 and 73, and the configuration inFIG. 73 will be described later. When a modulated signal transmitted bythe base station is received, a receiving apparatus of a terminalobtains a first preamble and/or a second preamble, to obtain informationon a data symbol group to be demodulated, and subsequently extracts adesired data symbol group, and performs demodulation and errorcorrection decoding on the extracted data symbol group, thus obtainingreceived data.

In FIG. 70, a terminal includes single antenna 7000-04 for transmission,but the present disclosure is not limited to a single antenna, and theterminal may include a plurality of antennas for transmission. At thistime, a plurality of modulated signals are transmitted using theplurality of transmission antennas, and transmitter 7000-02 generates aplurality of modulated signals.

Similarly, in FIG. 70, a terminal includes single antenna 7000-05 forreception, but the present disclosure is not limited to a singleantenna, and the terminal may include a plurality of antennas forreception. At this time, a plurality of modulated signals are receivedusing the plurality of antennas, and receiver 7000-07 performs signalprocessing on the plurality of modulated signals, thus obtainingreceived data.

FIG. 71 illustrates an example of a configuration of a transmitterincluded in the base station (AP) in the present exemplary embodiment.Note that in FIG. 71, the same reference numerals are assigned toelements which operate in the same manner as those in FIG. 58.

Transmitting method designation information 5811 includes information onallocation of data symbol groups to the terminals (an example of whichis information indicating that “data symbol group #1 is for transmittingdata to terminal #8”).

Transmitting method instructing unit 5812 receives an input oftransmitting method designation information 5811, and outputsinformation 5813 on a transmitting method. For example, information 5813on a transmitting method includes information on allocation of datasymbol groups to terminals, information on a method for transmittingdata symbol groups, information on a method for modulating data symbolgroups, information on an error correction coding method (code length,coding rate) for data symbol groups, and information on a frameconfiguration.

Data symbol group generator 7100-00 receives inputs of data 5801 andinformation 5813 on a transmitting method, and generates basebandsignals for data symbol groups based on information 5813 on atransmitting method.

Frame configuring unit 7100-01 receives inputs of baseband signals 5805for data symbols, baseband signal 5808 for a control information symbol,baseband signal 5810 for a pilot symbol, and information 5813 on atransmitting method. Frame configuring unit 7100-01 generates andoutputs modulated signal 7100-02 according to, for example, the frameconfiguration in FIG. 54 (note that as described above, the frameconfiguration is not limited to the frame configuration in FIG. 54),based on information on the frame configuration included in information5813 on a transmitting method.

Radio unit 5861 receives inputs of modulated signal 7100-02 according toa frame configuration, and information on a transmitting method. Radiounit 5816 performs processes such as frequency conversion andamplification on modulated signal 7100-02 according to a frameconfiguration, and generates and outputs transmission signal 5817.Transmission signal 5817 is output as a radio wave from antenna 5818.

FIG. 72 illustrates an example of a configuration of data symbol groupgenerator 7100-00 included in the base station (AP) in FIG. 71.

Data symbol group #1 generator 7200-02-1 receives inputs of data #1(7200-01-1) and information 7200-00 (5813) on transmitting methods. Datasymbol group #1 generator 7200-02-1 performs processes such as errorcorrection coding and modulation, based on information on allocation ofdata symbol groups to terminals, information on methods for transmittingdata symbol groups, information on methods for modulating data symbolgroups, and information on error correction coding methods (code length,coding rate) for data symbol groups, which are included in information7200-00 on transmitting methods, and outputs a baseband signal for datasymbol group #1 7200-03-1.

Data symbol group #2 generator 7200-02-2 receives inputs of data #2(7200-01-2) and information 7200-00 (5813) on transmitting methods. Datasymbol group #2 generator 7200-02-2 performs processes such as errorcorrection coding and modulation, based on information on allocation ofdata symbol groups to terminals, information on methods for transmittingdata symbol groups, information on methods for modulating data symbolgroups, and information on error correction coding methods (code length,coding rate) for data symbol groups, which are included in information7200-00 on transmitting methods, and outputs a baseband signal for datasymbol group #2 7200-03-2.

Similar processing continues.

Data symbol group #m generator 7200-02-m receives inputs of data #m(7200-01-m) and information 7200-00 (5813) on transmitting methods. Datasymbol group #m generator 7200-02-m performs processes such as errorcorrection coding and modulation, based on information on allocation ofdata symbol groups to terminals, information on methods for transmittingdata symbol groups, information on methods for modulating data symbolgroups, and information on error correction coding methods (code length,coding rate) for data symbol groups, which are included in information7200-00 on transmitting methods, and outputs a baseband signal for datasymbol group #m 7200-03-m (note that m is an integer greater than orequal 1 or an integer greater than or equal to 2).

FIG. 73 illustrates an example of a configuration of a receiver of aterminal in the present exemplary embodiment. Note that in FIG. 73, thesame reference numerals are assigned to elements which operate in thesame manner as those in FIG. 23.

OFDM method related processor 2303_X receives an input of receivedsignal 2302_X received by antenna 2301_X. OFDM method related processor2303_X performs OFDM-related signal processing, and outputs signal2304_X obtained as a result of the signal processing.

First preamble detector/demodulator 2311 receives an input of signal2304_X obtained as a result of the signal processing. For example, firstpreamble detector/demodulator 2311 detects and demodulates the firstpreamble in FIG. 54 (another frame configuration may be used), andoutputs first preamble control information 2312.

Second preamble demodulator 2313 receives inputs of signal 2304_Xobtained as a result of the signal processing and first preamble controlinformation 2312. For example, second preamble demodulator 2313demodulates the second preamble in FIG. 54, and outputs second preamblecontrol information 2314.

Control signal generator 2315 receives inputs of first preamble controlinformation 2312 and second preamble control information 2314, andoutputs control signal 2316. Note that control signal 2316 includesinformation on allocation of data symbol groups to terminals.

Channel fluctuation estimator 7300-01 receives inputs of signal 2304_Xobtained as a result of the signal processing and control signal 2316.Signal processor 2309 receives inputs of signal 2304_X obtained as aresult of the signal processing and control signal 2316. Based oncontrol signal 2316, channel fluctuation estimator 7300-01 estimates achannel using a preamble and a pilot symbol included in signal 2304_Xobtained as a result of the signal processing, and outputs channelestimation signal 7300-02.

Signal processor 2309 receives inputs of channel estimation signal7300-02, signal 2304_X obtained as a result of the signal processing,and control signal 2316. Based on information on allocation of datasymbol groups to terminals included in control signal 2316, signalprocessor 2309 extracts a desired data symbol group from signal 2304_Xobtained as a result of the signal processing, performs processes suchas demodulation and error correction decoding on the extracted datasymbol group, and outputs received data 2310.

As described above, a terminal which is a destination is suitably setfor each data symbol group in a modulated signal which the base station(AP) transmits, whereby an advantageous effect of improvement inefficiency of data transmission by the base station (AP) can beobtained.

For example, when the base station (AP) transmits a frame as illustratedin FIG. 54 by time division, the above transmitting method is superiorin respect of improvement in efficiency of data transmission.

Note that as described in other exemplary embodiments, particularsymbols (5304, 5305) are arranged at particular carriers as illustratedin FIG. 53 in a period from time t1 to time t3 in the frameconfiguration in FIG. 54. At this time, the particular symbols (5304,5305) at the particular carriers may be data symbol groups (for example,the symbols at a particular carrier may be data symbol group #100).

Exemplary Embodiment C

The present exemplary embodiment gives a supplementary description withregard to “a method of inserting dummy symbols (or dummy slots) in adata symbol group” described with reference to FIG. 64.

FIG. 74 illustrates an example of a frame configuration of a modulatedsignal which a base station (AP) transmits in the present exemplaryembodiment, and the same reference numerals are assigned to an elementwhich operates in the same manner as in FIG. 2.

FIG. 74 illustrates an example of a frame configuration of a modulatedsignal that the base station (AP) in the present exemplary embodimenttransmits, and the vertical axis indicates frequency, whereas thehorizontal axis indicates time.

In the frame, there are carrier 1 to carrier 64 in the frequencydirection, and there are symbols for each carrier.

The base station (AP) transmits first preamble 201 and second preamble202 in a period from time t0 to time t1, as illustrated in FIG. 74.

In a period from time t1 time t2, the base station (AP) transmits datasymbol group #FD1 (#TFD1) (7400-01), data symbol group #FD2 (#TFD2)(7400-02), data symbol group #FD3 (#TFD3) (7400-03), and data symbolgroup #FD4 (#TFD4) (7400-04).

In a period from time t2 to time t3, the base station (AP) transmitsfirst preamble 7400-51 and second preamble 7400-52.

In a period from time t3 to time t4, the base station (AP) transmitsdata symbol group #FD5 (#TFD5) (7400-05), data symbol group #FD6 (#TFD6)(7400-06), data symbol group #FD7 (#TFD7) (7400-07), data symbol group#FD8 (#TFD8) (7400-08), and data symbol group #FD9 (#TFD9) (7400-09).

In a period from time t4 to time t5, the base station (AP) transmitsfirst preamble 7400-53 and second preamble 7400-54.

In a period from time t5 to time t6, the base station (AP) transmitsdata symbol group #TD10 (#TFD10) (7400-10) and data symbol group #TD11(#TD11) (7400-11).

In FIG. 74, data symbol group #FD1 (#TFD1) (7400-01) is a data symbolgroup for which carrier 1 to carrier 15 are used in the frequency axisdirection and time $1 to time $10000 are used in the time direction(there are symbols in the carrier direction, and also there are symbolsin the time direction).

Similarly, data symbol group #FD2 (#TFD2) (7400-02) is a data symbolgroup for which carrier 16 to carrier 31 are used in the frequency axisdirection and time $1 to time $10000 are used in the time direction(there are symbols in the carrier direction, and also there are symbolsin the time direction).

Data symbol group #FD3 (#TFD3) (7400-03) is a data symbol group forwhich carrier 32 to carrier 46 are used in the frequency axis directionand time $1 to time $10000 are used in the time direction (there aresymbols in the carrier direction, and also there are symbols in the timedirection).

Data symbol group #FD4 (#TFD4) (7400-04) is a data symbol group forwhich carrier 47 to carrier 64 are used in the frequency axis direction,and time $1 to time $10000 are used in the time direction (there aresymbols in the carrier direction, and also there are symbols in the timedirection).

As described above, in the frame in FIG. 74, data symbol group #FD1(#TFD1) (7400-01), data symbol group #FD2 (#TFD2) (7400-02), data symbolgroup #FD3 (#TFD3) (7400-03), and data symbol group #FD4 (#TFD4)(7400-04) are subjected to frequency division multiplexing.

In FIG. 74, data symbol group #FD5 (#TFD5) (7400-05) is a data symbolgroup for which carrier 1 to carrier 15 are used in the frequency axisdirection and time ♭1 to time 68000 are used in the time direction(there are symbols in the carrier direction, and also there are symbolsin the time direction).

Similarly, data symbol group #FD6 (#TFD6) (7400-06) is a data symbolgroup for which carrier 16 to carrier 29 are used in the frequency axisdirection and time ♭1 to time 68000 are used in the time direction(there are symbols in the carrier direction, and also there are symbolsin the time direction).

Data symbol group #FD7 (#TFD7) (7400-07) is a data symbol group forwhich carrier 30 to carrier 38 are used in the frequency axis directionand time ♭1 to time ♭8000 are used in the time direction (there aresymbols in the carrier direction, and also there are symbols in the timedirection).

Data symbol group #FD8 (#TFD8) (7400-08) is a data symbol group forwhich carrier 39 to carrier 52 are used in the frequency axis directionand time ♭1 to time ♭8000 are used in the time direction (there aresymbols in the carrier direction, and also there are symbols in the timedirection).

Data symbol group #FD9 (#TFD9) (7400-09) is a data symbol group forwhich carrier 53 to carrier 64 are used in the frequency axis directionand time ♭1 to time ♭8000 are used in the time direction (there aresymbols in the carrier direction, and also there are symbols in the timedirection).

Accordingly, in the frame in FIG. 74, data symbol group #FD5 (#TFD5)(7400-05), data symbol group #FD6 (#TFD6) (7400-06), data symbol group#FD7 (#TFD7) (7400-07), data symbol group #FD8 (#TFD8) (7400-08), anddata symbol group #FD9 (#TFD9) (7400-09) are subjected to frequencydivision multiplexing.

In FIG. 74, data symbol group #TD10 (#TFD10) (7400-10) is a data symbolgroup for which carrier 1 to carrier 64 are used in the frequency axisdirection and time *1 to time *50 are used in the time direction (thereare symbols in the carrier direction, and also there are symbols in thetime direction).

Similarly, data symbol group #TD11 (#TD11) (7400-11) is a data symbolgroup for which carrier 1 to carrier 64 are used in the frequency axisdirection and time *51 to time *81 are used in the time direction (thereare symbols in the carrier direction, and also there are symbols in thetime direction).

Note that FIG. 74 illustrates the case where data symbol group #TD10(#TFD10) (7400-10) and data symbol group #TD11 (#TD11) (7400-11) aresubjected to time division multiplexing, yet a configuration may beadopted in which data symbol group #TD11 (#TD11) (7400-11) is notincluded, for example. In addition, a frame configuration in which thefirst preamble and the second preamble are included between data symbolgroup #TD10 (#TFD10) (7400-10) and data symbol group #TD11 (#TD11)(7400-11) may be adopted as another example.

Note that first preambles 201, 7400-51, and 7400-53 in FIG. 74 mayinclude symbols other than preamble symbols (or may not include symbolsother than preamble symbols). In addition, not all the carriers fromcarrier 1 to carrier 64 may be used to transmit symbols of the firstpreamble. For example, a symbol whose in-phase component I is zero andquadrature component Q is zero may be present at a particular carrier.

Similarly, second preambles 202, 7400-52, and 7400-54 in FIG. 74 mayinclude a symbol other than preamble symbols (or may not include symbolsother than preamble symbols). In addition, not all the carriers fromcarrier 1 to carrier 64 may be used to transmit symbols of the secondpreamble. For example, a symbol whose in-phase component I is zero andquadrature component Q is zero may be present at a particular carrier.

Data symbol group #FD1 (#TFD1) (7400-01), data symbol group #FD2 (#TFD2)(7400-02), data symbol group #FD3 (#TFD3) (7400-03), data symbol group#FD4 (#TFD4) (7400-04), data symbol group #FD5 (#TFD5) (7400-05), datasymbol group #FD6 (#TFD6) (7400-06), data symbol group #FD7 (#TFD7)(7400-07), data symbol group #FD8 (#TFD8) (7400-08), data symbol group#FD9 (#TFD9) (7400-09), data symbol group #TD10 (#TFD10) (7400-10), anddata symbol group #TD11 (#TD11) (7400-11) may include a symbol otherthan a data symbol (or may not include a symbol other than a datasymbol). At a particular carrier, there may be a pilot symbol which canbe used for channel fluctuation estimation, phase noise estimation,frequency offset estimation, frequency synchronization, and timesynchronization, for instance.

In FIG. 74, data symbol group #FD1 (#TFD1) (7400-01) and data symbolgroup #FD (#TFD5) (7400-05) are both transmitted using carrier 1 tocarrier 15, and are symbols arranged at particular carriers andcorresponding to symbols 5304 and 5305 arranged at particular carriersin FIG. 53, in a description given with reference to FIGS. 52, 53, and54 in the sixth exemplary embodiment.

Note that a data symbol group and a terminal may be given a relation asdescribed in Exemplary Embodiment B. With regard to this point, asdescribed in detail in Exemplary Embodiment B, for example:

The base station (AP) transmits data to terminal #1 using data symbolgroup #FD1 (#TFD1) (7400-01). Accordingly, data symbol group #FD1(#TFD1) (7400-01) is a data symbol group for transmitting data toterminal #1.

The base station (AP) transmits data to terminal #2 using data symbolgroup #FD2 (#TFD2) (7400-02). Accordingly, data symbol group #FD2(#TFD2) (7400-02) is a data symbol group for transmitting data toterminal #2.

The base station (AP) transmits data to terminal #3 using data symbolgroup #FD3 (#TFD3) (7400-03). Accordingly, data symbol group #FD3(#TFD3) (7400-03) is a data symbol group for transmitting data toterminal #3.

The base station (AP) transmits data to terminal #4 using data symbolgroup #FD4 (#TFD4) (7400-04). Accordingly, data symbol group #FD4(#TFD4) (7400-04) is a data symbol group for transmitting data toterminal #4. As described above, frequency division multiple access isperformed using data symbol groups present in a period from time t1 totime t2 (note that orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)is performed when the OFDM method is used).

Similarly,

-   -   The base station (AP) transmits data to terminal #A, using data        symbol group #FD5 (#TFD5) (7400-05). Accordingly, data symbol        group #FD5 (#TFD5) (7400-05) is a data symbol group for        transmitting data to terminal #A.

The base station (AP) transmits data to terminal #B using data symbolgroup #FD6 (#TFD6) (7400-06). Accordingly, data symbol group #FD6(#TFD6) (7400-06) is a data symbol group for transmitting data toterminal #B.

The base station (AP) transmits data to terminal #C using data symbolgroup #FD7 (#TFD7) (7400-07). Accordingly, data symbol group #FD7(#TFD7) (7400-07) is a data symbol group for transmitting data toterminal #C.

The base station (AP) transmits data to terminal #D using data symbolgroup #FD8 (#TFD8) (7400-08). Accordingly, data symbol group #FD8(#TFD8) (7400-08) is a data symbol group for transmitting data toterminal #D.

The base station (AP) transmits data to terminal #E using data symbolgroup #FD9 (#TFD9) (7400-09). Accordingly, data symbol group #FD9(#TFD9) (7400-09) is a data symbol group for transmitting data toterminal #E. As described above, frequency division multiple access isperformed using data symbol groups present in a period from time t3 totime t4 (note that orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)is performed when the OFDM method is used).

The base station (AP) transmits data to terminal #α using data symbolgroup #TD10 (#TFD10) (7400-10). Accordingly, data symbol group #TD10(#TFD10) (7400-10) is a data symbol group for transmitting data toterminal a.

The base station (AP) transmits data to terminal #p using data symbolgroup #TD11 (#TFD11) (7400-11). Accordingly, data symbol group #TD11(#TFD11) (7400-11) is a data symbol group for transmitting data toterminal 13.

Data symbol groups subjected to time division (or time divisionmultiplexing), frequency division (or frequency division multiplexing),and time domain division and frequency domain division (or time domaindivision multiplexing and frequency domain division multiplexing) in theframes illustrated in, for instance, FIGS. 54 and 74 (the following isapplicable to the frames described in the specification, not limited tothe frames illustrated in FIGS. 54 and 74) have been described.

The following describes another example of a configuration of a timeboundary or a frequency boundary between data symbol groups.

For example, a state as illustrated in FIG. 75 is considered when datasymbol groups are divided in the time direction. FIG. 75 is a diagramillustrating an example of division in the time direction.

In FIG. 75, the horizontal axis indicates time and the vertical axisindicates frequency (carrier). FIG. 75 illustrates an example in which afirst area, a second area, a third area, and a fourth area are obtainedas data symbol groups by division in the time direction.

As illustrated in FIG. 75, the first area and the second area arepresent at time t1. At time t2 and time t3, the second area and thethird area are present. The third area and the fourth area do notoverlap in the time direction. Cases including such cases are defined asbeing “divided in the time direction”. For example, time division may beperformed such that a plurality of data symbol groups are present at acertain time as illustrated in FIG. 75.

Furthermore, an area may have different time widths at differentfrequencies, as can be seen from the first area to the third area inFIG. 75. Specifically, an area may not be a quadrilateral in atime-frequency plane. Cases including such cases are defined as being“divided in the time direction”.

For example, a state as illustrated in FIG. 76 is to be considered whendividing data symbol groups in the frequency direction. FIG. 76 is adiagram illustrating an example of the division in the frequencydirection.

In FIG. 76, the horizontal axis indicates frequency (carrier), and thevertical axis indicates time. FIG. 76 illustrates an example of a casein which a first area, a second area, a third area, and a fourth areaare obtained as data symbol groups by division in the frequencydirection.

As illustrated in FIG. 76, the first area and the second area arepresent at carrier c1. Furthermore, the second area and the third areaare present at carrier c2 and carrier c3. The third area and the fourtharea do not overlap in the frequency direction. The cases including suchcases are defined as being “divided in the frequency direction”. Forexample, frequency division may be performed such that a plurality ofdata symbol groups are present at a certain frequency (carrier) asillustrated in FIG. 76.

Furthermore, an area may have different frequency widths at differenttimes, as can be seen from the first area to the third area in FIG. 76.Specifically, an area may not be a quadrilateral in a time-frequencyplane. The cases including such cases are defined as being “divided inthe frequency direction”.

When data symbol groups are subjected to time domain division andfrequency domain division (or time domain division multiplexing andfrequency domain division multiplexing), the data symbol groups may bedivided in the time direction as illustrated in FIG. 75, and divided inthe frequency direction as illustrated in FIG. 76. Specifically, onearea of a data symbol group in a time-frequency plane may have differentfrequency widths at different times, and furthermore may have differenttime widths at different frequencies.

Of course, frequency division may be performed to obtain data symbolgroups as shown by data symbol group #FD1 (#TFD1) (7400-01), data symbolgroup #FD2 (#TFD2) (7400-02), data symbol group #FD3 (#TFD3) (7400-03),and data symbol group #FD4 (#TFD4) (7400-04) in FIG. 74, so that thereis no carrier (frequency) at which two or more data symbol groups arepresent.

Furthermore, time division may be performed so as to obtain data symbolgroup #TD10 (#TFD10) (7400-10) and data symbol group #TD11 (#TD11)(7400-11) as illustrated in FIG. 74, so that there is no time (timeperiod) at which two or more data symbol groups are present.

FIG. 64 illustrates an example in which dummy symbols (or dummy slots)are inserted in data symbol group #FD1 (#TFD1) (7400-01) in FIG. 74, forexample (an example similar to the following example has already beendescribed with reference to FIGS. 63 and 64).

For example, data symbols are preferentially arranged from a smallertime index in data symbol group #FD1 (#TFD1) (7400-01). A rule that ifdata symbols are arranged at all the occupied carriers at a certaintime, data symbols are arranged at carriers at a time subsequent to thecertain time is adopted.

For example, in data symbol group #TFD1 (3401), as illustrated in FIG.64, a data symbol is arranged at carrier 1 at time $10001, andthereafter data symbols are arranged at carrier 2 at time $10001,carrier 3 at time $10001, . . . , carrier 9 at time $10001, and carrier10 at time $10001. Then, moving onto time $10002, data symbols arearranged at carrier 1 at time $10002, carrier 2 at time $10002, and soon.

At time $13995, data symbols are arranged at carrier 1 at time $13995,carrier 2 at time $13995, carrier 3 at time $13995, carrier 4 at time$13995, carrier 5 at time $13995, and carrier 6 at time $13995. Thiscompletes arrangement of data symbols.

However, symbols as data symbol group #TFD1 (3401) are present atcarrier 7, carrier 8, carrier 9, and carrier 10 at time $13995, carrier1 to carrier 10 at time $13996, carrier 1 to carrier 10 at time $13997,carrier 1 to carrier 10 at time $13998, carrier 1 to carrier 10 at time$13999, and carrier 1 to carrier 10 at time $14000. Thus, dummy symbolsare arranged at carrier 7, carrier 8, carrier 9, and carrier 10 at time$13995, carrier 1 to carrier 10 at time $13996, carrier 1 to carrier 10at time $13997, carrier 1 to carrier 10 at time $13998, carrier 1 tocarrier 10 at time $13999, and carrier 1 to carrier 10 at time $14000.

If necessary, dummy symbols are also arranged in, using the same methodas above, data symbol group #FD2 (#TFD2) (7400-02), data symbol group#FD3, (#TFD3) (7400-03), data symbol group #FD4 (#TFD4) (7400-04), datasymbol group #FD5 (#TFD5) (7400-05), data symbol group #FD6 (#TFD6)(7400-06), data symbol group #FD7 (#TFD7) (7400-07), data symbol group#FD8 (#TFD8) (7400-08), data symbol group #FD9 (#TFD9) (7400-09), datasymbol group #TD10 (#TFD10) (7400-10), and data symbol group #TD11(#TFD11) (7400-11) in FIG. 74.

As described above, a dummy symbol is inserted in a data symbol groupsubjected to time division multiplexing, a data symbol group subjectedto time division multiplexing, and a data symbol group for which aparticular carrier is used, whereby a receiving apparatus readily sortsout data symbols, and demodulates/decodes data, and furthermore anadvantageous effect of preventing a fall in the data transmission ratedue to dummy symbols can be obtained.

Note that in the example in FIG. 74, a frame in which “preambles”,“symbols subjected to frequency division”, “preambles”, “symbolssubjected to frequency division”, “preambles”, “symbols subjected totime division”, or in other words, “preambles”, “symbols subjected tofrequency division”, “preambles”, “symbols subjected to frequencydivision”, “preambles”, “symbol groups not subjected to frequencydivision” are arranged along the time axis in this order has beendescribed, yet the present disclosure is not limited to this. Forexample, a frame in which “preambles”, “symbols subjected to timedivision”, “preambles”, and “symbols subjected to frequency division”are arranged in this order along the time axis may be adopted, or aframe in which “preambles”, “symbol groups not subjected to frequencydivision”, “preambles”, and “symbols subjected to frequency division”are arranged in this order along the time axis may be adopted.

A method of inserting a dummy symbol group in a data symbol group is notlimited to the method illustrated in FIG. 64. The following describes anexample of a method of inserting dummy symbols, which is different fromthe method illustrated in FIG. 64.

The number of symbols (or the number of slots) is U in data symbol group#TFD X, data symbol group #FD Y, and data symbol group #TD Z (forexample, X, Y, and Z are integers greater than or equal to 1). U is aninteger greater than or equal to 1.

First, “V (which is an integer greater than or equal to 1) which denotesthe number of symbols (or the number of slots) in which data which is anintegral multiple of a FEC block (having a block length of an errorcorrection code (a code length of an error correction code)) is fitted”is secured. Note that U−α+1≤V≤U is to be satisfied (a denotes the numberof symbols (or the number of slots) necessary to transmit a block havingthe block length of an error correction code (code length) (unit: bit),and is an integer greater than or equal to 1).

When U−V≠0, dummy symbols (or dummy slots) of U−V symbols (or U−V slots)are added. Thus, data symbol group #TFD X, data symbol group #FD Y, ordata symbol group #TD Z includes data symbols of V symbols (or V slots)and dummy symbols of U−V symbols (or U−V slots) (each dummy symbol has acertain value for in-phase component I, and also a certain value forquadrature component Q).

Data symbol group #TFD X, data symbol group #FD Y, and data symbol group#TD Z satisfy “including data symbols of V symbols (or V slots) anddummy symbols of U−V symbols (or U−V slots).

Specifically, when data symbol group #TFD X, data symbol group #FD Y,and data symbol group #TD Z need to have dummy symbols (or dummy slots),dummy symbols (dummy slots) are inserted in each data symbol group.

An example of a configuration of the base station (AP) which utilizes adummy symbol insertion method is described.

The configuration of the base station (AP) is the configuration in FIG.1 in which data generator 102 and frame configuring unit 110 arereplaced with those in FIG. 77. The following describes FIG. 77.

The same reference numerals are assigned to elements in FIG. 77 whichoperate in the same manner as those in FIG. 1.

Error correction encoder 7700-02-1 for data symbol group #1 receivesinputs of data 7700-01-1 for data symbol group #1 (for terminal #1, forexample) and control signal 7700-00 (109). Based on information on anerror correction coding method included in control signal 7700-00 (109)(such as, for example, information on an error correction code, the codelength of an error correction code, and the coding rate of an errorcorrection code), error correction encoder 7700-02-1 performs errorcorrection coding on data 7700-01-1 for data symbol group #1, andoutputs data 7700-03-1 for data symbol group #1 obtained as a result oferror correction coding.

Similarly, error correction encoder 7700-02-2 for data symbol group #2receives inputs of data 7700-01-2 for data symbol group #2 (for terminal#2, for example) and control signal 7700-00 (109). Based on informationon an error correction coding method included in control signal 7700-00(109) (such as, for example, information on an error correction code,the code length of an error correction code, and the coding rate of anerror correction code), error correction encoder 7700-02-2 performserror correction coding on data 7700-01-2 for data symbol group #2, andoutputs data 7700-03-2 for data symbol group #2 obtained as a result oferror correction coding.

Similar processing continues.

Error correction encoder 7700-02-N for data symbol group #N (N is aninteger greater than or equal to 1) receives inputs of data 7700-01-Nfor data symbol group #N (for terminal #N, for example) and controlsignal 7700-00 (109). Based on information on an error correction codingmethod included in control signal 7700-00 (109) (such as, for example,information on an error correction code, the code length of an errorcorrection code, and the coding rate of an error correction code), errorcorrection encoder 7700-02-N performs error correction coding on data7700-01-N for data symbol group #N, and outputs data 7700-03-N for datasymbol group #N obtained as a result of error correction coding.

Interleaver 7700-04-1 for data symbol group 1 receives inputs of data7700-03-1 for data symbol group #1 obtained as a result of errorcorrection coding and control signal 7700-00 (109). Based on informationon an rearrangement method included in control signal 7700-00 (109),interleaver 7700-04-1 rearranges data 7700-03-1 for data symbol group #1obtained as a result of error correction coding, and outputs rearrangeddata 7700-05-1 for data symbol group #1.

Similarly, interleaver 7700-04-2 for data symbol group #2 receivesinputs of data 7700-03-2 for data symbol group #2 obtained as a resultof error correction coding and control signal 7700-00 (109). Based oninformation on the rearrangement method included in control signal7700-00 (109), interleaver 7700-04-2 rearranges data 7700-03-2 for datasymbol group #2 obtained as a result of error correction coding, andoutputs rearranged data 7700-05-2 for data symbol group #2.

Similar processing continues.

Interleaver 7700-04-N for data symbol group #N receives inputs of data7700-3-N for data symbol group #N obtained as a result of errorcorrection coding and control signal 7700-00 (109). Based on informationon a rearrangement method included in control signal 7700-00 (109),interleaver 7700-04-N rearranges data 7700-03-N for data symbol group #Nobtained as a result of error correction coding, and outputs rearrangeddata 7700-05-N for data symbol group #N.

Mapper 7700-06-1 for data symbol group #1 receives inputs of rearrangeddata 7700-05-1 for data symbol group #1 and control signal 7700-00(109). Based on information on a modulation method included in controlsignal 7700-00 (109), mapper 7700-06-1 maps rearranged data 7700-05-1for data symbol group #1, and outputs signal 7700-07-1 for data symbolgroup #1 obtained as a result of mapping the data.

Similarly, mapper 7700-06-2 for data symbol group #2 receives inputs ofrearranged data 7700-05-2 for data symbol group #2 and control signal7700-00 (109). Based on information on a modulation method included incontrol signal 7700-00 (109), mapper 7700-06-2 maps rearranged data7700-05-2 for data symbol group #2, and outputs signal 7700-07-2 fordata symbol group #2 obtained as a result of mapping the data.

Similar processing continues.

Mapper 7700-06-N for data symbol group #N receives inputs of rearrangeddata 7700-05-N for data symbol group #N and control signal 7700-00(109). Based on information on a modulation method included in controlsignal 7700-00 (109), mapper 7700-06-N maps rearranged data 7700-05-Nfor data symbol group #N, and outputs signal 7700-07-N for data symbolgroup #1 obtained as a result of mapping the data.

Frame configuring unit 110 receives inputs of signal 7700-07-1 for datasymbol group #1 obtained as a result of mapping the data, signal7700-07-2 for data symbol group #2 obtained as a result of mapping thedata, . . . , and signal 7700-07-N for data symbol group #N obtained asa result of mapping the data, (quadrature) baseband signal 106 for thesecond preamble, and control signal 7700-00 (109). Based on informationon a frame configuration included in control signal 7700-00 (109) (forexample, the frame configurations illustrated in, for instance, FIGS. 54and 74 (note that the frame configurations are not limited to those),frame configuring unit 110 outputs (quadrature) baseband signal 7701_1for stream 1 according to the frame configuration and/or (quadrature)baseband signal 7701_2 for stream 2 according to the frameconfiguration.

For example, when control signal 7700-00 (109) designates MIMOtransmission and MISO transmission, frame configuring unit 110 outputs(quadrature) baseband signal 7701_1 for stream 1 (according to a frameconfiguration), and (quadrature) baseband signal 7701_2 for stream 2(according to a frame configuration).

When control signal 7700-00 (109) designates SISO transmission, frameconfiguring unit 110 outputs, for example, (quadrature) baseband signal7701_1 for stream 1 (according to a frame configuration).

Note that the subsequent processing is as illustrated with reference toFIG. 1. In addition, the configurations illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 77are examples of a configuration of a device, and the present disclosureis not limited to the configurations.

A description of another example of a configuration of the base station(AP) is given.

Another configuration of the base station (AP) is a configurationillustrated in FIG. 71, in which data symbol group generator 7100-00 andframe configuring unit 7100-01 are replaced with those in FIG. 78.

The same reference numerals are assigned to elements in FIG. 78 whichoperate in the same manner as in FIGS. 58, 71, and 77, and descriptionof such elements is omitted.

Frame configuring unit 7100-01 receives inputs of signal 7700-07-1 fordata symbol group #1 obtained as a result of mapping data, signal7700-07-2 for data symbol group #2 obtained as a result of mapping data,. . . , signal 7700-07-N for data symbol group #N obtained as a resultof mapping data, baseband signal 5808 for a control symbol, basebandsignal 5810 for a pilot symbol, and control signal 7700-00 (5831). Basedon information on a frame configuration included in control signal7700-00 (5831) (for example, the frame configurations illustrated in,for instance, FIGS. 54 and 74 (note that the frame configurations arenot limited to those)), frame configuring unit 7100-01 outputs modulatedsignal 7100-02 (according to the frame configuration).

Note that the subsequent processes are as described with reference toFIG. 71. The configurations illustrated in FIGS. 71 and 78 show examplesof an apparatus, but the present disclosure is not limited to theconfigurations.

Examples of operation of interleaver 7700-04-1 for data symbol group #1,interleaver 7700-04-2 for data symbol group #2, . . . , and interleaver7700-04-N for data symbol group #N in FIGS. 77 and 78, for instance aredescribed with reference to FIG. 79.

The number of symbols (or the number of slots) in data symbol group #TFDX, data symbol group #FD Y, data symbol group #TD Z (for example, X, Y,and Z are integers greater than or equal to 1) is U. U is an integergreater than or equal to 1. The number of bits for transmitting eachsymbol (or each slot) is C (C is an integer greater than or equal to 1).

“V (which is an integer greater than or equal to 1) which denotes thenumber of symbols (or the number of slots) in which data which is anintegral multiple of a FEC block (having a block length of an errorcorrection code (a code length of an error correction code)) is fitted”is secured. Note that U−α+1 V U is to be satisfied (a denotes the numberof symbols (or the number of slots) necessary to transmit a block havingthe block length of an error correction code (code length) (unit: bit),and is an integer greater than or equal to 1).

When U−V≠0, dummy symbols (or dummy slots) of U−V symbols (or U−V slots)are added. Thus, data symbol group #TFD X, data symbol group #FD Y, ordata symbol group #TD Z includes data symbols of V symbols (or V slots)and dummy symbols of U−V symbols (or U−V slots) (each dummy symbol has acertain value for in-phase component I, and also a certain value forquadrature component Q).

Data symbol group #TFD X, data symbol group #FD Y, and data symbol group#TD Z satisfy “including data symbols of V symbols (or V slots) anddummy symbols of U−V symbols (or U−V slots).

Thus, when U−V≠0, the number of bits of “data for data symbols (which isan integral multiple of a FEC block (having a block length of an errorcorrection code) or (having a code length of an error correction code)is C×V=A×C×a bits (A is an integer greater than or equal to 1), and thenumber of bits of data for dummy symbols is C×(U−V).

FIG. 79 illustrates when U−V≠0, examples of operation of interleaver7700-04-1 for data symbol group #1, interleaver 7700-04-2 for datasymbol group #2, . . . , and interleaver 7700-04-N for data symbol group#N in, for example, FIGS. 77 and 78 with respect to “data for datasymbols” having C×V=A×C×a bits (A is an integer greater than or equalto 1) and “data for dummy symbols” having C×(U−V) bits.

Part (a) of FIG. 79 illustrates an example of a configuration of databefore being rearranged. For example, data is arranged in the order ofdata for data symbols and data for dummy symbols (note that thearrangement of data before being rearranged is not limited to (a) inFIG. 79).

Part (b) of FIG. 79 illustrates data obtained by rearranging thesequence of data illustrated in (a) of FIG. 79 (data obtained byrearranging data of C×U bits illustrated in (b) of FIG. 79). A method ofrearranging data may be performed according to any rule.

Mapper 7700-06-1 for data symbol group #1, mapper 7700-06-2 for datasymbol group #2, . . . , and mapper 7700-06-N for data symbol group #Nillustrated in, for instance, FIGS. 77 and 78 map rearranged dataillustrated in (b) of FIG. 79.

Note that a method of rearranging data used by interleaver 7700-04-1 fordata symbol group #1, a method of rearranging data used by interleaver7700-04-2 for data symbol group #2, . . . , and a method of rearrangingdata used by interleaver 7700-04-N for data symbol group #N may be thesame as or different from one another.

As described above, when “data for data symbols” and “data for dummysymbols” are rearranged, arrangement of data symbols and dummy symbolsof a data symbol group is not limited to the arrangement as illustratedin FIG. 64. For example, dummy symbols may be arranged at any positionwithin a data symbol group along time and frequency axes. In addition,there may be a case where symbols or slots include “data” and “dummydata”.

Interleaver 7700-05-1 for data symbol group #1, interleaver 7700-05-2for data symbol group #2, . . . , and interleaver 7700-05-N for datasymbol group #N may switch between rearrangement methods for each frame.One or more (interleavers) of interleaver 7700-05-1 for data symbolgroup #1, interleaver 7700-05-2 for data symbol group #2, . . . , andinterleaver 7700-05-N for data symbol group #N may not rearrange data(for example, a configuration may be adopted in which data symbol group#FD1 (#TFD1) (7400-01) and data symbol group #FD5 (#TFD5) (7400-05)arranged at particular carriers in FIG. 74 are not rearranged. Thisyields an advantageous effect that a receiving apparatus can obtain dataof a data symbol group at a particular carrier with less delay).

FIG. 80 illustrates an example of a configuration of interleaver7700-05-1 for data symbol group #1, interleaver 7700-05-2 for datasymbol group #2, . . . , and interleaver 7700-05-N for data symbol group#N. Note that the same reference numerals are assigned to elements whichoperate in the same manner as those in FIGS. 77 and 78.

Dummy data generator 8000-01 receives an input of control signal7700-00. Dummy data generator 8000-01 generates dummy data, based oninformation on dummy data included in control signal 7700-00 (forexample, the number of bits used to create dummy data), and outputsdummy data 8000-02.

Interleaver 8000-04 receives inputs of data 8000-03 obtained as a resultof error correction coding (corresponding to data 7700-03-1 for datasymbol group #1 obtained as a result of error correction coding, data7700-03-2 for data symbol group #2 obtained as a result of errorcorrection coding, . . . , and data 7700-03-N for data symbol group #Nobtained as a result of error correction coding in FIGS. 77 and 78, forinstance), dummy data 8000-02, and control signal 7700-00. Based oninformation on an interleaving method included in control signal7700-00, interleaver 8000-04 rearranges data 8000-03 obtained as aresult of error correction coding and dummy data 8000-02, and outputsrearranged data 8000-05 (corresponding to rearranged data 7700-05-1 fordata symbol group #1, rearranged data 7700-05-2 for data symbol group#2, . . . , and rearranged data 7700-05-N for data symbol group #N inFIGS. 77 and 78, for instance).

Note that, for example, a method of configuring data (or dummy data) ofa dummy symbol using data known to a transmitting apparatus and areceiving apparatus is conceivable.

For example, the first preamble and/or the second preamble in a frame asillustrated in FIGS. 54 and 74 (note that the frame configurations arenot limited to those) may include information such as “informationrelevant to a carrier and time which each data symbol group uses”,“information relevant to the number of bits (or the number of symbols)of dummy data (or dummy symbols) to be inserted in each data symbolgroup”, “information on a method of transmitting each data symbolgroup”, “information relevant to a method of modulating (or a set ofmethods of modulating) each data symbol group”, “information relevant toan interleaving method used by each data symbol group”, and “informationrelevant to an error correction code used by each data symbol group”.Accordingly, the receiving apparatus can demodulate data symbols of eachdata symbol group.

As described above, data for data symbols is arranged discretely insymbols present along the time and frequency axes by rearranging datafor data symbols and dummy data, whereby time/frequency diversity gainscan be obtained, so that an advantageous effect of improving quality ofdata received by the receiving apparatus can be obtained.

Another example of a configuration of a base station (AP) to which adummy symbol insertion method is applied.

The configuration of a base station (AP) is a configuration in FIG. 1 inwhich data generator 102 and frame configuring unit 110 are replacedwith those in FIG. 81. The following describes FIG. 81.

The same reference numerals are assigned to elements in FIG. 81 whichoperates in the same manner as those in FIGS. 1 and 77, and descriptionof such elements is omitted.

Carrier interleaver 8100-01-1 for data symbol group #1 receives inputsof signal 7700-07-1 for data symbol group #1 obtained as a result ofmapping data, and control signal 7700-00. Carrier interleaver 8100-01-1interleaves a carrier for signal 7700-07-1 for data symbol group #1obtained as a result of mapping data, based on information on a carrierinterleaving method included in control signal 7700-00, and outputssignal 8100-02-1 for data symbol group #1 for which the carrier has beeninterleaved. Note that interleaving of carriers is described later.

Similarly, carrier interleaver 8100-01-2 for data symbol group #2receives inputs of signal 7700-07-2 for data symbol group #2 obtained asa result of mapping data, and control signal 7700-00. Carrierinterleaver 8100-01-2 interleaves a carrier for signal 7700-07-2 fordata symbol group #2 obtained as a result of mapping data, based oninformation on a carrier interleaving method included in control signal7700-00, and outputs signal 8100-02-2 for data symbol group #2 for whichthe carrier has been interleaved. Note that interleaving of carriers isdescribed later.

Similar processing continues.

Carrier interleaver 8100-01-N for data symbol group #N receives inputsof signal 7700-07-N for data symbol group #N obtained as a result ofmapping data, and control signal 7700-00. Carrier interleaver 8100-01-Ninterleaves a carrier for signal 7700-07-N for data symbol group #Nobtained as a result of mapping data, based on information on a carrierinterleaving method included in control signal 7700-00, and outputssignal 8100-02-N for data symbol group #N for which the carrier has beeninterleaved. Note that interleaving of carriers is described later.

Note that processing on portions other than this is as described withreference to FIGS. 1 and 77, and thus description thereof is omitted. Inaddition, the configurations illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 81 are examplesof a configuration of an apparatus, and thus the present disclosure isnot limited to the configurations.

An example of another configuration of the base station (AP) isdescribed.

Another configuration of a base station (AP) is a configuration in FIG.71 in which data symbol group generator 7100-00 and frame configuringunit 7100-01 are replaced with those in FIG. 82.

The same reference numerals are assigned to elements in FIG. 82 whichoperate in the same manner as those in FIGS. 58, 71, 77, and 81, anddescription of such elements is omitted (thus, description of FIG. 82 isomitted).

Note that FIGS. 71 and 82 illustrate examples of a configuration of anapparatus, and the present disclosure is not limited to suchconfigurations.

The following describes, with reference to FIG. 83, an example ofoperation of interleaving of carriers by carrier interleaver 8100-01-1for data symbol group #1, carrier interleaver 8100-01-2 for data symbolgroup #2, . . . , and carrier interleaver 8100-01-N for data symbolgroup #N in FIGS. 81 and 82.

Part (a) in FIG. 83 illustrates an example of a symbol configuration ofa data symbol group before interleaving of carriers, where thehorizontal axis indicates time, and the vertical axis indicatesfrequency (carrier). As illustrated in (a) of FIG. 83, symbols atcarrier $1 are named a first symbol column, symbols at carrier $2 arenamed a second symbol column, symbols at carrier $3 are named a thirdsymbol column, symbols at carrier $4 are named a fourth symbol column,symbols at carrier $5 are named a fifth symbol column, symbols atcarrier $6 are named a sixth symbol column, and symbols at carrier $7are named a seventh symbol column. Thus, a data symbol group includesthe first symbol column to the seventh symbol column.

Part (b) of FIG. 83 illustrates an example of a symbol configuration ofa data symbol group after interleaving of carriers.

As illustrated in (a) and (b) of FIG. 83, the first symbol columnarranged at carrier $1 before interleaving of carriers is arranged atcarrier $4 after interleaving of carriers.

The second symbol column arranged at carrier $2 before interleaving ofcarriers is arranged at carrier $6 after interleaving of carriers.

The third symbol column arranged at carrier $3 before interleaving ofcarriers is arranged at carrier $5 after interleaving of carriers.

The fourth symbol column arranged at carrier $4 before interleaving ofcarriers is arranged at carrier $2 after interleaving of carriers.

The fifth symbol column arranged at carrier $5 before interleaving ofcarriers is arranged at carrier $7 after interleaving of carriers.

The sixth symbol column arranged at carrier $6 before interleaving ofcarriers is arranged at carrier $1 after interleaving of carriers.

The seventh symbol column arranged at carrier $7 before interleaving ofcarriers is arranged at carrier $3 after interleaving of carriers.

As shown by the above example, carrier interleaver 8100-01-1 for datasymbol group #1, carrier interleaver 8100-01-2 for data symbol group #2,. . . , and carrier interleaver 8100-01-N for data symbol group #Nchange the carrier positions of symbol columns. Note that interleavingof carriers in FIG. 83 is a mere example, and a carrier interleavingmethod is not limited to this.

As described above, data symbols are arranged so as to increase temporaland frequency diversity gains by interleaving of carriers, and thus anadvantageous effect of improving quality of data received by thereceiving apparatus can be obtained.

As a configuration of a base station (AP) which operates in the samemanner as the base station (AP) having a configuration in FIG. 1 inwhich data generator 102 and frame configuring unit 110 are replacedwith the elements in FIG. 81, a configuration in FIG. 1 in which datagenerator 102 and frame configuring unit 110 are replaced with theelements in FIG. 84 may be adopted.

The same reference numerals are assigned to elements in FIG. 84 whichoperate in the same manner as those in FIGS. 1 and 77, and descriptionof such elements is omitted.

Carrier interleaver 8400-01-1 receives inputs of (quadrature) basebandsignal 7701_1 for stream 1, and control signal 7700-00. Carrierinterleaver 8400-01-1 interleaves carriers (see FIG. 83) based oninformation on interleaving of carriers included in control signal7700-00, and outputs baseband signal 8400-02-1 obtained as a result ofinterleaving of carriers.

Similarly, carrier interleaver 8400-01-2 receives inputs of (quadrature)baseband signal 7701_2 for stream 2 and control signal 7700-00. Carrierinterleaver 8400-01-2 interleaves carriers (see FIG. 83) based oninformation on interleaving of carriers included in control signal7700-00, and outputs baseband signal 8400-02-2 obtained as a result ofinterleaving of carriers.

Accordingly, signal processor 112 in FIG. 1 receives an input ofbaseband signal 8400-02-1 obtained as a result of interleaving ofcarriers, instead of (quadrature) baseband signal 111_1 for stream 1,and receives an input of baseband signal 8400-02-2 obtained as a resultof interleaving of carriers, instead of (quadrature) baseband signal111_2 for stream 2.

In FIG. 71, as a configuration of a base station (AP) which operates inthe same manner as the base station (AP) having a configuration in FIG.71 in which data symbol group generator 7100-00 and frame configuringunit 7100-01 are replaced with the elements in FIG. 82, a configurationin FIG. 71 in which data symbol group generator 7100-00 and frameconfiguring unit 7100-01 are replaced with the elements in FIG. 85 maybe adopted.

The same reference numerals are assigned to elements in FIG. 85 whichoperate in the same manner as those in FIGS. 58, 71, and 77, anddescription of such elements is omitted.

Carrier interleaver 8500-01 receives inputs of modulated signal 7100-02and control signal 7700-00, interleaves carriers (see FIG. 83) based oninformation on interleaving of carriers included in control signal7700-00, and outputs baseband signal 8500-02 obtained as a result ofinterleaving of carriers.

Accordingly, radio unit 5816 in FIG. 71 receives an input of basebandsignal 8500-02 obtained as a result of interleaving of carriers, insteadof modulated signal 7100-02.

The above completes description of a method of inserting some dummysymbols or dummy data to a data symbol group. Dummy symbols or dummydata are inserted in such a manner, whereby a receiving apparatusreadily sorts out data symbols, and demodulates/decodes the datasymbols, and furthermore, an advantageous effect of preventing a fall inthe data transmission rate due to dummy symbols or dummy data can beobtained (an advantage that one or more data symbol groups can beefficiently transmitted (a transmission speed can be set for each datasymbol group) can be obtained).

(Supplementary Note 1)

The second exemplary embodiment has described separately setting acarrier (subcarrier) interval when data symbol groups are subjected tofrequency division multiplexing, and a carrier (subcarrier) intervalwhen data symbol groups are subjected to time division multiplexing (ornot subjected to frequency division multiplexing). Of course, this isapplicable to Exemplary embodiments B and C.

For example, in FIG. 74, a carrier (subcarrier) interval for a timeperiod in which data symbol group #FD1 (#TFD1) (7400-01), data symbolgroup #FD2 (#TFD2) (7400-2), data symbol group #FD3 (#TFD3) (7400-03),and data symbol group #FD4 (#TFD4) (7400-04) are transmitted and acarrier (subcarrier) interval for a time period in which data symbolgroup #TD10 (#TFD10) (7400-10) is transmitted may be the same or may bedifferent. Note that FIG. 74 illustrates an example of a frameconfiguration when carrier (subcarrier) intervals are “the same”.

Note that FIG. 86 illustrates an example of a frame configuration whencarrier (subcarrier) intervals are “different”. Note that a channelinterval for a time period in which data symbol group #FD1 (#TFD1)(7400-01), data symbol group #FD2 (#TFD2) (7400-2), data symbol group#FD3 (#TFD3) (7400-03), and data symbol group #FD4 (#TFD4) (7400-04) aretransmitted and a channel interval for a time period in which datasymbol group #TD10 (#TFD10) (7400-10) is transmitted is the same. (Notethat an occupied frequency band for a time period in which data symbolgroup #FD1 (#TFD1) (7400-01), data symbol group #FD2 (#TFD2) (7400-2),data symbol group #FD3 (#TFD3) (7400-03), and data symbol group #FD4(#TFD4) (7400-04) are transmitted and an occupied frequency band for atime period in which data symbol group #TD10 (#TFD10) (7400-10) istransmitted may be the same or may be different.) In FIG. 86, the numberof carriers (subcarriers) present in a time period in which data symbolgroup #FD1 (#TFD1) (7400-01), data symbol group #FD2 (#TFD2) (7400-2),data symbol group #FD3 (#TFD3) (7400-03), and data symbol group #FD4(#TFD4) (7400-04) are transmitted is 64, whereas the number of carriers(subcarriers) present in a time period in which data symbol group #TD10(#TFD10) (7400-10) is transmitted is 256.

Similarly, in FIG. 74, a carrier (subcarrier) interval for a time periodin which data symbol group #FD1 (#TFD1) (7400-01), data symbol group#FD2 (#TFD2) (7400-2), data symbol group #FD3 (#TFD3) (7400-03), anddata symbol group #FD4 (#TFD4) (7400-04) are transmitted, and a carrier(subcarrier) interval for a time period in which the first preamble (orthe second preamble) is transmitted may be the same or may be different.Note that FIG. 74 illustrates an example of a frame configuration whencarrier (subcarrier) intervals are “the same”.

Note that FIG. 86 illustrates an example of a frame configuration whencarrier (subcarrier) intervals are “different”. However, a channelinterval for a time period in which data symbol group #FD1 (#TFD1)(7400-01), data symbol group #FD2 (#TFD2) (7400-02), data symbol group#FD3 (#TFD3) (7400-03), and data symbol group #FD4 (#TFD4) (7400-04) aretransmitted, and a channel interval for a time period in which the firstpreamble (or the second preamble) is transmitted are the same. (Notethat an occupied frequency band for a time period in which data symbolgroup #FD1 (#TFD1) (7400-01), data symbol group #FD2 (#TFD2) (7400-02),data symbol group #FD3 (#TFD3) (7400-03), and data symbol group #FD4(#TFD4) (7400-04) are transmitted, and an occupied frequency band for atime period in which the first preamble (or the second preamble) istransmitted may be the same or may be different.) In FIG. 86, the numberof carriers (subcarriers) present in a time period in which data symbolgroup #FD1 (#TFD1) (7400-01), data symbol group #FD2 (#TFD2) (7400-02),data symbol group #FD3 (#TFD3) (7400-03), and data symbol group #FD4(#TFD4) (7400-04) are transmitted is 64, whereas the number of carriers(subcarriers) present in a time period in which the first preamble (orthe second preamble) is transmitted is 256.

In FIG. 74, a carrier (subcarrier) interval for a time period in whichthe first preamble is transmitted, and a carrier (subcarrier) intervalfor a time period in which the second preamble is transmitted may bedifferent.

Note that FIG. 87 illustrates an example when carrier (subcarrier)intervals are “different”. Note that a channel interval for a timeperiod in which the first preamble is transmitted and a channel intervalfor a time period in which the second preamble is transmitted are thesame. (However, an occupied frequency band for a time period in whichthe first preamble is transmitted, and an occupied frequency band for atime period in which the second preamble is transmitted may be the sameor may be different.) In FIG. 87, the number of carriers (subcarriers)present in a time period in which the first preamble is transmitted is64, whereas the number of carriers (subcarriers) present in a timeperiod in which the second preamble is transmitted is 256.

In FIG. 74, a carrier (subcarrier) interval for a time period in whichthe first preamble is transmitted and a carrier (subcarrier) intervalfor a time period in which data symbol group #TFD10 (#TFD10) (7400-10)is transmitted may be different.

Note that FIG. 88 illustrates an example when carrier (subcarrier)intervals are “different”. Note that a channel interval for a timeperiod in which the first preamble is transmitted and a channel intervalfor a time period in which data symbol group #TFD10 (#TFD10) (7400-10)is transmitted are the same. (Note that an occupied frequency band for atime period in which the first preamble is transmitted, and an occupiedfrequency band for a time period in which data symbol group #TFD10(#TFD10) (7400-10) is transmitted may be the same or may be different.)In FIG. 88, the number of carriers (subcarriers) present in a timeperiod in which the first preamble is transmitted is 64, whereas thenumber of carriers (subcarriers) present in a time period in which datasymbol group #TFD10 (#TFD10) (7400-10) is transmitted is 256.

Note that the above description of the supplementary note has been givenusing the frame configuration illustrated in FIG. 74 as an example, yetan applicable frame configuration is not limited to this. An exemplaryembodiment to be combined with the second exemplary embodiment is notlimited to Exemplary Embodiment B and Exemplary Embodiment C. When thesecond exemplary embodiment is combined with Exemplary Embodiment B orwith Exemplary Embodiment C, the above description of the supplementarynote is applied to the combination, and furthermore, terminals areallocated to data symbols, and dummy symbols (or dummy data) are addedto the data symbols.

In this specification, conceivable examples of data included in a datasymbol group include a data packet, a packet of information on an image,a packet of audio information, a packet of information on a video or astill image, a data stream, an image stream, an audio stream, and astream of a video or a still image. The type or a configuration of dataincluded in a data symbol group is not limited to these.

For example, the case where a base station (or an access point (AP), forinstance) transmits a modulated signal indicated by frame configurationsbased on the time and frequency axes described in this specification(such as those illustrated in, for example, FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 24, 25,26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 48, 29, 50, 51, 52,53, 54, 63, 65, and 74 (the frame configuration is not limited tothose)) has been described, nevertheless an exemplary embodiment inwhich different terminals transmit data symbol groups in a frameconfiguration based on the time and frequency axes described in thisspecification is possible. The following describes this point.

For example, the following configuration may be adopted.

For example, the case where a base station (or an access point (AP), forinstance) transmits a modulated signal indicated by frame configurationsbased on the time and frequency axes described in this specification(such as those illustrated in, for example, FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 24, 25,26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 48, 29, 50, 51, 52,53, 54, 63, 65, and 74 (the frame configuration is not limited tothose)) has been described, nevertheless an exemplary embodiment inwhich different terminals transmit data symbol groups in a frameconfiguration based on the time and frequency axes described in thisspecification is possible. The following describes this point.

A modulated signal transmitting method used by a plurality of terminalsbased on the frame configuration in FIG. 89 is to be described.

In FIG. 89, data symbol group #FD1 (#TFD1) (7400-01) is transmitted byterminal #1.

Data symbol group #FD2 (#TFD2) (7400-02) is transmitted by terminal #2.Data symbol group #FD3 (#TFD3) (7400-03) is transmitted by terminal #3.Data symbol group #FD4 (#TFD4) (7400-04) is transmitted by terminal #4.Data symbol group #FD5 (#TFD5) (7400-05) is transmitted by terminal #5.Data symbol group #FD6 (#TFD6) (7400-06) is transmitted by terminal #6.Data symbol group #FD7 (#TFD7) (7400-07) is transmitted by terminal #7.Data symbol group #FD8 (#TFD8) (7400-08) is transmitted by terminal #8.Data symbol group #FD9 (#TFD9) (7400-09) is transmitted by terminal #9.Data symbol group #TD10 (#TFD10) (7400-10) is transmitted by terminal#10. Data symbol group #TD11 (#TFD11) (7400-11) is transmitted byterminal #11.

FIG. 90 illustrates a state of communication between a base station (AP)and terminal #1, terminal #2, terminal #3, terminal #4, terminal #5,terminal #6, terminal #7, terminal #8, terminal #9, terminal #10, andterminal #11. Part (a) of FIG. 90 illustrates a state in which the basestation (AP) transmits a modulated signal, (b) of FIG. 90 illustrates astate in which terminal #1, terminal #2, terminal #3, and terminal #4transmit a modulated signal, (c) of FIG. 90 illustrates a state in whichterminal #5, terminal #6, terminal #7, terminal #8, and terminal #9transmit a modulated signal, (d) of FIG. 90 illustrates a state in whichterminal #10 transmits a modulated signal, and (e) of FIG. 90illustrates a state in which terminal #11 transmits a modulated signal.

As illustrated in FIG. 90, the base station (AP) performs “symboltransmission” (9000-01). For example, control information and datasymbols are transmitted by “symbol transmission” (9000-01). At thistime, the control information includes information on a terminal whichis to transmit a modulated signal in a period from time t1 to time t2 inFIG. 122 (and information on frequency (carrier) allocation to theterminal).

As illustrated in FIG. 90, terminal #1, terminal #2, terminal #3, andterminal #4 receive “symbol” (9000-01) transmitted by the base station(AP), and perform “symbol transmission” (9000-02).

At this time, terminal #1 transmits data symbol group #FD1 (#TFD1)(7400-01) as illustrated in FIG. 89, terminal #2 transmits data symbolgroup #FD2 (#TFD2) (7400-02) as illustrated in FIG. 89, terminal #3transmits data symbol group #FD3 (#TFD3) (7400-03) as illustrated inFIG. 89, and terminal #4 transmits data symbol group #FD4 (#TFD4)(7400-04) as illustrated in FIG. 89.

Next, as illustrated in FIG. 90, the base station (AP) performs “symboltransmission” (9000-03). For example, control information and datasymbols are transmitted by “symbol transmission” (9000-03). At thistime, the control information includes information on a terminal whichis to transmit a modulated signal in a period from time t3 to time t4 inFIG. 89 (and information on frequency (carrier) allocation to theterminal).

As illustrated in FIG. 90, terminal #5, terminal #6, terminal #7,terminal #8, and terminal #9 receive “symbol” (9000-03) transmitted bythe base station (AP), and perform “symbol transmission” (9000-04).

At this time, terminal #5 transmits data symbol group #FD5 (#TFD5)(7400-05) as illustrated in FIG. 89, terminal #6 transmits data symbolgroup #FD6 (#TFD6) (7400-06) as illustrated in FIG. 89, terminal #7transmits data symbol group #FD7 (#TFD7) (7400-07) as illustrated inFIG. 89, terminal #8 transmits data symbol group #FD8 (#TFD8) (7400-08)as illustrated in FIG. 89, and terminal #9 transmits data symbol group#FD9 (#TFD9) (7400-09) as illustrated in FIG. 89.

As illustrated in FIG. 90, the base station (AP) performs “symboltransmission” (9000-05). For example, control information and datasymbols are transmitted by “symbol transmission” (9000-05). At thistime, the control information includes information on a terminal whichis to transmit a modulated signal in a period from time t5 to time t6 inFIG. 89 (and information on time allocation to the terminal).

As illustrated in FIG. 90, terminal #10 and terminal #11 receive“symbol” (9000-05) transmitted by the base station (AP), and terminal#10 and terminal #11 perform “symbol transmission” (9000-06) and “symboltransmission” (9000-07), respectively.

At this time, terminal #10 transmits data symbol group #TD10 (#TFD10)(7400-10) as illustrated in FIG. 89, and terminal #11 transmits datasymbol group #TD11 (#TFD11) (7400-11) as illustrated in FIG. 89.

FIG. 91 illustrates an example of a configuration of data symbol group#FD1 (#TFD1) (7400-01), data symbol group #FD2, (#TFD2) (7400-02), datasymbol group #FD3 (#TFD3) (7400-03), data symbol group #FD4 (#TFD4)(7400-04), data symbol group #FD5 (#TFD5) (7400-05), data symbol group#FD6 (#TFD6) (7400-06), data symbol group #FD7 (#TFD7) (7400-07), datasymbol group #FD8 (#TFD8) (7400-08), data symbol group #FD9 (#TFD9)(7400-09), data symbol group #TD10 (#TFD10) (7400-10), and data symbolgroup #TD11 (#TFD11) (7400-11) when terminal #1, terminal #2, terminal#3, terminal #4, terminal #5, terminal #6, terminal #7, terminal #8,terminal #9, terminal #10, and terminal #11 transmit data symbol group#FD1 (#TFD1) (7400-01), data symbol group #FD2 (#TFD2) (7400-02), datasymbol group #FD3 (#TFD3) (7400-03), data symbol group #FD4 (#TFD4)(7400-04), data symbol group #FD5 (#TFD5) (7400-05), data symbol group#FD6 (#TFD6) (7400-06), data symbol group #FD7 (#TFD7) (7400-07), datasymbol group #FD8 (#TFD8) (7400-08), data symbol group #FD9 (#TFD9)(7400-09), data symbol group #TD10 (#TFD10) (7400-10), and data symbolgroup #TD11 (#TFD11) (7400-11), respectively. Note that in FIG. 91, thehorizontal axis indicates time and the vertical axis indicates frequency(carrier).

As illustrated in FIG. 91, each data symbol group includes thirdpreamble 9100-01, fourth preamble 9100-02, and data symbols 9100-03, forexample.

For example, third preamble 9100-01 includes a PSK symbol (known to atransmitting apparatus and a receiving apparatus) for signal detectionand time/frequency synchronization, and fourth preamble 9100-02 includesan automatic gain control (AGC) symbol for the receiving apparatus toperform AGC, a pilot symbol (reference symbol) for the receivingapparatus to perform channel estimation, terminal information for thebase station (AP) to identify a terminal, and a control informationsymbol for transmitting information on a method of modulating datasymbols 9100-03 and an error correction code for data symbols 124-03,for instance.

Data symbols 9100-03 include data to be transmitted by a terminal to thebase station (AP).

Note that the arrangement of third preamble 9100-01, fourth preamble9100-02, and the data symbols along the time and frequency axes is notlimited to the arrangement in FIG. 91, and for example, the thirdpreamble and the fourth preamble may be arranged at particular carriers.

The frame configurations described in this specification based on thetime and frequency axes (such as those illustrated in, for example,FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36,37, 38, 48, 29, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 63, 65, and 74 (the frameconfigurations are not limited to those)) may each be a frameconfiguration in which a transmitting method is the SISO (or SIMO)method, a frame configuration in which a transmitting method is the MISOmethod, or a frame configuration in which a transmitting method is theMIMO method. Note that this applies to all the frames of all theexemplary embodiments.

Furthermore, in this specification, a description has been given usingthe OFDM method as an example, yet a portion of the specification inwhich the OFDM method is performed can be achieved in the same mannereven if a transmitting method in which multi-carrier is used is adopted.

The Specification has described the OFDM method as an example, yet thepresent disclosure is also applicable to the case in which a multicarrier method in which a plurality of carriers are used, whichcorresponds to modulated signals generated according to the singlecarrier method.

An example in which five carriers are used for modulated signalsgenerated according to the single carrier method (the five carriers arenamed “carrier 1”, “carrier 2”, “carrier 3”, “carrier 4”, and “carrier5”) is described with reference to FIG. 74.

The base station (AP) in FIG. 74 transmits data symbol group #FD1(#TFD1) (7400-01) using carrier 1, transmits data symbol group #FD2(#TFD2) (7400-02) using carrier 2, transmits data symbol group #FD3(#TFD3) (7400-03) using carrier 3, and transmits data symbol group #FD4(#TFD4) (7400-04) using carrier 4.

Further, the base station (AP) transmits data symbol group #FD5 (#TFD5)(7400-05) using carrier 1, transmits data symbol group #FD6 (TFD6)(7400-06) using carrier 2, transmits data symbol group #FD7 (#TFD7)(7400-07) using carrier 3, transmits data symbol group #FD8 (#TFD8)(7400-08) using carrier 4, and transmits data symbol group #FD9 (#TFD9)(7400-09) using carrier 5.

The base station (AP) transmits data symbol group #TD10 (#TFD10)(7400-10) using carrier 1, carrier 2, carrier 3, carrier 4, and carrier5, and transmits data symbol group #TD11 (#TFD11) (7400-11) usingcarrier 1, carrier 2, carrier 3, carrier 4, and carrier 5.

At this time, for example, the base station (AP) transmits firstpreamble 201 and second preamble 202 using carrier 1, carrier 2, carrier3, and carrier 4 (carriers used in order to transmit the data symbolgroups which are transmitted in a period from time t1 to time t2). Thebase station (AP) transmits first preamble 7400-51 and second preamble7400-52 using carrier 1, carrier 2, carrier 3, carrier 4, and carrier 5(carriers used in order to transmit the data symbol groups which aretransmitted in a period from time t3 to time t4). The base station (AP)transmits first preamble 7400-53 and second preamble 7400-54 usingcarrier 1, carrier 2, carrier 3, carrier 4, carrier 5 (carriers used inorder to transmit the data symbol groups which are transmitted in aperiod from time t5 to time t6).

As described above, the base station (AP) may transmit data symbolgroups subjected to frequency division and data symbol groups subjectedto time division described in this Specification, using a plurality ofcarriers according to the single carrier method.

Note that the above has described “carrier 1, carrier 2, carrier 3,carrier 4, and carrier 5 are used for data symbol group #TD10 (7400-10)(#TFD10)” and “carrier 1, carrier 2, carrier 3, carrier 4, and carrier 5are used for data symbol group #TD11 (7400-11) (#TFD11)”. Yet thepresent disclosure is not limited to this, and “carrier 1”, “carrier 1and carrier 2”, “carrier 1, carrier 2, and carrier 3”, “carrier 1,carrier 2, carrier 3, and carrier 4”, or “carrier 1, carrier 2, carrier3, carrier 4, and carrier 5” may be used for data symbol group #TD10(7400-10) (#TFD10). Similarly, “carrier 1”, “carrier 1 and carrier 2”,“carrier 1, carrier 2, and carrier 3”, “carrier 1, carrier 2, carrier 3and carrier 4”, or “carrier 1, carrier 2, carrier 3, carrier 4 andcarrier 5” may be used for data symbol group #TD11 (7400-11) (#TFD11).

Further, “carrier 1”, “carrier 1 and carrier 2”, “carrier 1, carrier 2,and carrier 3”, “carrier 1, carrier 2, carrier 3 and carrier 4”, or“carrier 1, carrier 2, carrier 3, carrier 4 and carrier 5” may be usedfor first preambles 201, 7400-51, and 7400-53, and second preambles 202,7400-52, and 7400-54.

The carriers used for the data symbol groups are not limited to theabove examples.

Note that the above has given a description with reference to FIG. 74,but is also applicable to any of the frame configurations described inthe Specification.

When the frame configuration described in the specification is achievedby the multi carrier method in which a plurality of carriers are used,which corresponds to modulated signals generated according to the singlecarrier method, frame configuring unit 7100-01 and radio unit 5861, forexample, which are included in the configuration of the base station(AP) in FIG. 71 generate modulated signals according to the multicarrier method in which a plurality of carriers which correspond tomodulated signals generated according to the single carrier method areused, the modulated signals having the frame configurations described inthe Specification.

(Supplementary Note 2)

The broadcast (or communication) system according to the presentdisclosure is described according to the above-described exemplaryembodiments. However, the present disclosure is not limited to theabove-described exemplary embodiments.

As a matter of course, the present disclosure may be carried out bycombining a plurality of the exemplary embodiments and other contentsdescribed herein.

Moreover, each exemplary embodiment and the other contents are onlyexamples. For example, while a “modulating method, an error correctioncoding method (an error correction code, a code length, a coding rateand the like to be used), control information and the like” areexemplified, it is possible to carry out the present disclosure with thesame configuration even when other types of a “modulating method, anerror correction coding method (an error correction code, a code length,a coding rate and the like to be used), control information and thelike” are applied.

As for a modulating method, even when a modulating method other than themodulating methods described herein is used, it is possible to carry outthe exemplary embodiments and the other contents described herein. Forexample, APSK (Amplitude Phase Shift Keying) (such as 16APSK, 64APSK,128APSK, 256APSK, 1024APSK and 4096APSK), PAM (Pulse AmplitudeModulation) (such as 4PAM, 8PAM, 16PAM, 64PAM, 128PAM, 256PAM, 1024PAMand 4096PAM), PSK (Phase Shift Keying) (such as BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, 16PSK,64PSK, 128PSK, 256PSK, 1024PSK and 4096PSK), and QAM (QuadratureAmplitude Modulation) (such as 4QAM, 8QAM, 16QAM, 64QAM, 128QAM, 256QAM,1024QAM and 4096QAM) may be applied, or in each modulating method,uniform mapping or non-uniform mapping may be performed (any mapping maybe performed).

Moreover, a method for arranging 16 signal points, 64 signal points orthe like on an I-Q plane (a modulating method having 16 signal points,64 signal points or the like) is not limited to a signal point arrangingmethod of the modulating methods described herein. Hence, a function ofoutputting an in-phase component and a quadrature component based on aplurality of bits is a function in a mapper.

Moreover, herein, when there is a complex plane, a phase unit such as anargument is a “radian.”

When the complex plane is used, display in a polar form can be made asdisplay by polar coordinates of a complex number. When point (a, b) onthe complex plane is associated with complex number z=a+jb (a and b areboth actual numbers, and j is a unit of an imaginary number), and whenthis point is expressed by [r, θ] in polar coordinates, a=r×cos θ andb=r×sin θ[Equation 61]r=√{square root over (a ² +b ²)}  (61)

hold, r is an absolute value of z (r=|z|), and θ is an argument. Then,z=a+jb is expressed by r×e^(jθ).

The present disclosure described herein is applicable to a multi-carriertransmitting method such as the OFDM method, and is also applicable to asingle carrier transmitting method. (For example, in a case of amulti-carrier method, symbols are arranged in a frequency axis, but in acase of a single carrier, symbols are arranged only in a timedirection.) Moreover, a spread spectrum communication method is alsoapplicable to baseband signals by using spreading codes.

Different modulating methods may be used for pieces of data s0, s1, s2and s3 in the above-described exemplary embodiments, respectively.

Herein, a receiving apparatus of a terminal and an antenna may beconfigured separately. For example, the receiving apparatus includes aninterface which receives through a cable an input of a signal receivedat the antenna or a signal obtained by performing frequency conversionon a signal received at the antenna, and the receiving apparatusperforms subsequent processing. Moreover, data/information obtained bythe receiving apparatus is subsequently converted into a video or asound, and a display (monitor) displays the video or a speaker outputsthe sound. Further, the data/information obtained by the receivingapparatus may be subjected to signal processing related to a video or asound (signal processing may not be performed), and may be output froman RCA terminal (a video terminal or an audio terminal), a USB(Universal Serial Bus), a USB 2, a USB 3, an HDMI (registered trademark)(High-Definition Multimedia Interface), an HDMI (registered trademark)2, a digital terminal or the like of the receiving apparatus. Moreover,the data/information obtained by the receiving apparatus is modulated byusing a wireless communication method (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)(IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.11ac,IEEE 802.11ad and the like), WiGiG, Bluetooth (registered trademark) andthe like) or a wired communication method (optical communication, powerline communication and the like), and these pieces of information may betransmitted to other apparatuses. In this case, a terminal includes atransmitting apparatus for transmitting information (in this case, theterminal may transmit data including the data/information obtained bythe receiving apparatus, or may generate modified data from thedata/information obtained by the receiving apparatus and transmit themodified data).

Herein, it can be considered that a communication and broadcastapparatuses such as a broadcast station, a base station, an accesspoint, a terminal and a mobile phone includes the transmittingapparatus. In this case, it can be considered that a communicationapparatus such as a television, a radio, a terminal, a personalcomputer, a mobile phone, an access point and a base station includesthe receiving apparatus. Moreover, it can also be considered that eachof the transmitting apparatus and the receiving apparatus according tothe present disclosure is an apparatus having communication functionsand has a form connectable via any interface to an apparatus forexecuting an application such as a television, a radio, a personalcomputer and a mobile phone.

Moreover, in the present exemplary embodiment, symbols other than datasymbols, for example, pilot symbols (preambles, unique words,postambles, reference symbols and the like), and control informationsymbols may be arranged in frames in any way. Then, these symbols arenamed a pilot symbol and a control information symbol here, but may benamed in any way, and a function itself is important.

As a result, for example, a symbol is named a preamble herein, but thename of the symbol is not limited to this name, and the symbol may benamed another name such as a control information symbol and a controlchannel. This symbol is a symbol for transmitting control informationsuch as information of a transmitting method (for example, atransmitting method, a modulating method, a coding rate of an errorcorrection code, a code length of an error correction code, a frameconfiguring method and a Fourier transform method (size)).

Moreover, the pilot symbol only needs to be a known symbol modulated byusing PSK modulation in a transmitting apparatus and a receivingapparatus (or the receiving apparatus may be able to learn a symboltransmitted by the transmitting apparatus by establishingsynchronization). The receiving apparatus performs frequencysynchronization, time synchronization, channel estimation (of eachmodulated signal) (estimation of CSI (Channel State Information)),signal detection and the like by using this symbol.

Moreover, the control information symbol is a symbol for transmittinginformation that is used for realizing communication other than datacommunication (such as application communication) and that needs to betransmitted to a communicating party (the information such as amodulating method used for communication, an error correction codingmethod, a coding rate of the error correction coding method and settinginformation in an upper layer).

In the frame configurations herein, another symbol (for example, a pilotsymbol and a null symbol (an in-phase component of the symbol is 0(zero, and a quadrature component is 0 (zero)))) may be inserted to thefirst preamble.

Similarly, a symbol such as a pilot symbol and a null symbol (anin-phase component of the symbol is 0 (zero, and a quadrature componentis 0 (zero))) may be inserted to the second preamble. Moreover, apreamble is configured with the first preamble and the second preamble.However, the preamble configuration is not limited to thisconfiguration. The preamble may be configured with the first preamble(first preamble group) alone or may be configured with two or morepreambles (preamble groups). Note that in regard to the preambleconfiguration, the same also applies to frame configurations of otherexemplary embodiments.

Moreover, the data symbol group is indicated in the frame configurationsherein. However, another symbol (for example, a pilot symbol, a nullsymbol (an in-phase component of the symbol is 0 (zero, and a quadraturecomponent is 0 (zero))), and a control information symbol) may beinserted. Note that in this regard, the same also applies to frameconfigurations of other exemplary embodiments. Then, another symbol (forexample, a pilot symbol, a null symbol (an in-phase component of thesymbol is 0 (zero, and a quadrature component is 0 (zero))), a controlinformation symbol and a data symbol) may be inserted in a pilot symbol.

Moreover, some of the frame configurations of modulated signals to betransmitted by the transmitting apparatus are described herein. In thiscase, the above describes the point that “time division (temporaldivision) is performed.”

However, when two data symbol groups are connected, there is a portionsubjected to frequency division at a seam portion. This point will bedescribed with reference to FIG. 39.

FIG. 39 illustrates symbol 3901 of data symbol group #1 and symbol 3902of data symbol group #2. As illustrated at time t0 in FIG. 39, thesymbol of data symbol group #1 ends with carrier 4. In this case, thesymbol of data symbol group #2 is arranged from carrier 5 at time to.Then, only a portion at time t0 is exceptionally subjected to frequencydivision. However, there is only the symbol of data symbol group #1before time t0, and there is only the symbol of data symbol group #2after time t0. At this point, time division (temporal division) isperformed.

FIG. 40 illustrates another example. Note that the same referencenumerals as those in FIG. 39 are assigned. As illustrated at time t0 inFIG. 40, the symbol of data symbol group #1 ends with carrier 4. Then,as illustrated at time t1, the symbol of data symbol group #1 ends withcarrier 5. Then, the symbol of data symbol group #2 is arranged fromcarrier 5 at time t0, and the symbol of data symbol group #2 is arrangedfrom carrier 6 at time t1. Then, portions at time t0 and time t1 areexceptionally subjected to frequency division. However, there is onlythe symbol of data symbol group #1 before time t0, and there is only thesymbol of data symbol #2 after time t1. At this point, time division(temporal division) is performed.

As illustrated in FIGS. 39 and 40, there is a case where, except for theexceptional portions, there are time at which there is no data symbolother than the symbol of data symbol group #1 (there may be a pilotsymbol or the like) and time at which there is no data symbol other thanthe symbol of data symbol group #2 (there may be a pilot symbol or thelike). This case will be referred to as “time division (temporaldivision) is performed” (hence, an exceptional time existing method isnot limited to FIGS. 39 and 40).

Note that the present disclosure is not limited to each exemplaryembodiment, and can be carried out with various modifications. Forexample, the case where the present disclosure is performed as acommunication apparatus is described in each exemplary embodiment.However, the present disclosure is not limited to this case, and thiscommunication method can also be used as software.

Transmission antennas of transmission stations and base stations,reception antennas of terminals and one antenna described in thedrawings may be configured with a plurality of antennas.

The following are included as various aspects of the embodimentsaccording to the present disclosure.

A transmission method according to a first aspect of the presentdisclosure includes: configuring a frame using a plurality of orthogonalfrequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, by allocating timeresources and frequency resources to a plurality of transmission data;and transmitting the frame, wherein the frame includes a first period inwhich a preamble which includes information on a frame configuration ofthe frame is transmitted, and a second period in which the plurality oftransmission data are transmitted by at least one of time division andfrequency division, and among the plurality of OFDM symbols, OFDMsymbols included in the second period include pilot symbols arrangedalong a time axis with a predetermined spacing therebetween, and apredetermined number of data symbols.

A receiving method according to a second aspect of the presentdisclosure includes: receiving a frame generated using a plurality oforthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, by allocatingtime resources and frequency resources to a plurality of transmissiondata, the frame including a first period in which a preamble istransmitted and a second period in which the plurality of transmissiondata are transmitted by at least one of time division and frequencydivision; obtaining information on a frame configuration of the framefrom the preamble; and demodulating, based on the information on theframe configuration, at least one of the plurality of transmission datatransmitted in the second period, wherein among the plurality of OFDMsymbols, OFDM symbols included in the second period include pilotsymbols arranged along a time axis with a predetermined spacingtherebetween, and a predetermined number of data symbols.

A transmitting apparatus according to a third aspect of the presentdisclosure includes: a frame configuring unit configured to configure aframe using a plurality of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing(OFDM) symbols, by allocating time resources and frequency resources toa plurality of transmission data; and a transmitter which transmits theframe, wherein the frame includes a first period in which a preamblewhich includes information on a frame configuration of the frame istransmitted, and a second period in which the plurality of transmissiondata are transmitted by at least one of time division and frequencydivision, and among the plurality of OFDM symbols, OFDM symbols includedin the second period include pilot symbols arranged along a time axiswith a predetermined spacing therebetween, and a predetermined number ofdata symbols.

A receiving apparatus according to a fourth aspect of the presentdisclosure includes: a receiver which receives a frame generated using aplurality of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols,by allocating time resources and frequency resources to a plurality oftransmission data, the frame including a first period in which apreamble is transmitted and a second period in which the plurality oftransmission data are transmitted by at least one of time division andfrequency division; a preamble processor which obtains information on aframe configuration of the frame from the preamble; and a demodulatorwhich demodulates, based on the information on the frame configuration,at least one of the plurality of transmission data transmitted in thesecond period included in the frame, wherein among the plurality of OFDMsymbols, OFDM symbols included in the second period include pilotsymbols arranged along a time axis with a predetermined spacingtherebetween, and a predetermined number of data symbols.

The above has described various kinds of embodiments with reference tothe drawings, yet it is needless to say that the present disclosure isnot limited to such examples. As is clear for those skilled in the art,various changes or modifications will fall within the scope of theclaims, and it is of course understood that such changes ormodifications also fall within the technical scope of the presentdisclosure. Further, the elements in the above embodiments may becombined arbitrarily without departing from the scope of the presentdisclosure.

The above embodiments have given description using examples in whichhardware is used for configurations of the present disclosure, yet thepresent disclosure can also be achieved also by software in cooperationwith hardware.

Note that a program for executing the above-described communicationmethod may be stored in a ROM (Read Only Memory) in advance to cause aCPU (Central Processor Unit) to operate this program.

Moreover, the program for executing the communication method may bestored in a computer-readable storage medium to record the programstored in the recording medium in a RAM (Random Access Memory) of acomputer, and to cause the computer to operate according to thisprogram.

Then, each configuration of each of the above-described exemplaryembodiments and the like may be realized as an LSI (Large ScaleIntegration) which is typically an integrated circuit having an inputterminal and an output terminal. These integrated circuits may be formedas one chip separately, or may be formed as one chip so as to includethe entire configuration or part of the configuration of each exemplaryembodiment. The LSI is described here, but the integrated circuit mayalso be referred to as an IC (Integrated Circuit), a system LSI, a superLSI and an ultra LSI depending on a degree of integration. Moreover, acircuit integration technique is not limited to the LSI, and may berealized by a dedicated circuit or a general purpose processor. Aftermanufacturing of the LSI, a programmable FPGA (Field Programmable GateArray) or a reconfigurable processor which is reconfigurable inconnection or settings of circuit cells inside the LSI may be used.

Further, when development of a semiconductor technology or anotherderived technology provides a circuit integration technology whichreplaces the LSI, as a matter of course, functional blocks may beintegrated by using this technology. There may be biotechnologyadaptation or the like as a possibility.

The present disclosure is widely applicable to a wireless system whichtransmits different modulated signals from a plurality of antennas,respectively. Moreover, the present disclosure is also applicable to acase where MIMO transmission is performed in a wired communicationsystem having a plurality of transmission portions (for example, a PLC(Power Line Communication) system, an optical communication system, anda DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) system).

Note that the first exemplary embodiment is described by using basebandsignals s1(t) (s1(i)) and s2(t) (s2(i)). In this case, data to betransmitted with s1(t) (s1(i)) and data to be transmitted with s2(t)(s2(i)) may be the same.

Moreover, s1(t)=s2(t) (s1(i)=s2(i)) may hold. In this case, a modulatedsignal of one stream is transmitted from a plurality of antennas.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The present disclosure is widely applicable to a wireless system whichtransmits different modulated signals from a plurality of antennas,respectively. Moreover, the present disclosure is also applicable to acase where MIMO transmission is performed in a wired communicationsystem having a plurality of transmission portions (for example, a PLC(Power Line Communication) system, an optical communication system, anda DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) system).

REFERENCE MARKS IN THE DRAWINGS

-   -   102 data generator    -   105 second preamble generator    -   108 control signal generator    -   110 frame configuring unit    -   112 signal processor    -   114 pilot insertion unit    -   116 IFFT unit    -   118 PAPR reduction unit    -   120 guard interval insertion unit    -   122 first preamble insertion unit    -   124 wireless processor    -   126 antenna

The invention claimed is:
 1. A transmission apparatus using OrthogonalFrequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) comprising: a processor; and anon-transitory memory coupled to the processor, wherein the processorperforms: configuring a first frame by allocating a resource to each ofone or more stations, each resource including a subset of subcarriers;and transmitting the first frame by using an antenna, wherein the firstframe includes a first preamble, a second preamble, and a first datasymbol, a subcarrier frequency spacing of the first preamble is a firstfrequency spacing value, a subcarrier frequency spacing of the secondpreamble is a second frequency spacing value, the first frequencyspacing value is four times larger than the second frequency spacingvalue, a subcarrier spacing of the first data symbol is the secondfrequency spacing value, the first data symbol carries data for the oneor more stations simultaneously, and wherein the first frequency spacingvalue is equal to a subcarrier frequency spacing of a second data symbolincluded in a second frame which is different from the first frame, datasubcarriers used for data transmission in the second data symbol carriesdata for one station without dividing into resources.
 2. A receptionapparatus using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)comprising: a processor; and a non-transitory memory coupled to theprocessor, wherein the processor performs: receiving a received signalobtained by receiving a first frame by using an antenna, the first framebeing configured by allocating a resource to each of one or morestations, each resource including a subset of subcarriers, the firstframe including a first preamble, a second preamble, and a first datasymbol, a subcarrier frequency spacing of the first preamble being afirst frequency spacing value, a subcarrier frequency spacing of thesecond preamble being a second frequency spacing value, the firstfrequency spacing value being four times larger than the secondfrequency spacing value, a subcarrier spacing of the first data symbolbeing the second frequency spacing value, the first data symbol carryingdata for the one or more stations simultaneously; and demodulating thereceived signal, wherein the demodulating the received signal includes:obtaining a first control information carried in the first preambleusing a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) according to the first frequencyspacing; obtaining a second control information carried in the firstpreamble using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) according to the secondfrequency spacing; and obtaining a data carried in the first data symbolusing a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) according to the second frequencyspacing, and wherein the first frequency spacing value is equal to asubcarrier frequency spacing of a second data symbol included in asecond frame which is different from the first frame, data subcarriersused for data transmission in the second data symbol carries data forone station without dividing into resources.
 3. A transmission methodusing Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) comprising:configuring a first frame by allocating a resource to each of one ormore stations, each resource including a subset of subcarriers; andtransmitting the first frame by using an antenna, wherein the firstframe includes a first preamble, a second preamble, and a first datasymbol, a subcarrier frequency spacing of the first preamble is a firstfrequency spacing value, a subcarrier frequency spacing of the secondpreamble is a second frequency spacing value, the first frequencyspacing value is four times larger than the second frequency spacingvalue, a subcarrier spacing of the first data symbol is the secondfrequency spacing value, the first data symbol carries data for the oneor more stations simultaneously, and wherein the first frequency spacingvalue is equal to a subcarrier frequency spacing of a second data symbolincluded in a second frame which is different from the first frame, datasubcarriers used for data transmission in the second data symbol carriesdata for one station without dividing into resources.
 4. A receptionmethod using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)comprising: receiving a received signal obtained by receiving a firstframe, the first frame being configured by allocating a resource to eachof one or more stations, each resource including a subset ofsubcarriers, the first frame including a first preamble, a secondpreamble, and a first data symbol, a subcarrier frequency spacing of thefirst preamble being a first frequency spacing value, a subcarrierfrequency spacing of the second preamble being a second frequencyspacing value, the first frequency spacing value being four times largerthan the second frequency spacing value, a subcarrier spacing of thefirst data symbol being the second frequency spacing value, the firstdata symbol carrying data for the one or more stations simultaneously;and demodulating the received signal, wherein the demodulating thereceived signal includes: obtaining a first control information carriedin the first preamble using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) according tothe first frequency spacing; obtaining a second control informationcarried in the first preamble using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)according to the second frequency spacing; and obtaining a data carriedin the first data symbol using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) accordingto the second frequency spacing, and wherein the first frequency spacingvalue is equal to a subcarrier frequency spacing of a second data symbolincluded in a second frame which is different from the first frame, datasubcarriers used for data transmission in the second data symbol carriesdata for one station without dividing into resources.